共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Brian Huntley 《Quaternary Research》1990,33(3)
The degree of analogy between fossil and contemporary pollen spectra in Europe has been investigated using the chord-distance dissimilarity measure. No-analog pollen spectra represent vegetation without a modern analog and hence, by inference, represent macroclimatic conditions different from any occurring in the region today. Such spectra have minimum chord distances that exceed a threshold value assessed using contemporary samples from the same and different vegetation u units. Contoured maps of minimum chord distance portray the changing patterns of analogous and no-analog pollen spectra, and hence vegetation units, since 13,000 yr B.P. No-analog vegetation units have been extensive in some regions for much of the Holocene, persisting as recently as 1000 years ago in many areas. The chord-distance measure has also been used to explore the patterns, extent, and rates of change in European pollen spectra since 13,000 yr B.P. Pollen spectra changed rapidly during late-glacial and early Holocene times and during the last millennium. Paleoclimatic changes have brought about the major changes in the Holocene paleovegetation of Europe. Human impact upon European vegetation has obscured neither the contemporary relationship between pollen spectra and vegetation nor the climatically determined long-term changes of vegetation across the continent since 13,000 yr B.P. 相似文献
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银川平原地下水资源开发与植被变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
植被状况的变化是反映区域性生态环境状况的重要指标。地下水是影响植被变化的主要因素。宁夏地处干旱半干旱地带,是全国生态系统最脆弱的省区之一。2000年后,随着宁夏黄河引水量的减小,水资源的不合理应用使银川平原的生态植被出现了退化的趋势。本文利用MODIS-NDVI遥感数据,对银川平原2000~2004年间的植被变化趋势进行了研究。在此基础上,对引用黄河水量及多年地下水位的变化对植被的影响进行了分析,并对适宜于植被发育的地下水位埋深进行了探讨。 相似文献
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采自青藏高原腹地温泉地区新生代地层中的孢粉组合资料表明:从古新世到早中新世,古植被由早期的针阔叶混交林-森林草原植被向晚期的疏林草原植被演化,古气候也由亚热带暖湿气候向温凉气候演化;从上新世到早更新世,阔叶树种明显减少,而草本植物显著增多,反映气候开始向干冷方向演化;而中更新世晚期以来,出现稀疏草原植被向荒漠草原植被的演化,最终塑造了现代以藜、蒿为主的荒漠草原植被环境。高原腹地生态环境变化揭示了青藏高原自古新世以来至少经历了3次具有生态环境意义的表面隆升事件:古新世—早渐新世沱沱河组冲积扇砾岩沉积以及孢粉组合分析表明,青藏高原在白垩纪末—古新世初已隆升至1000～1500m,高原地形可能是高原(高山)与盆地相间的地貌格局;早中新世五道梁组植被中亚热带成分的显著增高,可能与高原表面隆升诱发高原季风而导致气候湿润有关,推测高原已隆升至2000～2500m;而中更新世晚期以草本植物为主,反映高原植被已经发生了转型,高原已隆升至3000m以上。 相似文献
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Hungry Valley, and arid basin situated within the Transverse Ranges of Southern California, has been utilized by off-road
vehicles (ORVs) since 1971. Loss of vegetation, severe soil erosion and gullying, alluvial fan formation, and increased sediment
discharge are the direct results of ORV activity in the valley. These hydrologic-geologic effects have been documented and
monitored utilizing sequential aerial photographs, ground surveys, and sediment transport measurements. Despite the increased
usage of ORVs on public lands, and the well-documented short-term physical environmental impacts, little data exists on erosion
or sediment transport rates in disturbed vs. adjacent undisturbed areas, the ability of natural vegetation to re-establish
itself, or the feasibility of site rehabilitation techniques or methods. 相似文献
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头社盆地位于中国台湾省中部，东亚季风区的最前沿，对东亚季风的响应十分敏感，研究其中晚全新世以来古植被、重建古气候序列，探讨其气候与东亚夏季风的关系具有重要的科学意义。文章对头社盆地泥炭—湖泊沉积的AMS14C测年、体积磁化率测试的基础上，基于孢粉记录，重建晚全新世来植被变化，恢复古气候。结果表明全新世中晚期以来分六个阶段：6.2~6.0 cal ka BP，气候凉干，植被类型是亚热带常绿阔叶林；6.0~4.0 cal ka BP，气候转暖湿，植被类型为含较多热带成分的亚热带常绿阔叶林；4.0~2.2 cal ka BP，气候相对凉干，植被类型转为亚热带常绿阔叶林；2.2~1.9 cal ka BP，气候又变暖湿；1.9~1.7 cal ka BP，气候快速冷干事件，森林退化；1.7~1.3 cal ka BP，气候重转温暖湿润，植被类型为接近现代的沼泽草原。整体上6.2~2.2 cal ka BP的气候变化是由温暖湿润向温凉干燥转变的趋势，这是全新世中晚期以来的太阳辐射量减少所导致的，太阳辐射量的减少导致热带辐合南移，进而导致东亚夏季风减弱，而2.2 cal ka BP之后气候波动较大，可能是在东亚夏季风减弱的背景下，ENSO活动加强与人类活动的干扰下耦合的结果。 相似文献
