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1.
基于残余强度修正的岩石损伤软化统计本构模型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩石随着围压的增大,残余强度的增加幅度比峰值强度大,残余强度逐渐成为影响岩石全应力-应变曲线峰后段的主要因素,因此,建立岩石损伤软化统计本构模型时,对残余强度进行修正是非常必要的。基于岩石应变强度理论以及岩石微元强度服从Weibull随机分布的假设,考虑岩石峰后残余强度对损伤变量进行修正,在微元破坏符合Hoek-Brown屈服准则条件下,建立了能够反映岩石峰后软化特征的三维损伤统计本构模型;依据岩石试验全应力-应变曲线的几何特征,推导出本构模型参数的数学表达式,并基于花岗岩室内试验数据对模型参数进行探讨,研究了Weibull分布参数与本构模型的关系,探讨了损伤修正系数的取值和岩石累积损伤的扩展过程;将建立的本构模型理论曲线与4种岩石（斑状二长花岗岩、细晶大理岩、砂岩和粉砂质泥岩）不同围压下的常规三轴压缩试验曲线进行对比分析,结果表明,该模型能很好地描述岩石破裂过程的全应力-应变关系和表征岩石残余强度特征。这对于岩石损伤软化问题以及岩石加固处理措施的研究均具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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为建立能够反映深部岩石变形全过程模拟方法,首先,针对强度准则的适用性条件建立了深部岩石强度准则,并在此基础上提出了深部岩石微元强度度量方式,同时,引入统计损伤理论,考虑损伤阀值对岩石损伤度量的影响,从而建立了统计损伤本构模型;其次,根据岩石三轴试验曲线特征给出了模型参数的确定方法,并在峰值应力和峰值应变分别与围压之间的关系基础上,建立了能够反映不同围压下岩石变形的统计损伤本构模型;最后,将试验曲线与本文模型的预测结果进行比较分析。研究结果表明:本文模型不仅能够反映深部岩石的变形过程,还能较好地反映岩石强度随围压变化的特性,表明了本文模型与方法具有一定的合理性和可行性。 相似文献
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基于新型损伤定义的岩石损伤统计本构模型探讨 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
针对几何损伤理论中损伤定义的局限性与不足,对岩石损伤定义进行了改进;在此基础上,将在应力作用下的岩石材料抽象为破坏与未破坏两部分,并根据这两部分不同的受力情况,建立出新型损伤模型;其次,利用统计损伤理论,建立出岩石统计损伤演化方程,进而建立起基于特定围压下的岩石损伤统计本构模型;然后,通过探讨模型参数与围压的经验关系,对模型进行合理修正,从而建立了反映不同围压条件下的岩石损伤统计本构模型,并通过探讨模型参数的物理意义,初步建立了反映岩石软化与硬化特性相互转化的临界物理力学参数的确定方法。该模型能够反映岩石软化与硬化特性相互转化的特征,与试验结果进行比较分析表明,该模型与实测结果吻合良好。 相似文献
4.
