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一次套钻确定三维地应力的新型钻孔变形计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于岩体初始地应力测量的套钻应力解除方法,在36-2型钻孔变形计的基础上增加8个轴向变形测量装置,优化设计加工成12分量新型钻孔变形计。该变形计具有8个轴向变形测量元件和4个径向变形测量元件。试验室内元件标定的结果表明,每个测量元件的分辨率可达0.000 1 mm,精度达到2 ‰;多项室内整体标定试验表明,该变形计应力测量稳定性和可靠性较好,分辨率可达0.028 MPa(当E=30 GPa时),实测误差小于10 %;在利用设计出的专用金刚石钻头钻取的钻孔中,安装该变形计,只需要一次套钻应力解除试验就可以确定测点部位的三维地应力状态。该地应力测试设备和方法解决了传统的利用3个钻孔套钻解除确定三维地应力的弊端,并可进行深孔测试。具有操作方便、精度高、可靠性好的特点。 相似文献
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介绍了目前滑坡深部水平位移钻孔倾斜仪人工监测方法存在的问题,钻孔深部位移自动化监测通信方法的选择。地质滑坡灾害监测中广泛使用钻孔倾斜仪,介绍了CZ-2型钻孔倾斜仪的构成及现场测试方法。 相似文献
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介绍了砂岩型铀矿找矿勘探过程中钻孔数据的产生途径、作用及意义,阐述了钻孔数据采集与管理的现状,以及数据库技术在提高砂岩型铀矿钻孔数据采集与管理方面的优势,并对基于钻孔数据库开发的管理系统功能模块进行介绍,有利于砂岩型铀矿钻孔数据采编系统的推广应用。 相似文献
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锦屏深部地下实验室初始地应力测量实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地应力条件是大型地下洞室稳定性分析与工程设计的必要信息之一,对于深部高应力地下工程的安全评价与灾害防治尤为重要。以埋深2 400 m的中国锦屏地下实验室为例,首先重点阐述了高应力下条件下应力解除法测量地应力的原理与方法,并提出了针对在高应力条件下使用36-2型钻孔变形计地应力测量的改进技术：（1）采用新式阶梯状钻头,分级逐步解除,减小岩芯根部应力集中区域的范围和应力大小;（2）使用大直径解除钻头来增加套孔空心圆柱状岩芯的厚度,即增大裂隙贯通整个岩芯的时间;（3）在测点附近钻取勘探孔以获知测点岩体完整性条件,对是否适合开展测试进行评估。在此基础上,通过现场岩体地应力测试获得每个测孔不同深度垂直钻孔轴线平面上的平面应力状态以及三孔交汇处的三维应力状态（3个主应力的大小和方向）,分析开挖扰动导致的围岩应力重分布规律与原始应力场分布。依据洞室围岩重分布应力特征与现场实际破坏的空间位置对应关系,结合现场破坏情况和工程区域地质条件,多角度验证了三维应力结果是可靠的,可为进一步的工程稳定性评价以及围岩支护设计提供依据。 相似文献
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《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2003,(1)
本文首次报道TJ-2型体积式钻孔应变仪的研制工作。TJ-2体积式钻孔应变仪属于液压型体积应变仪,与传统的液位型体积应变仪在结构上有所不同,它可以有更小的体积(见照片1),且保持了液位型体积应变仪的技术指标。本文介绍了TJ-2型仪器研制的进展、技术指标与安装使用概况,以及存在的问题与今后工作方向。TJ-2型仪器的研制成功,推动了我国钻孔应变前兆观测手段在"十五"期间的新发展,为近几年内开展深孔应变观测及井下综合观测准备了一定的技术基础。 相似文献
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平巷/坑道-钻孔地浸采矿方法是利用平巷/坑道开展钻孔地浸采矿的方法。20世纪70年代后,苏联不仅应用于其开采过一些砂岩型铀矿床,而且成功应用于开采陡产状的花岗岩型铀矿床,并进行残矿回收,具有较好的经济效益。该采矿方法在中国鲜有报道,文章介绍塔吉克斯坦境内金伊克-塔尔花岗岩型矿床坑道-钻孔地浸采矿有关情况,供研究该方法时参考。 相似文献
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一、泰安地震台孔应变观测概况泰安地震台共有三个钻孔,安装了两种型号的钻孔应变仪并行观测,一种是地壳应力研究所研制的J-2型体积式钻孔应变仪,安装在T-2孔内,探头埋深-69.9m,膨胀水泥耦合。另一种是河南省鹤壁市地震局的YRY-2型压容式差应变仪,安装在T-3孔内,探头埋深-28.5m,用石英砂掩埋(沉砂法)。这两种应变仪运行正常,均有清晰的固体潮显示,漂移很小。T-2和T-3两个孔内均安装了水位 相似文献
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ENCORE钻孔导斜系统由设计先进的MOLE型固定楔、MULE型活楔、RATTY型扩孔导向矛和DOLPHIN型定向仪组成。可在40－96mm钻孔中进行定向钻进，解决钻孔纠斜或分支孔钻进问题。在分析研究其、工作原理和操作方法基础上进行对比分析，指出优点并介绍了使用效果。 相似文献
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在河北省开平向斜核部煤田普查区,由于煤层埋藏较深,地层易缩径、压力异常,给钻探施工带来巨大压力。2011年2月19日,本区ZK9-1号钻孔成功完成地质钻探任务,实际终孔深度1950.68m,为国内目前该区采用Φ50mm钻杆施工煤田取心最深钻孔。从设备选择、钻具选择使用及其抗拉强度扭矩校核,泥浆使用、压力平衡钻进、防斜措施等方面介绍了该孔克服深孔地层压力异常、泥岩蠕变钻孔缩径,一次成孔达到设计要求的施工经验,对类似地区的钻探施工有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Chuanliang Yan Jingen Deng Baohua Yu Wenliang Li Zijian Chen Lianbo Hu Yang Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2199-2209
