共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
On experimental reflected density currents and the interpretation of certain turbidites 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Experimental results are reported concerning the nature of reflected flows generated when density currents are incident upon ramp-type flow obstructions. The reflected flows are bores (moving hydraulic jumps that transport mass) with flow characteristics in common with either a group of solitary waves (weak Type A bores) or the original density current (strong Type C bores). Alternatively, the bore may have attributes in common with both of these end-member forms (intermediate Type B bores). Bore strength is positively correlated with the ratio of reverse flow thickness to that of the residual tail of the forward flow. The largest values of this ratio occur when ‘proximal’reflections arrive at the steeper ramps. Measured particle paths in the bores indicate that natural examples will have the potential to transport and deposit sediment. Strong bores have velocity characteristics very similar to the original current and thus in nature the generated sequence of sedimentary structures will resemble those of the original depositing current. The train of solitary waves that make up a weak bore sequence exhibits a pulsating velocity profile at a point. Such flows may thus generate repeated sequences of structures separated by fine ‘drapes’that are distinguishable from the deposits of the original turbidity current. These conclusions are applied to examples of reflected turbidites described from the Palaeozoic to Quaternary sedimentary record. 相似文献
2.
Understanding the formation of tidal bores is of great importance to the changing morphology of estuaries. This study investigates how the slope of tidal bores front changes by influence of varying shape and depth in estuaries. A new analytical solution of the slope was derived from the 1D shallow water equation and two numerical models were developed based on the Upwind scheme and Superbee schemes to simulate the propagation of tidal waves. Six cases were utilized to investigate the influences of decreasing width and depth on the generation of tidal bores. Analytical results suggest that the initial depth is considered to have more significant influence on the generation of tidal bore than the initial width. Compared with the analytical results, Scheme 2, which is based on Superbee scheme, is found to be superior to the other scheme and its results show a good agreement with the new analytical solution. Both analytical and numerical results show that the decrease of width and depth can promote the generation of tidal bores. In contrast, tidal bores may weaken or even not form due to the energy dissipation bottom friction induced. 相似文献
3.
Although tsunamis in the deep ocean are very long waves of quite small amplitudes, as they propagate shorewards into shallow water, nonlinearity becomes important and the structure of the leading waves depends on the polarity of the incident wave from the deep ocean. In this paper, we use a variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation to examine this issue, for an initial wave which is either elevation, or depression, or a combination of each. We show that the leading waves can be described by a reduction of the Whitham modulation theory to a solitary wave train. We find that for an initial elevation, the leading waves are elevation solitary waves with an amplitude which varies inversely with the depth, with a pre-factor which is twice the maximum amplitude in the initial wave. By contrast, for an initial depression, the leading wave is a depression rarefaction wave, followed by a solitary wave train whose maximum amplitude of the leading wave is determined by the square root of the mass in the initial wave. 相似文献
4.
地铁列车进、出站引起的土层振动是一种振源特性丰富且复杂的特殊振动。为了研究地铁进、出站时引起土层振动差异性和空间振动特性,首先将地铁进、出站过程中变速移动的振源简化成振动频率、车离站相对位置及行驶位置不断变化的柱面振源。基于波动原理,采用波函数展开法建立空间振源在土层内的波动场表达式;利用反射定律推导不同波型反射波的传播方向,再根据Graf加法公式以及贝塞尔函数的变换特性将波场表达式转换到统一坐标系下,利用大圆弧地表的边界条件求解不同振源位置下的待定波场系数;最后根据频域内振动叠加原理,确立在整个列车进、出站过程中变速移动振源的总波动场。通过比较计算得到的列车进、出站时地表振动频谱和实测地表频谱特性,验证柱面振源的有效性,发现进、出站引起的地表振动低频特性更明显。参数分析表明,启动最大加速度和制动初速度的增加都将使地表竖向振动响应增大。 相似文献
5.
Natalie Bonneton Philippe BonnetonJean-Paul Parisot Aldo SottolichioGuillaume Detandt 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2012,344(10):508-515
In this article, we present a study on the tidal bore dynamics based on the analysis of the database acquired in 2011 during two simultaneous field campaigns in the Seine and Garonne Rivers. We have shown that in the Garonne River, contrary to the common view, undular tidal bore can form for a large majority of tides, even sometimes at neap tide when the river discharge is low. We have identified, from surface elevation measurements, low-steepness, low-frequency undular tidal bores which are not visually observable. Such low-frequency tidal bores have been also identified and characterised for the first time in the Seine River. In this river, the first undulation wave height can be higher than 1 m. We have shown that the secondary wave steepness strongly increases when the Froude number exceeds the critical value Fc. The large-steepness tidal bore regime corresponds to what is commonly termed in French mascaret. 相似文献
6.