为了研究花岗岩在不同围压、不同应变率下的动力学特性与本构行为,利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）,对其进行了试验测试,并将损伤统计理论引入鲍埃丁模型,对所得到的本构模型与试验数据进行拟合分析,进而探讨模型中各参数对应力-应变曲线的影响。结果表明:围压和应变率都能提升花岗岩的抗压强度,两者均与试样动态强度增长因子呈正相关,且围压的存在提高了岩石的塑性特性,应力-应变曲线上出现塑性屈服平台;主动围压下,试样的弹性模量有一定的提高,但总体上未见明显的率效应和围压效应;本文所构建的模型预测结果与不同围压下试样的应力-应变曲线均有较高的吻合度,可为相关工程设计与施工提供一定参考。 相似文献
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为探索不同冻融循环次数和围压作用对季节冻土区路基土在不同含水率条件下的应力-应变关系及损伤机理,以辽宁阜新市某公路区间为试验路段,采用环刀法选取试验路段路基土样,通过冻融循环及三轴压缩试验,得到在不同冻融循环次数及围压作用下路基土的应力-应变曲线变化规律;根据损伤力学及统计学原理,将Weibull分布与Lemaitre有效应力原理相结合,建立了季节冻土区路基土损伤本构模型。结果表明:冻融循环作用可导致路基土试件强度降低,且随着试件含水率的增加,应力-应变曲线呈现由应变软化逐渐表现为应变硬化特征,试件最优含水率为应变软化与应变硬化的分界点;随着围压的增大试件强度增加,在冻融循环次数较少且围压较低时,试件的应力-应变曲线出现峰值应力,曲线表现出应变软化特征,在冻融循环次数较多且围压较大时容易出现应变硬化现象;经对比分析,所建立的损伤本构模型与试验应力-应变曲线吻合度较好,且模型所需参数均可通过三轴试验获得,说明该模型能够较好地描述季节冻土区路基土的应力-应变关系,具有实用性。另由试验结果可知,为降低东北地区冻融循环作用对季节冻土区路基强度的影响,提前做好路基的防排水工作对于路基冻融病害防治是非常重要的。 相似文献
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为完善高温条件下的岩石损伤本构模型及参数确定方法,基于有效应力理论,引入Weibull分布函数,在微元体强度服从Hoek-brown准则的条件下,考虑残存强度影响,对损伤变量修正,引入损伤修正系数,建立了能够反映高温作用下的岩石损伤特征统计本构模型。考虑岩石损伤过程中的损伤阈值因素,对本构模型采用分段函数的形式。通过试验,获取常规力学参数,依据本构模型参数求解过程,确定本构模型参数值,并拟合模型参数值与温度之间的关系。对模型理论曲线进行验证。结果表明：提出的高温岩石统计损伤本构模型理论曲线与试验曲线具有较好地相似性,更加贴近试验曲线,体现了本构模型的合理性。同时模型理论曲线与岩石三轴试验曲线具有较高的吻合度,说明本构模型能够反映出岩石的全应力− 应变曲线特征,能够体现出模型的适用性。模型为岩石强度的估算和岩石热损伤软化问题提供了参考。 相似文献
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针对渤海地区油气资源的开采困难以及现有岩石损伤本构模型的理论体系的不足等问题,该文对渤海岩石取样进行试验研究,根据试验所得参数建立了一种新型的岩石损伤本构模型。首先,利用岩石三轴测试仪对所取岩样进行变温度、变围压测试,获得岩样的全应力-应变曲线,并计算出岩样的泊松比、弹性模量以及最大应力差。其次,利用图解法作莫尔应力圆,确定岩样的黏结力和内摩擦角。最后,根据试验部分数据建立一种新型岩石损伤本构模型。该模型参数少,计算简便,将所建模型的计算结果与试验所得全应力-应变曲线进行验证,验证了所建岩石损伤本构模型的准确性。研究结论可为岩石损伤模型的完善以及现场石油资源的高效开采提供试验和理论支撑。 相似文献
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基于试验的花岗岩渐进破坏本构模型研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对取自大渡河流域大岗山电站的花岗岩进行了系统的试验研究,得到了不同围压下的应力-应变曲线。根据岩样受力过程中内部微裂纹的活动状态,定义了4个特征应力,即闭合应力、起裂应力、破损应力、峰值应力,来反映花岗岩的渐进破坏过程,特征应力也反映了岩石内部的损伤程度。依据特征应力,将试验曲线分为4个阶段,并对每一阶段分别求取变形模量和泊松比。结果表明,变形模量不仅与围压有关,且与岩石的损伤程度有关,而泊松比只取决于岩石的损伤程度。特征应力可由体积应变曲线结合线性回归技术准确求取。在此基础上,提出了一个考虑花岗岩渐进破坏的本构模型。在该模型中,变形参数(弹性模量、泊松比)是应力状态的函数,强度参数（凝聚力、内摩擦角）是塑性变形的函数。将该模型嵌入大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对不同围压下的花岗岩室内压缩试验进行模拟,结果表明,模拟所得的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线的吻合程度较高,模型能反映花岗岩等脆性岩石的峰前非线性力学行为。 相似文献
11.