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中更新世以来气候转型与陆地植被生态系统演变是近年来全球变化研究领域关注的热点问题。基于华北平原东部G3孔上部的孢粉分析结果、磁性地层年代,对中更新世以来华北平原植被演化及其气候响应过程进行研究。结果显示华北平原地区近1.6Ma以来植被演化可分为4个阶段:1.6~1.2Ma为密度较高的暖温带针阔叶混交林,1.2~0.7Ma为开阔的暖温带落叶阔叶林,0.7~0.3Ma为阔叶疏林草原,0.3Ma以来为暖温带落叶阔叶林。华北平原地区中更新世植被转型期对应O同位素36阶段,显示转型开始发生于1.2Ma,与全球中更新世转型期对应良好。其主要特征表现为林地减少,针叶林比例下降,藜科、蒿属、禾本科等草地面积显著增加。0.7Ma前后华北平原林地进一步退化,区域植被由原来的落叶阔叶林向疏林草原转变,0.3Ma后区域乔木比例可能有所回升。周期性气候变化对植被的影响在花粉谱中也有一定显示,1.2Ma之前主要表现为植被林地类型的交替发展,而1.2Ma则主要表现为草原与森林交替发展。 相似文献
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以青藏高原西南部塔若错的34cm浅湖芯为研究对象,对其沉积物样品进行总有机碳、无机碳、总氮、微量元素、正构烷烃含量及碳氮比等多项指标的分析测定。采用过剩210Pb和137Cs计年法对该湖芯进行了定年和沉积速率研究,获得了近300年的连续湖泊沉积环境序列。在明确了各指标气候环境指示意义的前提下,综合对比分析湖芯中各项气候环境指标,并结合定年结果重建了塔若错湖区近300年来的气候环境变化。结果表明：塔若错湖区气候环境变化可分为3个明显阶段：早期为1705～1778年,该地区气候环境温暖湿润,湖区植被广泛发育;中期为1778～1860年,湖区处于小冰期末次阶段,气候环境寒冷而湿润,植被发育受阻;后期为1860年至今,为小冰期结束后偏暖干化时期。其中,后期又可分为3个亚阶段：1860～1924年,湖区气候环境稍暖且干旱,植被稍有发育;1924～1969年,湖区气候环境呈现偏冷干特点,植被发育暂缓;1969年至今,湖区气候回暖,环境干旱化有所缓解,植被开始逐渐发育。在气候冷暖变化上,该湖芯记录与古里雅冰芯记录和青海湖湖泊沉积记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起讫年代上存在一些差异。 相似文献
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A 13.94-m-long sediment core, collected from a medium-sized lake in the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibetan Plateau, China), was analysed palynologically at 81 horizons. The interpretation of indicator taxa yielded various vertical shifts of the vegetation belts. These palaeovegetation results have been checked with lake surface pollen spectra from 8 lakes representing different altitudinal vegetation belts. Our main findings are the following: A short period of the late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (around ∼46,000 yr ago) was characterized by interglacial temperature conditions with a tree line above its present-day altitude. During the LGM, the vicinity of the lake was not covered by ice but by sparse alpine vegetation and alpine deserts, indicating that the climate was colder by ∼4-7°C than today. Markedly higher temperatures were inferred from higher arboreal pollen frequencies between ∼13,000 and ∼7,000 yr ago with a Holocene temperature optimum and a maximal Picea-Betula mixed-forest expansion between ∼9,000 and ∼7000 yr ago, when temperatures exceeded the present-day conditions by at least 1-2°C. Alpine steppes and meadows and sub-alpine shrub vegetation dominated around the lake since the middle Holocene, suggesting that vegetation and climate conditions were exceptionally stable in comparison to previous periods. 相似文献
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Deposits beneath Mubwindi Swamp provide a partial record of vegetation history since at least 43,000 yr ago. We studied pollen from two cores and obtained nine radiocarbon ages from one of these cores and three radiocarbon ages from the other. Pollen deposited before and soon after the last glacial maximum represents vegetation very different from the modern vegetation of the Mubwindi Swamp catchment. Although species now associated with higher altitudes were dominant some elements of moist lower montane forest persisted, possibly because of favorable soils or topography. The pollen data provides evidence for a late glacial montane forest refuge near Mubwindi Swamp. Moist lower montane forest became much more widespread soon after the glacial maximum. The only irrefutably Holocene sediments from Mubwindi Swamp date to the past 2500 yr. During this time a combination of climatic and human-induced changes in vegetation can be seen in the pollen records. 相似文献
