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1.
以康定老榆林地区地热系统为研究对象,利用TOUGH-Isotope程序进行水-热-同位素耦合数值模拟,并鉴于研究区大气降水氢氧同位素季节性明显、地震活动活跃,探讨了补给水同位素特征、热储层渗透性变化对地热系统氢氧同位素迁移过程的影响.研究结果表明氢氧同位素模拟值与研究区ZK3钻孔流出水测试值基本拟合,高温地热系统的对流-弥散作用对氢氧同位素迁移过程影响明显;研究区地热水循环条件较好,水-岩作用程度较低,导致氧同位素重化现象不明显;补给水同位素特征、热储层渗透性两个因素对地热水循环过程中的氢氧同位素分布具有明显的影响.开展地热系统流体氢氧同位素迁移过程研究,有助于提高对地热系统动态演化的定量化认识,为地热开发提供支持. 相似文献
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基于国外大量硼同位素示踪的地热研究实例,在先期建立的MC-ICP-MS测定水中硼同位素分析方法基础上,以羊八井地热田为研究对象,进行了热田地热流体的硼同位素地球化学初步研究。研究表明,羊八井地热田区热储流体的硼同位素值为 -10.5‰～-9.1‰,为非海相来源; 结合区域地质特征,研究认为热储内的硼组分来源于蚀变花岗岩围岩,并且蚀变花岗岩的硼同位素特征可能与深层地热流体相似。研究表明羊八井浅层热储内硼元素的地球化学行为并非完全是保守元素,存在着一定的硼同位素分馏。在端元硼同位素特征差异较小的羊八井热田,为硼同位素二元混合模型示踪水体混合过程带来了相当的复杂性。本文从热田开采过程与采样时间、水-岩相互作用、气-液相分离以及结垢过程等方面分析了浅层热储内引起硼同位素分馏的可能因素,其中从整体来看,气-液相分离过程的影响相对较大;而在个别井位水-岩相互作用与结垢的影响可能相对较为显著。 相似文献
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增强型地热系统(EGS)是采用人工形成地热储层的方法,从低渗透性岩体中经济地采出深层热能的人工地热系统。以CO2为载热流体的增强地热能系统(CO2-EGS)是实现CO2减排和深部地热资源开发的有效手段,系统运行时的水-岩-气相互作用对热储层孔渗特征有着重要影响,最终会影响储层的产热能力。笔者利用高温高压反应釜模拟CO2-EGS高温下的热储层-盐水-CO2的相互作用,通过对实验中反应液离子成分变化和岩样扫描电镜进行分析,结果表明:实验后的钾长石和方解石出现溶解现象,且方解石溶蚀剧烈;岩样表面出现极少量次生方解石和钠长石,并有新矿物析出,其主要组成元素为C、O、Si、Fe,为菱铁矿的中间产物。通过TOUGHREACT建立反应性溶质运移模型,模拟上述实验的化学反应过程,模拟结果和实验数据拟合较好。该研究可为CO2-EGS的水-岩-气作用机制提供地球化学数据。 相似文献
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增强型（或工程型）地热系统（简称EGS）是指从地下3~10km低渗透岩体中经济开采深层地热的人工热能系统,作为目前地热领域的重要发展方向,其研究受到发达国家的高度重视,但我国还基本处于空白。在EGS运行过程中,高温岩体及裂隙受到温度场（T）、渗流场（H）、应力场（M）、化学场（C）的耦合作用,其结果直接影响整个系统的设计和运行。本文根据对EGS最基本的物理—化学过程分析,讨论了任意两场之间的相互作用,指出了三场耦合应考虑的重点及四场耦合现阶段研究的不完善性,最后综述了目前国际上用于解决EGS多场耦合问题的模拟软件研究进展。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2021,40(3)
CO_2与水相比,膨胀性大、黏度低、与岩石反应程度低,并且在作为增强型地热系统(EGS)渗流传热流体时,比水具有更高的换热效率。对CO_2-EGS生产过程中储层岩石物性变化的研究具有重要意义,从理论研究、实验研究、数值模拟3个方面,对CO_2基增强型地热系统CO_2-EGS中流体-岩石相互作用的研究现状进行了总结,并且从矿物成分、微观孔结构和力学性质3个方面对储层岩石性质的变化进行了评价。结果表明,CO_2-水-岩石相互作用参与反应的矿物主要为石英、长石类;而沉淀的矿物为蒙脱石、伊利石及方解石等。CO_2-水-岩石相互作用会导致储层岩石的力学性质下降,孔隙结构特征改变。最后,讨论了CO_2作为EGS渗流传热流体仍需攻克的难点问题,包括:CO_2的热动力学特征、换热效率,CO_2-水-岩石的相互作用及其对储层性质的改变,影响CO_2-EGS经济性的因素,以及CO_2-EGS数值模型的研究等。针对这些方面的研究可为今后CO_2-EGS的开发奠定基础。 相似文献
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砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5~0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5~5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55~80℃、90~140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。 相似文献
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砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO_2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5～0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5～5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO_2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55～80℃、90～140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。 相似文献
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地热流体水文地球化学研究是认识地热资源形成机制、赋存环境以及循环机理的有效手段.以我国华北平原典型的中低温地热系统——河北雄安新区为研究对象, 基于不同热储层和浅层地下冷水的水化学及同位素特征, 探讨地热流体中主要组分的地球化学起源, 评估深部地热流体的热储温度, 指示地热系统的深部热源及其成因机制.大气降水入渗、热储高温条件下的流体-岩石相互作用是雄安新区地热流体中主要组分的物质来源, 其中深层雾迷山组地热水中部分组分可能源于古沉积水蒸发浓缩过程中形成的蒸发岩盐的溶滤.雾迷山组地热水适宜利用Ca-Mg温标和石英温标计算其热储温度, 温度范围为76.4~90.6℃, 馆陶组地热水运用石英温标更为合理, 热储温度为66.2~71.3℃.雄安新区地热异常是深部放射性元素衰变热在特定的大地构造背景下聚集而形成. 相似文献
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干热岩(HDR)是指不含或仅含少量流体,温度高于180 ℃,其热能在当前技术经济条件下可以利用的岩体。作为一种重要的非常规地热资源,干热岩的开发利用可以借鉴页岩油气的成功经验,采用相似的技术发展路径,找到“地热甜点”,开发出低成本且高效的钻完井技术,逐步形成和完善技术体系,建立与对象相适应的生产运行模式,以期实现对这种巨大资源的有效开发利用。增强型地热系统(EGS)被认为是干热岩资源开采的一种重要方式。EGS最初被称为工程型地热系统,后来才统称为增强型地热系统,是指通过实施特殊的工程工艺,改善地层储集性能或(和)向地层中注入流体,以实现对地热资源的有效开发。其基本方法原理为在干热岩体内钻两口或多口井,将低温流体通过注入井注入干热岩体的天然裂缝系统,或注入通过压裂技术在钻井之间建立的具有水力联系的人工裂缝中加热,通过吸收干热岩内所蕴含的热能,将流体温度提高到一定程度后从生产井采出至地表或近地表进行利用,形成人工热交换系统,用于发电或取暖等。采用EGS技术开发干热岩地热资源,选区选址恰当与否是能否取得成功的最关键环节之一。中深层地热资源可分为水热型和干热岩型两大类、五亚类。其中,干热岩根据其热储孔渗条件差异又可分为无水优储、无水差储和无水无储三亚类,适合作为EGS开发对象的干热岩资源为其中的无水优储和无水差储两种类型。五类地热资源规模呈金字塔形,开发技术难度逐渐增加。基于由热储埋深、热储温度、热储岩性、热储物性、盖层厚度、盖层断裂发育条件等组成的地质资源条件,由钻探成井技术、储层改造技术、管理运营技术组成的工程技术条件,以及由地热需求和资源经济性组成的经济市场条件三个因素,本文建立了三因素分析与多层次指标分解法相结合的干热岩EGS选区评价方法和关键指标,在国内干热岩资源条件较好的17个候选区中,优选出西藏羊八井高温地热区和渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山分布带作为EGS试验有利区。 相似文献