煤层脉动水力压裂是一项大范围提高煤层渗透率的新技术,但针对脉动应力波在实际地层的传播、扰动规律研究较少。采用交错网格数高阶有限差分法,结合完全匹配层和准静态围压加载两种边界条件,建立了含围压无限大弹性地层脉动水力压裂动静态响应数值模型,并研究了不同加载方式、频率、振幅、围压条件下煤层最小主应力峰值分布规律。研究表明：由于应力波传播及干涉效应,相同围压、振幅条件下脉动压裂增透扰动区域远大于准静态压裂;煤层增透面积随震源频率和振幅的增加而增大,振幅需要克服由围压控制的启动压力才能产生增透区;增透面积与地层主应力成反相关且最小主应力起主导作用,其由3.5 MPa下降至2.0 MPa时,增透面积最高可提升600%。模型可模拟准静态和脉动加载下煤层的力学响应,其结果可为优化脉动水力压裂工艺参数提供指导。 相似文献
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基于塑性损伤的黏土岩力学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一系列三轴压缩试验表明，黏土岩的力学特性与其应力状态相关。主要表现为：围压越大，黏土岩试样应力峰值越大，且峰值出现得越晚。这是因为高围压试样内部微裂纹闭合趋势更加明显，从而对于微裂纹的发展具有一定的抑制作用。但在软化过程中应力的跌落程度受围压影响不大，这是因为软化过程中，不同围压作用下试样内部的微裂纹均逐渐贯通，并发展成同类型的剪切面，对试样力学性能的削弱大致相同。在试验研究基础上，以微裂纹作为损伤基元，引入受应力状态影响的损伤演化方程（因微裂纹的发展受应力变化影响），建立新的本构模型，通过Abaqus及子程序对新模型进行数值实现。模拟结果与试验结果对比表明，该模型可以有效地描述黏土岩的力学特性。研究成果为黏土岩相关地下工程施工提供了更可靠的理论指导。 相似文献
13.
Acoustic emission (AE) technique that is capable of diagnosing the failure process of stressed materials has rarely reported its application to sandy soils subjected to triaxial compression. In this paper, drained triaxial compression tests incorporating with a high-performance AE measurement system were conducted for dry sands with different confining stresses and initial relative densities. Generally, an increased confining stress or initial relative density generates more acoustic emissions, while there also exist exceptions due to different failure patterns. A good resemblance between stress–strain and AE hit rate–strain relations was observed, and power functions between the mechanical parameters and AE hit rate were well established regardless of different confining stresses and initial relative densities. Besides, the behavioral state of yield and peak during compression could be also evaluated by AE hit rate, compared with conventional stress–strain determination. Particularly, the peak AE hit rate is found not always synchronous to but fluctuating at around the peak stress depending on different failure patterns, which might provide beneficial insights into the incipient failure of sands. The present good consistencies suggest that AE characteristics could be used as alternative parameters to evaluate and even predict the mechanical behavior of dry sands.
相似文献14.
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不同围压下灰岩三轴压缩过程能量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对灰岩岩样进行了不同围压下的三轴压缩试验,得到了峰值应力和弹性模量与围压的线性关系式。利用应力-应变曲线拟合了3种围压下应变能与应变的关系式,从而可以求得灰岩在任一轴向应变时的能量值。在考虑岩样对液压油做功的前提下,分析了压缩过程中几个阶段的能量转化方式,解释了高围压条件下岩石破坏更加剧烈的原因。基于裂缝扩展程度影响弹性模量大小的情况,提出了裂缝发展系数F的概念,给出了3种围压下利用轴向应力? 求取F的经验公式,从而可以获得灰岩压缩破坏过程中各阶段的实际岩石力学参数,并且用F值的变化趋势解释了高围压时峰值强度附近出现塑性平台的原因。 相似文献
16.
