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1.
大兴安岭哈拉哈河—淖尔河地区第四纪火山活动初步研究   总被引:16,自引:11,他引:5  
大兴安岭中部哈拉哈河-淖尔河地区受基底断裂控制,发育28座第四纪火山,这些火山总体呈北东向带状分布。研究区第四纪火山岩分布面积约1000km^2,岩性主要为碱性玄武岩。根据喷发时代和火山地质特征,这里的火山大体可分为更新世和全新世两期。按照火山作用方式不同,区内火山可分为岩浆成因和射汽岩浆成因两类:前者活动产物主要包括火山碎屑锥、碎屑席、熔岩流,其中发育结壳熔岩、渣状熔岩、块状熔岩,以及喷气锥、熔岩冢等火山地质现象;后者产物主要是射汽岩浆喷发形成的基浪堆积物,其中发育大型平行层理及交错层理。不同的火山作用形成了火山口湖、低平火山口湖、火山堰塞湖和塌陷熔岩湖四种不同规模与形态特征的湖泊,这种水火相容的火山地质现象为阿尔山火山温泉国家地质公园增添了景观。  相似文献   

2.
北部湾涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山地质与喷发历史研究   总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6  
涠洲岛及斜阳岛是北部湾内一对姊妹火山岛,本文采用火山岩K-Ar法,火山岩中砂岩捕掳体光释光法(OSL)和贝壳^14C法分别测定了火山活动的年代,结合火山岩地质特征,将涠洲岛火山活动初步划分为早-中更新世(1.42Ma-0.49Ma)和晚更新世末期(36ka-33ka)两期。早-中更新世溢流玄武质熔岩盾造就了涠洲岛及斜阳岛,从涠洲岛横路山锅盖岭盾形火山锥溢出的熔岩流向四周漫流,形成涠洲岛中心高四周低的盾形火山地形,其晚阶段球状风化玄武岩沿涠洲岛潮间带分布。晚更新世末期涠洲岛南湾火山和斜阳岛斜阳村火山射气岩浆喷发,间有岩浆喷发,形成典型的低平火山口和巨厚基浪堆积几乎覆盖两岛,经历了海蚀作用,塑造了两岛现代地貌景观。  相似文献   

3.
长白山火山活动历史、岩浆演化与喷发机制探讨   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
广义的长白山火山在我国境内包括著名的天池火山、望天鹅火山、图们江火山和龙岗火山,是我国最大的第四纪火山岩分布区。图们江火山和望天鹅火山活动都始于上新世,喷发活动分别介于上新世—中更新世(5.5~0.19 Ma)和上新世—早更新世(4.77 ~2.12 Ma)。天池火山和龙岗火山属于第四纪火山,喷发活动从早更新世(~2 Ma)持续到全新世。图们江火山岩为溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩,望天鹅火山、天池火山和龙岗火山母岩浆都是钾质粗面玄武岩,但经历了不同的演化过程。天池火山和望天鹅火山都经历了钾质粗面玄武岩造盾、粗面岩造锥和晚期碱性酸性岩浆(碱流岩和碱性流纹岩)的喷发;龙岗火山来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆则未经演化和混染直接喷出地表。图们江火山岩以溢流式喷发的拉斑玄武岩为主,少量玄武质粗安岩等。天池火山造盾之后,地壳岩浆房和地幔岩浆房具互动式喷发特点,来自地幔的钾质粗面玄武岩浆一方面在天池火山锥体内外形成诸多小火山渣锥,另一方面持续补给地壳岩浆房发生岩浆分离结晶作用和混合作用,分别导致双峰式火山岩分布特征和触发千年大喷发。火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪揭示,长白山东(图们江火山、望天鹅火山和天池火山)、西(龙岗火山)两区显示地幔非均一性,东区岩浆源区具有软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔混合特征,西区岩浆源区具有相对亏损的较原始地幔特征。西太平洋板块俯冲—东北亚大陆弧后引张是长白山火山活动的动力学机制。  相似文献   