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Ulrich Schweinfurth 《GeoJournal》1992,27(1):73-83
The author deals with the vegetation of the Himalayas taking his 1957 map as basis of the presentation. This map by way of vegetation first opened insigh into the hitherto unknown landscape structure of the mountain system, thereby revealing, for instance, the phenomeon of the inner valleys and the climatically dry valleys, in particular as well as the areas vegetationwise still unknown. Progress in our knowledge of the vegetation in the Himalayas since publication of the 1957 map is carefully recorded showing, above all, the advancement of our knowledge in Nepal since. In contrast to expectations, research was unable to concentrate on all the gaps in our knowledge as demonstrated on the 1957 map owing to political conditions prevailing. 相似文献
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近22年长江源区植被覆盖变化规律与成因 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用GIMMS-NDVI遥感数据以及植被类型等专题信息,结合遥感图像处理以及地理信息系统技术,统计分析了1982—2003年长江源地区时间和空间上植被覆盖变化规律,并分析了植被覆盖变化的地形地貌因素与人为因素影响。结果表明:近22a,长江源植被覆盖呈总体增加趋势,而高寒草甸退化较严重,喜湿植被退化快于耐干旱植被,植被的生存环境趋于干旱化。研究结果表明,植被退化受到海拔、坡向、人类活动和地下水位的影响。海拔4400～4600m的较低海拔地带退化最强烈,主要为高寒草甸与高寒沼泽草甸受牧业影响较大;牧业影响半径为24km;道路的影响范围为24km,道路的修建加速了人类对高原植被的破坏作用;阳坡植被呈现趋于稳定和退化的趋势,阴坡植被表现为增长的趋势,降水量增加是源区植被,尤其是阴坡植被变好的重要原因,而太阳光照增强是导致阳坡干旱和植被趋于退化的潜在原因;近河床区地下水位埋深较浅,植被生长具有稳定的地下水源;在远离河床的一定区域内,地下水易于疏干,植被易于退化,河流影响范围为24km。 相似文献
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植被和活动层水热关系是青藏高原冻土生态环境的重要组成部分,对气候变化和工程活动积极响应,是目前全球变化研究的热点之一.为了解植被差异对活动层水热过程的影响,以场地监测和植被调查数据为基础,分析了黄河源区高温高海拔多年冻土区同一地貌单元内局地条件相似而植被差异显著的3个场地活动层温度和水分变化.初步结果表明:植被盖度较低时,活动层水分含量也低,且含水量高值区趋于中下部;植被盖度较高时,冷季地气温差和温度位移都减小,暖季地气温差增大;随着植被盖度增大,冻融开始和结束时间明显滞后,冻融持续时间延长.初步揭示了黄河源区地表植被对活动层水分和温度的影响过程,对研究和保护高寒生态环境稳定具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Abdalla Ahmed Ahmed Dr. 《GeoJournal》1982,6(1):5-14
This study attempts to relate vegetation distribution to land use history in Jebel Marra, the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. There are evidences that most,if not all, of the woody vegetation communities in Jebel Marra have been derived from some more complex types by continuous disturbance ssince antiquity. Here past and contemporary land use types are described and associated to woody plants distribution. Empirical stratified sampling methods of plant geographers and ecologists are applied to both natural and artificial systems. Frequencies, densities and diversities for all woody plant communities are estimated by standard ecological indices. It was found that throughout known history woody plant communities were subjected to different degrees of suppression. Thus, the present distribution of the woody plant communities reflects the different stages as well as modes of suppression. Drastic population movements and the resulting changes in land use types since antiquity, seem to be the chief explanation behind the variations in modes of suppression. 相似文献