This paper evaluates the performance of a generalized effective stress soil model for predicting the rate independent behaviour of freshly deposited sands, while a companion paper describes model capabilities for clays and silts. Most material parameters can be obtained from standard laboratory data, including hydrostatic or one‐dimensional compression, drained and undrained triaxial shear testing. A compilation of data on compression behaviour allows for estimation of compression parameters when this type of data is not available. Extensive comparisons of model predictions with measured data from undrained triaxial shear tests shows that the model gives excellent predictions of the transition from dilative to contractive shear response as the confining pressure and/or the initial formation void ratio increases. A parametric study of drained response shows that the model describes realistically the variation of peak friction angle and dilation rate as a function of confining pressure and density when compared with an empirical correlation valid for many sands. The proposed formulation predicts a unique critical state locus for both drained and undrained triaxial testing which is non‐linear over the entire range of stresses and is in excellent agreement with recent experimental data. Overall, the model provides excellent predictions of the stress–strain–strength relationships over a wide range of confining pressures and formation densities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Mechanical Tests on Pervasively Jointed Rock Material: Insight into Rock Mass Behaviour 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
R. Ribacchi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2000,33(4):243-266
Summary
In the exploration phase for the design of an underground cavern in a limestone formation a large number of triaxial compression
tests were carried out on laboratory specimens which were characterized by a variable degree of fracturing. The data were
analyzed to investigate the influence of fracture intensity and of confining stress on the mechanical parameters. In particular,
investigations focused on the relationships between the parameters of the strength criteria, respectively in residual and
peak conditions, on the decay of the Young modulus with stress level in the prepeak phase of the test, and on the brittleness
of the rock in the postpeak phase. The tested rock can be considered as a small-scale model of a jointed rock mass, and the
laboratory data therefore provide useful insight into the mechanical behaviour of rock masses, especially the relationships
between residual and peak strength parameters, which are required in many analytical models and in numerical codes for the
analysis of underground excavations. 相似文献
18.
为了解黄土三轴剪切过程中的微观变化,采用PFC3D建立黄土三轴试验模型,模拟围压分别为0、50、150、300 kPa的三轴剪切试验,并与室内试验进行对比分析。分析结果表明：PFC3D能够较好地模拟出不同围压下从开始到破坏到残余变形整个过程中应力-应变的变化规律,且位移场及接触应力场的变化规律与室内三轴试验宏观现象较一致;发现弹性模量、泊松比及峰值强度与数值模型中微观参数有着密切的联系,如法向刚度kn控制试样宏观弹性模量,kn /ks值控制泊松比,摩擦系数控制峰值强度;通过体应变-轴向应变曲线发现,随着围压的增加应变能增大,试样呈现出由体积膨胀到体积减缩的变化规律。其研究结果为进一步探究黄土的应力-应变性状及抗剪强度特性提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Effect of Temperature on the Strength Parameters at the Plastic Domain for Unconsolidated Sandstones
C. B. Morales-Monsalve I. F. Lara-Restrepo E. F. Araujo-Guerrero G. A. Alzate-Espinosa A. Arbelaez-Londoño A. Naranjo-Agudelo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3537-3549
Heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs are subjected to high temperatures during thermal recovery processes like SAGD and CSS. In-situ temperature state changes throughout these operations may generate variations in the mechanical properties or strength parameters of the rock such as Young and Bulk’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion and dilation angle. This paper presents results about the variation of the elastic modulus and mechanical properties, in both elastic and plastic region due to changes in temperature and effective confining stress for reconstituted samples of Colombian unconsolidated sands. In order to study these changes, several drained triaxial tests are performed in a range of temperature between 50 and 230 °C and a range of effective confining stress between 0.4 and 8.2 MPa, these tests are carried out on reconstituted samples of oil sands recovered in an outcrop in the Magdalena middle valley of Colombia. The experimental results are analyzed with an analytical model based on the constitutive model of Mohr–Coulomb. The analysis is divided in two ways: First, the elastic region is analyzed calculating the variation of the elastic modulus (Young and bulk’s modulus) and the mechanical parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) with temperature and effective confining stress, these calculus are done in the linear zone of the stress–strain curve. Then, the plastic region is analyzed using Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model with a non-associative flow rule in order to represent in a better way the dilatant/contractive behavior of the material, from this analysis is possible to obtain the behavior of the mechanical properties during plastic strains. The stress–strain curves obtained from the triaxial compression tests show that for the highest and medium effective confining stress (8.2 and 4.0 MPa), there is a hardening strain behavior after the yielding point that implies a loose sand behavior under confining conditions. Meanwhile, for lowest effective confining stress (0.4 MPa) the samples show a softening strain, a typical behavior for dense sands under confining conditions. 相似文献