Wang Wulin 《岩土力学》1988,9(1):1-20
In this paper, the measurement technique and analysis method of ground vibration with various sources at iron and steel complex are described. The practical measurement cases of ground vibration excited by gas compressor, hammer, truck, train etc. at iron and steel complex are presented. The shapes of wave velocity, peak values, and the main frequency from measured point are listed. The measurement results point out that the velocity waves with different sources have different forms, which are mainly divided the wave forms into three types : the complex-steady-state wave, the shock wave, and the random wave, different main frequency spectrum, different peak values of velocity, and different decay law with distance from sources. The wave in three directions have different forms at each measured point with same seismic source, and their decay laws are different, too. The decay laws of vertical displacements caused by fallen-hammer with the distance from source quite fit in with the equation derivative by Bornitz. 相似文献
7.
本文叙述了钢铁联合企业内各种振源地基振动的测量技术和分析方法,介绍了武钢等企业内空气压缩机、落锤、锻锤、汽车、火车等振源地基振动的实测情况,列出了各测点的速度波形、峰值、主频等数据。实测表明:不同的振源具有不同的振动波形(大致分为复合稳态波、冲击波、随机波三类)、不同的主频率带、不同的速度峰值及其随距离衰减的规律,且同一振源各测点上三个方向的振动波形不同,衰减规律也不同。落锤振源各测点垂直位移随距离的衰减规律与博尼茨(Bornitz)推导的关系式比较符合。 相似文献
8.
I. B. Abbasov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2009,429(2):1605-1607
This report considers the problem of the propagation of nonlinear surface gravity waves over shallow waters with regard to
dispersion. By means of the semigraphical method proposed, the transformation of the profile of nonlinear surface gravity
waves is described. The profiles of surface gravity waves are presented for the stages of crest sharpening and front steepening,
as well as the wave train disintegration caused by dispersion. 相似文献
9.
波浪增水抬升了岸礁礁坪的平均水位,对岸礁后方陆域安全有重要影响。通过水槽试验,研究了不规则波况下岸礁礁坪的增水。试验组次为3种礁坪水深、4种有效波高和4种谱峰周期的组合。试验结果表明:①岸礁地形上的波浪要素需至少统计200个波才能达到稳定;②不规则波列在岸礁上破碎过程比规则波列复杂,同一波列中波高较大的波以卷破形式在礁前斜坡上破碎,波高较小的波以崩破形式在礁坪上破碎或者不破碎;③礁坪上最大增水值随入射波周期的增大而增大、随礁坪水深的增大而减小,并与入射波波高呈正比。结合试验数据,发现基于规则波试验得出的Gourlay礁坪增水公式,在使用有效波高和谱峰周期作为代表波要素时,公式能良好地预测不规则波在岸礁礁坪上的最大增水值。 相似文献
10.
Horizontal lamination and the sequence of bed phases and stratification under upper-flow-regime conditions 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R. J. CHEEL 《Sedimentology》1990,37(3):517-529
11.
奇异的波至现象 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1997年，笔者在水力压裂后砂岩产油井中进行高分辨率VSP工作时，除观测到常规纵波及转换波,还观测到来自产油层的几种奇异的慢速波至。由于该慢速波至的性质不明，按视速度从高到低分别命名为W1，W2，W3，…（W为wave的第1个字母），在顺5井裂隙优势方向，1210m深度上观测到5种反射波；反射纵波，反射转换波，W1，W2，W3波，在裂隙非优势方向上，W2，W3波没有出现，在顺4井1532m深度上观测到4种反射波；反射纵波，反射转换波，还有2种慢速波至，为了区别于顺5井中观测到的慢速波至，将其命名为W4，W5波。结合该区钻井，测井，地面地震，井间地震等资料对观测到的慢速波至进行了详细分析，分析结果表明：该慢速波至既不属于不均匀介质产生的绕射波，侧界面产生的反射波，槽波，管波，斯通利波，也与Biot慢纵波动力学特征相悖，现有波动理论不能解释这种慢速波至现象，这意味着地球内部介质中存在人类还未认识的弹性波传播规律。 相似文献
12.