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Bernard Sanjuan Romain Millot Chrystel Dezayes Michel Brach 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(7-8):546-559
Three deep wells (5000 m) have been drilled into a fractured granite basement at Soultz-sous-Forêts, within the Tertiary Rhine Graben, in order to develop a heat exchanger and produce electricity after the creation of an EGS reservoir. Very few analyses representative of the deep geothermal fluids are available because of frequent contamination by drilling fluids or injected waters. These indicate similar chemical and isotopic compositions (NaCl fluids) and high salinities (about 100 g/l) suggesting a common sedimentary origin and identical water–rock interaction processes at equilibrium temperatures close to 230 °C in a sedimentary rather than a granite reservoir. The latter would be situated closer to the Graben centre where the Triassic Buntsandstein formation is deepest and hottest. Tracer tests conducted after 2000 show that the deep native geothermal brine is omnipresent in the fluids discharged during the production and circulation tests. Its natural convective flux was estimated at 1–1.2 m3/h. 相似文献
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O,H, and Sr isotope evidences of mixing processes in two geothermal fluid reservoirs at Yangbajing,Tibet, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Yangbajing geothermal field with the highest reservoir temperature among Chinese hydrothermal systems is located about
90 km northwest to Lhasa City, capital of Tibet, where high temperature geothermal fluids occur in two reservoirs: a shallow
one at a depth of 180–280 m and a deep one at 950–1,850 m. In this study, Oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope compositions as
well as 87Sr/86Sr ratios of water samples collected from geothermal wells, cold springs and surface water bodies were characterized to understand
the genesis of geothermal fluids at Yangbajing. The results show that the deep geothermal fluid is the mixing product of both
magmatic and infiltrating snow-melt water, whereas the shallow geothermal fluid is formed by the mixing of deep geothermal
fluid with cold groundwater. Using a binary mixing model with deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater as two endmembers,
the mixing ratios of the latter in most shallow geothermal water samples were calculated to be between 40 and 50%. The combined
use of O, H, and Sr isotopes proves to be an effective approach to depict the major sources of geothermal fluids and the mixing
processes occurring in two reservoirs at Yangbajing. 相似文献
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Comprehensive data on the chemical composition of reservoir rocks and geothermal brines from the geothermal well doublet Groβ Schönebeck (North German Basin) drilled into a Rotliegend sedimentary and Permo-Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoir were sampled over the past years. They were characterized with respect to their major and minor elemental composition including various isotope ratios. The study considered the impact of drilling and reservoir operations on fluid composition and aimed at determining fluid–rock interactions to gain information on fluid origin and hydraulic pathways.The highly saline fluids (up to 265 g/L TDS) show δ 18O and δD of water (2.7–5.6 and −3.1–15, respectively) as well as δ 34S of sulfate (3.6–5), and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.715–0.716) that resemble Rotliegend brines from an area located around 200 km in the west (the Altmark). Halogen ratios indicated that brines developed predominantly by evaporation of meteoric water (primary brine) together with halite dissolution brine (secondary brine). Indication for mixing with Zechstein brine or with younger meteoric water was not found.No geochemical distinction was possible between fluids deriving from different rock formations (dacites or sedimentary rocks, respectively). This is due to the evolution of the sediments from the effusive rocks resulting in a similar mineralogical and chemical composition and due to a hydraulic connectivity between the two types of rock. This connection existed probably already