In oil and gas drilling or geothermal well drilling, the temperature difference between the drilling fluid and formation will lead to an apparent temperature change around the borehole, which will influence the stress state around the borehole and tend to cause borehole instability in high geothermal gradient formations. The thermal effect is usually not considered as a factor in most of the conventional borehole stability models. In this research, in order to solve the borehole instability in high-temperature formations, a calculation model of the temperature field around the borehole during drilling is established. The effects of drilling fluid circulation, drilling fluid density, and mud displacement on the temperature field are analyzed. Besides these effects, the effect of temperature change on the stress around the borehole is analyzed based on thermoelasticity theory. In addition, the relationships between temperature and strength of four types of rocks are respectively established based on experimental results, and thermal expansion coefficients are also tested. On this basis, a borehole stability model is established considering thermal effects and the effect of temperature change on borehole stability is also analyzed. The results show that the fracture pressure and collapse pressure will both increase as the temperature of borehole rises, and vice versa. The fracture pressure is more sensitive to temperature. Temperature has different effects on collapse pressures due to different lithological characters; however, the variation of fracture pressure is unrelated to lithology. The research results can provide a reference for the design of drilling fluid density in high-temperature wells. 相似文献
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非开挖水平定向钻进敷设管道的质量直接受到水平孔壁的位移特征影响,而水平孔直径则是影响孔壁位移的重要因素之一。采用快速拉格朗日的计算方法,利用Mohr—Coulomb准则对粘土地层中不同直径条件下的近水平孔壁位移响应特征进行了数值计算分析。获得了在不同钻孔直径（0．6-1．6m）条件下近水平孔壁X、Y和Z三个方向的位移矢量、应力分布数据。分析结果表明,随着水平钻孔直径的不断增加,近孔壁各点的Z位移也不断增加,其中水平孔下部各点Z方向变化更为明显。同时,位移变化区域随着环形区域的不断向外扩展,增加幅度不断降低。因此,合理控制施工的终孔直径对于减少孔壁位移扰动具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The determination of in situ stresses is very important in petroleum engineering. Hydraulic fracturing is a widely accepted technique for the determination of in situ stresses nowadays. Unfortunately, the hydraulic fracturing test is time-consuming and expensive. Taking advantage of the shape of borehole breakouts measured from widely available caliper and image logs to determine in situ stress in petroleum engineering is highly attractive. By finite element modeling of borehole breakouts considering thermoporoelasticity, the authors simulate the process of borehole breakouts in terms of initiation, development, and stabilization under Mogi-Coulomb criterion and end up with the shape of borehole breakouts. Artificial neural network provides