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第四纪冰期与间冰期旋回的形成过程，及其陆生植被系统的响应及演化过程是研究地质时期全球变化的重点问题，本文通过对华北地区北部LN1钻孔的121个高质量孢粉数据重建了过去3 Ma以来的区域植被演化过程。研究结果显示，区域植被经历了4个主要发展过程，约3~2 Ma气候相对温暖湿润，主要为以松、桦、栎、胡桃、榆等组成的落叶阔叶林；约2 Ma，区域植被急剧变化，主要表现为针叶林扩张，阔叶林比例的减少，在2~1. 2 Ma转变为以松、云杉、桦为主的针阔叶混交林。在中更新世全球气候转型期，区域植被再次发生迅速改变，在约1. 2~0. 7 Ma转变为稀树的灌丛草原，0. 7 Ma以后区域气候进一步干旱化，在最近0. 7 Ma内区域环境转变为典型草原为主的植被景观。区域的植被变化反映了华北平原区近3 Ma以来整体上呈现出干旱化与寒冷化的趋势，其中2. 0 Ma，1. 2 Ma， 0. 7 Ma气候事件最为突出。上述结果反映了华北地区植被的演变过程及季风降水的逐渐减少与北极冰盖在近3 Ma以来的迅速扩张期同步对应。 相似文献
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末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地气候与环境变化研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏高原东北部共和盆地气候与环境变化文献分析认为:末次盛冰期(14 C年龄14ka BP或16cal ka BP之前)地层沉积主要为风成砂和黄土,冰缘地貌发育,气候寒冷干燥,植被可能为干旱荒漠或荒漠草原;末次冰消期(14 C年龄14ka BP或16 cal ka BP-Younger Dryas,缩写YD事件)地层发育古土壤,湖泊水位明显上升,并显著的捕捉到冷暖事件(Blling-Allerd,缩写B/A、YD)的信息,气候趋于温暖湿润,对应植被为荒漠草原;全新世8.5ka BP(14 C年龄)之前区域温度和湿度不同程度增加,湖泊水位较高,地层发育古土壤,植被为荒漠草原或干草原;8.5～7.0ka BP(14 C年龄)风成砂出现,古土壤发育中断,气候寒冷干燥,为全新世新冰期第一期;7.0～3.0ka BP(14 C年龄)古土壤显著发育,高水位湖面出现,水热组合达到全新世最佳,植被向干草原方向演化,但期间也存在千–百年尺度的冷事件(全新世新冰期第二期);3.0ka BP(14 C年龄)以来气候向温凉(寒冷)干燥方向发展.太阳辐射等外部因素变化并触发地球系统内部各个圈层之间相互作用是区域气候、环境变化的主要驱动力.同时,对研究现状进一步剖析,阐明其存在的问题,并提出气候、环境变化研究的发展方向. 相似文献
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Shulin Liu Tao Wang Jian Guo Jianjun Qu Peijun An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(7):1459-1466
Dynamic change of vegetation in northern China from 1998–2007 was explored, based on SPOT-VGT data. The results showed that
the NDVI can effectively monitor vegetation change, but also the mean multi-year NDVI maximum of 0.10 basically can be considered
as the threshold of vegetation cover in northern China, and those places with smaller than or equal to the threshold value
mainly were covered by deserts, Gobi and lakes, salinization lands, glaciers, snow patches and bare mountains, etc. The change
trends of vegetation where sub-region C and D were affected by east-Asia monsoon were similar with the characteristics of
first decreasing, later increasing and finally slowly decreasing; the difference lies in that sub-region C maintained a lower
vegetation state, and sub-region D reached a higher state. The vegetation change of sub-region A was anomalous with smaller
fluctuation. The change trend of vegetation of sub-region B was not only extremely unstable, but also the change extent was
huge. As far as the whole of northern China is concerned, vegetation has not demonstrated obvious improvement since these
ecological construction and protection projects, and the area of vegetation degradation still is much larger than that of
vegetation improvement from 1998 to 2007, but there was a bigger spatial difference. Field investigation and remote sensing
monitoring reveal that vegetation has obviously been improved in the agro-grazing mixing zone and to the south, as well as
many oases in the northwestern arid zone, while vegetation still has worsened in the steppes, especially the Ulanqab steppe,
Hunshandake Sandy Land, the region along the Sino–Mongolia border within Xilingol Meng, Hulunbeir Sandy Land and the northern
Tianshan mountain region in Xinjiang. Human activities only obviously showed success in local regions. The compelling challenges
of restoring the eco-environment are still immense, especially in the northern grazing zone of China. 相似文献
20.
张立原 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(1):222
中国黄土-古土壤序列记录了距今约2.6 Ma以来的环境变迁。孢粉作为恢复植被演替的敏感指标,被广泛用于古植被重建,但是针对高原中部地区长时间尺度植被演替历史的孢粉学研究还较缺乏。通过对黄土高原洛川剖面S5以来的黄土-古土壤序列开展较高分辨率的孢粉学工作,揭示出该区约0.6 Ma以来的植被演化历史。孢粉谱分析表明,洛川地区0.6 Ma以来以温带草原植被为主,不支持塬区历史时期存在大范围落叶阔叶林的观点。现代黄土高原缺少森林植被主要是由自然原因引起,因此塬区的现代生态恢复应以退耕还草为主。 相似文献