4.
长白山天池火山粗面玄武岩的喷发历史与演化   总被引:18,自引:11,他引:18  
本文新提出的年代学和岩石化学结果,进一步从天池火山与区域火山活动的关系,论述了天池火山造盾、造锥历史和岩浆结晶分异转型的时间约束,早更新世早期(2Ma前)开始粗面玄武岩的造盾,早更新世晚期(约1Ma)粗面玄武岩向粗安岩、粗面岩演化,中更新世是粗面岩造锥的主阶段,到了晚更新世(约0.1Ma)粗面岩向碱流岩演化。在中-晚更新世来自地壳岩浆房的粗面岩、碱流岩造锥过程中,来自地幔的粗面玄武岩浆喷发活动始终没有间断过。由于来自地幔粗面玄武质岩浆持续向地壳岩浆房补给,所以天池火山是一座长寿命的火山。岩浆的结晶分异作用和混合作用是天池火山岩浆演化的两个最重要过程,前者形成天池火山双峰式火山岩分布特征,后者成为天池火山喷发的触发机制。天池火山在晚更新世-全新世碱流质岩浆主喷发期兼有少量玄武质粗安岩、粗安岩或粗面质岩浆的交替喷出,揭示了天池火山的地壳岩浆房熔体的分层结构特点,由于来自地幔粗面玄武质岩浆注入地壳岩浆房,导致不同层位岩浆的扰动和混合作用,触发天池火山的喷发。  相似文献   

5.
龙岗火山群单成因火山作用   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
长白山区龙岗火山群内分布有100多座由玄武质岩渣锥、熔岩流、低平火山口等火山结构组成的新生代火山。单成因火山作用决定着龙岗火山区内火山结构与规模,这对指导当地减轻火山灾害工作也有一定意义。  相似文献   

6.
龙岗火山群第四纪爆破式火山作用类型与期次研究   总被引:4,自引:8,他引:4  
龙岗火山群位于吉林省辉南和靖宇县境内的龙岗山脉中段。火山活动始于新近纪,第四纪更新世为鼎盛期,全新世以来仍有较强的喷发活动,是中国近代活动火山区之一。火山碎屑物的堆积构造、组成、显微形貌和粒度特征表明,第四纪爆破式火山作用包括岩浆爆发、射汽一岩浆爆发和射汽爆发三种类型,以岩浆和射汽-岩浆爆发最为发育。区内爆破式火山活动具有多旋回、多期次、多阶段喷发特点。据火山地质特征,可划分为9期,由老至新为:早更新世早期、晚期;中更新世三角龙湾期、旱龙湾期和金龙顶子早期;晚更新世金川东期;全新世大翁圈期、红期林场期和金龙顶子晚期。爆破式火山灾害的范围较大,岩浆爆发中高危区的半径约10km。射汽-岩浆爆发影响的半径约4km。  相似文献   

7.
火山射气岩浆喷发作用研究进展   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
孙谦  樊祺诚 《岩石学报》2005,21(6):1709-1718
射气岩浆喷发是一种特殊类型的火山活动,水在这类火山活动中起到至关重要的作用,且其喷发产物——低平火山口和基浪堆积物在我国乃至全世界都有广泛的分布。国际上对射气岩浆喷发的研究始于1921年,迄今为止已有80余年的历史。国内外许多学者运用火山地质学、岩石学、沉积学、物理火山学及数值模拟等多学科研究手段,对射气岩浆喷发作用及其产物进行详细的野外观测描述,并探讨其成因机制。本文在前人研究基础上,以我国南方北部湾周边第四纪火山区大量存在的射气岩浆喷发成因的低平火山口和基浪堆积物为研究对象,深入讨论了基浪堆积物的地质特征、射气岩浆喷发形成的基本条件、喷发过程的动力学机制以及基浪流的搬运过程等几方面重要问题,并对已有的研究成果进行了概括和总结,提出有待解决的难点,揭示了这类火山活动特有的属性。  相似文献   