such a tool to establish the relationship between in situ stress and shape of borehole breakouts, which can be used to determine in situ stress based on different shape of borehole breakouts by inverse analysis. In this paper, two steps are taken to determine in situ stress by inverse analysis. First, sets of finite element modeling provide sets of data on in situ stress and borehole breakout measures considering the influence of drilling fluid temperature and pore pressure, which will be used to train an artificial neural network that can eventually represent the relationship between the in situ stress and borehole breakout measures. Second, for a given measure of borehole breakouts in a certain drilling fluid temperature, the trained artificial neural network will be used to predict the corresponding in situ stress. Results of numerical experiments show that the inverse analysis based on finite element modeling of borehole breakouts and artificial neural network is a promising method to determine in situ stress. 相似文献
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直流电阻率法因效率高、成本低等特点广泛应用于有色金属、煤田等矿产资源勘探和地质调查行业。但在井–地、地–井电阻率法勘探过程中,钻孔因素(井液电阻率和钻孔孔径)对不同探测模式下视电阻率响应的影响尚未明确,是否影响视电阻率资料的解释是值得探讨的一个问题。因此,提出采用混合网格有限元法实现直流电阻率三维正演。给出异常电位法满足的边值问题及有限元变分问题,应用三棱柱和四面体混合网格实现对计算区域的快速离散,并建立2种网格的线性插值基函数和单元系数矩阵;采用SSOR–PCG迭代算法求解异常电位满足的大型线性方程组,得到各观测点的响应。在保证计算精度的前提下,应用混合网格有效地离散钻孔地电模型,探讨钻孔因素对井–地、地–井观测方式视电阻率数据的影响特征。对于井–地观测方式:钻孔附近视电阻率受钻孔因素影响最大,严重影响视电阻率资料的合理解释,但随着测点收发距的增加,视电阻率响应逐渐趋于围岩电阻率;而且随着发射源深度的增加,钻孔对地表视电阻率响应的影响也逐渐减小。对于地–井观测方式:钻孔因素对浅部数据影响较大,对深部数据影响小,相比于井液电阻率,视电阻率响应更易受钻孔孔径的影响。直流电阻率法混合网格有限元三维正演算法的提出,对实际井–地、地–井电阻率法勘探具有理论指导意义,可结合钻孔信息进行正演模拟分析,选择合适的收发距,有效压制钻孔因素对实测资料的影响。 相似文献
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The best method to evaluate the seismic site response is by means of borehole vertical arrays that use earthquake records from different depths. In this paper we introduce the implementation of a single borehole sensor system (synchronized to a sensor on the surface) that is fixed at variable depths within a single well. This system is used for recording small amplitude earthquake signals at variable stiffness conditions in depth to compute empirical borehole transfer functions. The computed average empirical borehole transfer functions allow the estimation of an S-wave velocity model that is constrained using the frequency peak observed in the H/V ratio curve.Pairs of surface and borehole earthquake records were obtained with the borehole sensor placed at − 10, −20, −50, and − 100 m depth in a test site in Managua, Nicaragua. The average velocity of the final model down to − 100 m appeared to be in good agreement with the average velocity computed via cross-correlation using the surface and borehole signals. Likewise, an inverted MASW profile and H/V ratio at the same site agree with the S-wave velocity model obtained. 相似文献