before reservoir stimulation as indicated by a set of faults identified in the area that could connect the Rotliegend formation with both, the volcanic rocks and the lower units of the Zechstein. Additional geochemical indication for a hydraulic connectivity is given by (1) the very high heavy metal contents (mainly Cu and Pb) in fluids and scaling that derive from the volcanic rocks and were that were also found in increased amounts up at the Zechstein border (Kupferschiefer formation). (2) The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of fluid samples correspond to the ratios determined for the sedimentary rocks indicating that initially the fluids developed in the sedimentary rocks and circulated later, when faults structures were created by tectonic events into the volcanic rocks. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1175-1187
Tho Gudui geothermal field records the highest temperature at equivalent borehole depths among the lainland hydrothermal systems in mainland China.Located about 150 km southeast of Lhasa City,the capital of Tibet,the Gudui geothermal field belongs to the Sangri-Cuona rift belt,also known as the Sangri-Cuona geothermal belt,and is representative of the non-volcanic geothermal systems in the Himalayas.In this study,oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope compositions as well as ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of water samples collected from the Gudui geothermal field were characterized to understand the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluids at Gudui.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope plots show both,deep and shallow reservoirs in the Gudui geothermal field.Deep geothermal fluids are the mixing product of magmatic and infiltrating snow-melt water.Calculations show that the magma fluid component of the deep geothermal fluids account for about 21.10%-24.04%;magma fluids lay also be a contributing source of lithium.The linear relationship of the ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr isotopic ratio versus the 1/Sr plot indicates that shallow geothermal fluids form from the mixing of deep geothermal fluids with cold groundwater.Using a binary mixing model with deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater as two end-members,the nixing ratios of the latter in most surface hot springs samples were calculated to be between 5% and 10%.Combined with basic geological characteristics,hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics,strontium concentration,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios,and the binary mixing model,we infer the 6 th-Class Reservoirs Evolution Conceptual Model(6-CRECM) for the Gudui geothermal system.This model represents an idealized summary of the characteristics of the Gudui geothermal field based on our comprehensive understanding of the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluid in Gudui.This study may aid in identifying the geothermal and geochemical origin of the Gudui high-temperature hydrothermal systems in remote Tibet of China,whose potential for geothermal development and utilization is enormous and untapped. 相似文献
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The lithium-rich brine in salt lakes is the main raw material of the world’s lithium products, while the continental geothermal fluids with a high salinity often contain a high concentration of lithium. Continental geothermal system is the focus in the study of geothermal formation mechanism. However, less attention is paid to the system due to the complexity of lithology, and the application of lithium isotopes in this field has not been systematically recognized. The newest application and progress of lithium isotope geochemistry in continental geothermal research in recent years were discussed, the problems in this field were put forward, and future research methods and directions were expected. The study of continental geothermal fluids should attach great importance to the application of Li-B-Sr-U multi-isotopic method, and should also be combined with water-rock reaction experiments under different temperature