波动分析是一种定量研究盆地沉积-构造演化的方法.本文分析了滑动窗口法在盆地沉积波动分析数理方法中的诸多不足,采用小波变换的多尺度分解思想对研究区19个点处的信号做了处理,方法是使用db4小波对沉积速率直方图做Level9次分解.结果表明:以东营凹陷616-2点为例做沉积波动分析发现,通过小波变换可以获得能量波(A)、次能量波(n)、沉积演化波(g)和高频波(l)四个分解波,其中周期波n、g、l的周期分别是91、50、14 Ma;平面对比各分解波发现,能量波反映的是盆地沉积的整体趋势和盆内某点的平均沉积速率,次能量波反映的是盆地构造演化周期和断陷结构,沉积演化波反映的是板块聚敛控制下的盆地沉积-剥蚀演化,沉积干涉波反映的是盆地多尺度周期波叠加所呈现的地层沉积速率;空间尺度波动分析表明,一期构造运动会在空间内产生一个特定的构造波,而多个构造波在空间内会有规律地相互干涉,即产生多期构造叠加. 相似文献
13.
Moche Ziv 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(3):233-258
The transient deformation of an elastic half‐space under a line‐concentrated impulsive vector shear load applied momentarily is disclosed in this paper. While in an earlier work, the author gave an analytical–numerical method for the solution to this transient boundary‐value problem, here, the resultant response of the half‐space is presented and interpreted. In particular, a probe is set up for the kinematics of the source signature and wave fronts, both explicitly revealed in the strained half‐space by the solution method. The source signature is the imprint of the spatiotemporal configuration of the excitation source in the resultant response. Fourteen wave fronts exist behind the precursor shear wave S: four concentric cylindrical, eight plane, and two relativistic cylindrical initiated at propagating centres that are located on the stationary boundaries of the solution domain. A snapshot of the stressed half‐space reveals that none of the 14 wave fronts fully extend laterally. Instead, each is enclosed within point bounds. These wave arresting points and the two propagating centres of the relativistic waves constitute the source signature. The obtained 14 wave fronts are further combined into 11 disparate wave fronts that are grouped into four categories: an axis of symmetry wave—so named here by reason of being a wave front that is contiguous to the axis of symmetry, three body waves, five surface waves and two inhibitor waves—so named here by reason that beyond them the material motion dies out. Of the three body waves, the first is an unloading shear wave, the second is a diffracted wave and the third is a reflected longitudinal two‐branch wave. Of the two inhibitor waves, the first is a two‐joint relativistic wave, while the second is a two‐branch wave. The wave system, however, is not the same for all the dependent variables; a wave front that appears in the behaviour of one dependent variable may not exist in the behaviour of another. It is evident from this work that Saint–Venant's principle for wave propagation problems cannot be formulated. Therefore, the above results are valid for the particular proposed model for the momentary line‐concentrated shear load. The formulation of the source signature, the wave system, and their role in the half‐space transient deformation are presented here. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
根据单井沉积旋回对比,结合地震反射特征分析,本文将青山口组划分为3个三级层序,8个四级层序.四级层序界面主要有：1）河道冲蚀底界,表现为砾石层或砂砾岩层、内碎屑泥砾、钙砾或生物成因的灰质河道滞留物,测井曲线多为钟形;2）地表暴露面,表现为根土岩、古七壤层、紫红色泥岩或杂色泥岩、岩相突变带以及钙质结核层,测井曲线多为漏斗形;3）沉积物卸载区和滨岸带,出现钙质砂岩层、介形虫层等特殊沉积,测井曲线多具指形特征.层序界面的地震响应特征有：1）近物源的上坡折区.地震波组表现为削截或冲刷充填;2）坡折带发育区,地震波组表现为上超,亦见下超和顶超;3）强振幅反射同相轴所示的上、下地层的截然差异;4）地震波阻抗反演剖面波组上、下的截然差异等.松辽盆地北部青山口组的四级层序的划分及界面识别,为进一步建证四级层序格架奠定了基础. 相似文献
15.