8.
龙岗火山喷发特征与火山岩化学初步研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
隋建立  樊祺诚  曹杰 《地质论评》1999,45(7):319-324
龙岗火山是中国少数几个近代仍有喷发的活动火山区之一,在1700多平方千米火山区内形成100多个玄武质岩浆爆炸成因的火山锥和低平火口湖(龙湾),并有约1600 a BP喷发的金龙顶子活火山。龙岗火山岩是单一的粗面玄武岩,具有一致的化学成分,表明岩浆上升过程中很少演化,推测龙岗火山岩来自同源地幔岩浆。  相似文献   

9.
大兴安岭北段诺敏河第四纪火山24座,分布于诺敏河及其支流毕拉河和甘河支流奎勒河,火山岩分布面积约600km2。诺敏河火山岩均属于钾质系列火山岩(K2O含量2%~4%,且K2O>Na2O-2%),类似于邻区五大连池-科洛钾质火山岩,具有来自类似的富钾地幔源区。但诺敏河火山岩的K2O含量明显低于五大连池-科洛火山岩的K2O含量(一般4%~6%)。东北地区和内蒙东部处于中亚造山带东段,从古生代到新生代,多重构造-岩浆活动导致火山岩源区地球化学非均一性和火山岩的多样性。根据本文提出的火山岩K-Ar年龄(2.3~0.128Ma)及火山地质特征,可将诺敏河第四纪火山岩分为四期。早期(早更新世)火山活动主要沿诺敏河和奎勒河流域分布,火山产物多被晚期沉积物或火山产物所覆盖。中更新世保留的火山锥体及熔岩流是诺敏河第四纪火山产物的主体,表明是第四纪火山活动的高潮期。晚更新世-全新世火山活动限于毕拉河流域,典型的四方山火山和马鞍山火山是该时期火山活动的代表作,保留了较完好的火山地质地貌特征。从火山产物的时空展布,推测诺敏河第四纪火山活动有从东向西发展的趋势。  相似文献   

10.
随着全球火山研究的深入,地质学家在大多数火山群中均发现了特殊成因的玛珥式火山。以低平火山口和低矮锥体著称的玛珥式火山主要由具有爬升层理、平行层理、大型低角度交错层理等结构构造的基浪堆积物组成,是火山喷发演化过程研究的重要对象。近年来,在内蒙古东部的诺敏河、阿尔山-柴河和阿巴嘎火山群中也先后发现了典型的玛珥式火山及基浪堆积物。本文从野外火山地质特征着手,以火山学与火山地质学理论为指导,结合国内外玛珥式火山的研究成果,对内蒙古东部晚第四纪玛珥式火山的分布、产物和结构构造等火山地质特征进行了归纳总结,将其大致划分为3个喷发期次,分别是以基浪堆积物为主的射汽-岩浆爆发、以降落-溅落堆积物为主的岩浆喷发和以碱性橄榄玄武岩为主的岩浆溢流期次。复合火山的活动时代总体属于晚更新世,其中玛珥式火山的形成时代为晚更新世早中期。通过分析研究区的地层、火山产物和区域断裂构造等地质特征,推断射汽-岩浆爆发的深度较浅,并进一步探讨了玛珥式火山的成因机制,模拟其喷发演化过程,认为玛珥式火山与斯通博利式、夏威夷式等类型火山具有继承性演化关系。  相似文献   

11.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

12.
The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.  相似文献   

13.
正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style  相似文献   

14.
正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue.  相似文献   

15.
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new  相似文献   

16.
正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and  相似文献   

17.
正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment  相似文献   

18.
正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and  相似文献   

19.
正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important  相似文献   

20.
In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become "stay mine". Features of refi'actory gold ores are: gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid (alkali) oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.  相似文献   

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