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1.
用X射线衍射方法对不同柱撑浓度条件下制备的HDTMA^ 柱撑蒙脱石系列样品进行研究,结合有机离子的理论空间几何尺寸,提出有机柱撑离子在层间的不同排列展布方式。水平单层排列的HDTMA^ 离子可以有两种不同的排列方式并分别对应于柱撑产物的不同底面间距,水平双层排列虽然也可形成两种不同的排列方式,但是柱撑产物具有相同的底面间距,并用联锁嵌合结构解释了有机离子在水平双层和假三层排列模式下其实际总体高度要低于各单层高度数字之和。  相似文献   

2.
不同链长烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内排列方式的对比   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
选用含不同烷基长链的三种季铵盐——十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DDTMAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TDTMAB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB),对河北钠交换蒙脱石进行了有机柱撑实验,以X射线衍射分析方法对实验产物进行了对比研究。结果表明,由于烷基链中所含的碳原子数目不同,三种长链季铵离子对蒙脱石的柱撑效果不同,DDTMA^ 在蒙脱石层间域内可形成平卧单层、平卧双层和假三层三种不同排列方式;TDTMA^ 与DDTMA^ 在低浓度条件下形成的前两种排列方式相同,而第三种则不同,为倾斜单层排列;HDTMA^ 有机柱撑产物中除了具有前两者的排列方式外,还具有倾斜双层排列方式。不同排列方式的复合产物可以多相共存。此外,随着柱撑剂浓度的增加,三种长链烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内的排列方式及其演化是不同的。  相似文献   

3.
本文以阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,HDTMAB)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.5~2.5CEC)制备了层间季铵盐离子呈单层平卧、双层平卧和倾斜双层排列的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石,并研究了具有不同层间结构的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力以及溶液pH值、温度、对硝基苯酚初始浓度等因素对HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液pH值的升高而升高,这主要受对硝基苯酚在不同pH条件下的离子化程度影响;HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液温度的升高而降低,说明吸附反应是一个放热过程。同时,从单层平卧→双层平卧→倾斜双层,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力明显提高。钠基蒙脱石和低堆垛密度(单层平卧、双层平卧)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈S型,而高堆垛密度(倾斜双层)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈Linear型,表明前者以表面吸附为主,后者以分配作用为主。  相似文献   

4.
采用分子动力学模拟方法,对舍烷基长链阳离子表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱石的层间域内分子环境及烷基长链排列状况进行模拟研究,并考察改性剂负载量与层间域含水量的改变对烷基链排列方式和活动性以及表面活性剂离子中N,C原子的分布状况的影响.1.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在含少量水的情况下(干态),N,C原子均呈双层分布,表明烷基长链为双层平卧排列.含水量的提高(湿态)会导致烷基链从双层分布向在层闻域内均匀分布转变.2.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在舍少量水的情况下(干态),烷基链呈双层倾斜分布于层间域内,烷基链的头部靠近四面体片层.含水量的提高(湿态)对烷基链在层间域内分布状态影响有限,但会导致烷基链整体向层间域中心平面移动,水分子优先占据靠近四面体片层的位置.  相似文献   

5.
单十二烷基磷酸根离子柱撑MgAl水滑石的结构特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过共沉淀法、离子交换法、焙烧还原法制备出单十二烷基磷酸根离子(DDP)柱撑层状复合金属氢氧化物(LDHs)复合物。XRD和FT-IR分析表明,DDP进入到LDHs层间形成柱撑复合物,但采用3种工艺制备的复合物超分子结构有明显的不同:以共沉淀法制备的柱撑复合物层间距为3.15 nm,DDP在LDH层间呈倾斜双层排列,焙烧还原和离子交换法制备的复合物层间距为3.89 nm,DDP在LDH层间呈垂直双层排列。离子交换法制备出的DDP柱撑LDHs复合物中由于LDHs层间存在较强的静电作用力而不能使碳酸根被完全置换出来。  相似文献   