The 1978 Miyagi-ken-oki earthquake generated crack openings in fill slopes in Sendai, Japan. Although the slopes were reinforced with steel pipe piles after this event, tensile cracking was induced again in the same slopes by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. This clearly indicates conventional countermeasures against dynamic slope failures, usually based on body wave interaction with slopes, are not always effective. Considering that similar open cracks in the top surfaces of slopes were also found in New Zealand and California, we may need to clarify the generation mechanism of such cracks with some new insights. Recently, it has been indicated that the effect of Rayleigh surface wave propagation on dynamic slope stability may become significant. In this contribution, therefore, by performing two-dimensional elastodynamic analyses of Rayleigh/body wave interaction with a geometrically simple model slope, we show Rayleigh waves may play a more dominant role than body waves in generating the open cracks, and emphasise the importance of taking into account the dynamic slope failures induced by Rayleigh waves. Surface waves may be produced also by nearby blasting, etc., and therefore, the results obtained here may be of crucial importance in comprehending the dynamic stability of slopes in general. 相似文献
16.
为了较好地模拟给定模型在随机源激发下产生的稳定波场信息,为微动信号的检验和数据特征分析等提供理论依据,采用交错网格有限差分方法模拟微动信号,并根据瑞雷波和勒夫波的产生机理,通过测区内震源的分布情况估测微动信号中面波的组成成分。首先建立交错网格有限差分法模拟微动信号的数值模型,然后给出估测微动信号中面波组成成分的算式,最后采用典型方法数值模拟微动信号,应用空间自相关方法提取模拟信号中面波的频散曲线进行分析对比。结果表明,交错网格有限差分方法模拟得到的微动信号更符合实测结果。 相似文献
17.
Zhenzhu Meng 《Landslides》2018,15(6):1173-1182
This experimental study provides insight into impulse waves generated by a viscoplastic material. The viscoplastic material chosen is a stable polymeric gel called Carbopol Ultrez 10, which is approximately modeled as Herschel–Bulkley model. As observed from high-speed cameras, the viscoplastic material such as Carbopol moves as a long and thin train of material along the slope, and only a fraction of the sliding mass is engaged in generating the leading wave. Therefore, our primary objective is to study how much of the initial slide mass is able to contribute to the leading wave formation. For the sake of distinguishing the actual slide mass acting on the leading wave formation with the initial mass, we define the submarine slide mass when the leading wave reaches its maximum wave height as “effective mass”. In this work, we held the still water depth and slope angle constant, and varied the initial slide mass and slope length. Then, we measured the slide velocity, slide thickness, and slide mass at impact, as well as the wave amplitude and wave height. The results indicate that the effective mass is dependent on both the initial slide mass and the slope length. The ratio of the effective mass to the initial slide mass is less than 20% in our experimental range, and the ratio increases with larger initial mass. In addition, we also examined our experimental data with previous empirical equations developed from granular slides. By considering the effective mass instead of the initial slide mass, the prediction of impulse waves generated by viscoplastic material is significantly improved. 相似文献
18.
The Gardner equation is an extension of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. It exhibits basically the same properties as
the classical KdV, but extends its range of validity to a wider interval of the parameters of the internal wave motion for
a given environment. In this paper, we derive exact solitary wave solutions for the generalized Gardner equation that includes
nonlinear terms of any order. Unlike previous studies, the exact solutions are derived without assuming their mathematical
form. Illustrative examples for internal solitary waves are also provided. The traveling wave solutions can be used to specify
initial data for the incident waves in internal waves numerical models and for the verification and validation of the associated
computed solutions. 相似文献
19.
在反射波地震勘探中,能观测到输入大地中的地震波在介质的分界面上的反射,这些反射组成的时间序列就是地震记录,而记录上所显示的反射序列可以看作是地下介质的脉冲响应。TEM电磁波场源同样存在二次波和透射波,从电磁波和弹性波在介质中传播的相似性角度认识,存在二次场拟地震解释的条件。其中,对它们的反射系数函数的对比分析,是认识两者有机地联系的关键。本文就是基于上述理论,运用解释地震资料的方法解释电磁法资料。 相似文献
20.
The propagation velocity of certain elastic waves (so-called surface waves) in vertically inhomogeneous materials is dispersive. The dispersion determination is however frequently ambiguous. To verify the signal analysis reliability and to estimate the dispersive character of the waves an algorithm for dispersive waveform calculation was designed. It is based on the summation of frequency components, with shifts corresponding to the velocity dispersion and distance. The knowledge of physical parameters of the medium is not required. The resulting waveform only contains an individual dispersive wave of the selected mode, thus being particularly suitable for testing of methodologies for dispersive wave analysis. 相似文献