6.
TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC~2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.  相似文献   

7.
C10TAB,C14TAB,C18TAB柱撑蒙脱石层间域有机柱排布研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
用十烷基三甲基溴化铵(C10TAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(C14TAB)和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(C18TAB)制备有机柱撑蒙脱石,并对产物进行X射线衍射表征。研究结果表明:柱化剂的浓度和烷基季铵离子的性质能影响烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间的排布模式。在柱化剂浓度较低时易形成平卧排列,柱化剂达到一定浓度时石蜡型结构方能形成,且直链烷基越长,烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层问越易形成石蜡型倾斜排列。在平卧结构向石蜡型结构转化过程中可出现多种排列共存。  相似文献   

8.
以含不同烷基碳链长度(8、12或16个碳原子)的单/双链阳离子表面活性剂对内蒙蒙脱石样品进行了柱撑改性。用XRD和FTIR方法研究了柱撑改性后干、湿样品的层间微结构和分子环境。单链柱撑样品中,烷基链长度增加,柱撑高度也增大。湿样的柱撑高度大多高于干样品,衍射图峰形更为规整,柱撑结构更为均一;双链柱撑样品也是柱撑高度与烷基链长度正相关,但其湿样品的底面间距反而小于干样品。同时,亚甲基伸缩振动的变化趋势与层间距的变化趋势基本一致,即当烷基链长度或数目增加时,有机蒙脱石层间有机相分子的环境更接近于似固态。  相似文献   

9.
用酸处理及热处理+钠化综合方法,对金云母进行了结构修饰,得到具有低剩余层电荷的金云母,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)对结构修饰金云母进行了有机插层改性。利用X射线衍射、化学成分分析、差热等方法对制得的样品进行了表征。研究了硝酸用量对金云母层间剩余负电荷的影响。结果表明,随着硝酸用量的增加,金云母阳离子交换容量和层间剩余负电荷逐渐减小;硝酸用量也影响有机分子在金云母层间的插层行为,当硝酸用量为100 mL时,有机分子烷基链在层间呈双层倾斜排列;当硝酸用量为150 mL时,烷基链在层间呈单层倾斜排列。  相似文献   

10.
层柱粘土及其在催化反应中的应用   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
层柱粘土是一类新型催化剂材料。它是微孔的固体,结构类似二维分子筛,分布有适合于很多有机反应所需要的催化剂酸性和孔,其层间距大于沸石分子筛的孔径,有利于较大反应物分子的反应,在层柱粘土催化剂作用下,一些催化反应显示出择形选择性。本论述了层柱粘土在有机反应中的应用及其一些示例。规则间层结构的粘土矿物兼有云母的稳定性和膨润土的可膨胀性,是制备稳定性好的层柱粘土的原材料。手性试剂改性的钛层柱粘土可用于不对称氧化反应,为高选择性的新型层柱粘土催化剂的研制提供了有意义的启示。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
正The Kuqa depression deposited thick rock salt,which has a lower density than surrounding rocks.When salt bodies form a certain scale,obvious negative gravity anomalies can be detected in the surface.Therefore,gravitational method can quickly obtain the shape,plane distribution of deep-seated salt bodies and overall tectonic morphology of the basin.  相似文献   

16.
正1 Introduction The Pingluoba brine,which characterized as high concentration with sodium,potassium,boron,lithium,and rubidium,possess great development value.The main composition of the brine can be summarized to the  相似文献   

17.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

18.
正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

19.
正Dear Authors and Readers:First of all,on behalf of the new Editorial Board,I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal.This journal,founded in 1922,is the oldest geological journal in China.As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China,it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond.The journal is now indexed by SCI,CA and more than 20 other databases,with an impact  相似文献   

20.
正20141283 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geological Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Nature,Origin and Tectonic Setting of Jinzhou Basin in the South Segment of Xuefeng Orogen(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(4),2013,p.1079-1091,10 illus.,47 refs.)Key words:foreland basins,strike-slip faults,Hunan Province  相似文献   

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