conditions. Moreover, in the future, the research on continental geothermal system should pay more attention to the various sediment/rock lithium isotopic compositions and their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in the regional or geothermal field’s scales, mineralogy of reservoir rock, and behaviors of lithium isotopes related to the formation of secondary minerals in the process of water-rock interaction, in order to reveal the complex process of fluid evolution in the geothermal system and provide scientific reference for the exploration, exploitation and utilization of lithium resources in the system. 相似文献
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Reconstruction of deep fluid chemical constituents for estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature using chemical geothermometers 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper elaborates the chemical constituent change principles of deep geothermal fluid during the process of upward movement. It summarizes research methods of hydrochemistry, isotope and numerical modelling technique for the physiochemical processes such as decreasing temperature, shallow groundwater infusion, and degassing. The multi-component chemical geothermometry methods including gas geochemical method are discussed. High-temperature geothermal fields in China are mostly located in the southwest with frequent new tectonic movements, especially in Tibet high-temperature geothermal areas. Therefore the paper also focuses the status of high-temperature geothermal fluid research. At last, it’s pointed out in the paper that in the future we can start from typical high-temperature geothermal zones and geothermal fields to explore optimization of the multi-component geothermometry method and use it in the reconstruction and analogue of the formation mechanism and internal relevancy of regional geothermal systems. 相似文献
18.
Li Yasong Liu Chunlei Cao Shengwei Miao Qingzhuang Dong Yan Jiang Zhenjiao 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(6):2211-2218
Low-to-medium temperature geothermal fluids in the granite regions of southeastern China are an important renewable energy resource, but they are also a source of contamination containing highly toxic elements such as fluoride and arsenic. This study analyzed the origin of the geothermal fluids in a regional-scale hydrogeological unit in the city of Xiamen, China, based on isotope and hydrochemical analyses. The Br/Cl ratios suggested that the inland geothermal fluid is merely recharged by rainwater from the mountain edge, while the coastal geothermal fluid is originally recharged by the seawater and later mixed with rain-derived groundwater. The geothermal water featured high SiO2 and detectable Zn concentrations. The former reflects the significant water–granite interaction along the flow path, and the latter indicates the active hydraulic connection between surface waters, shallow aquifers and deep geothermal fluids. High radon content was detected near the deep conductive fault adjacent to a geothermal well, demonstrating that the fault damage zone acts as a major conduit for upward transport of the deep geothermal fluid. As a result, the fault damage zones developed in the granite are necessary for the formation of geothermal water, which leads to the uneven distribution of geothermal water in the subsurface. High-temperature geothermal water can be found in those regions with fairly sparse fault damage zones. In contrast, in the region with high-density fault activities, the active communication between shallow cool water and deep geothermal fluids can decrease the water temperature.
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Schäffer Rafael Götz Emilia Schlatter Nils Schubert Gabriela Weinert Sebastian Schmidt Stefanie Kolb Ute Sass Ingo 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2022,28(2):63-110
As renewable energy, geothermal can contribute substantially to the energy transition. To generate electricity or to harvest heat, high-saline fluids are tapped by wells of a few kilometres and extracted from hydrothermal reservoirs. After the heat exchanger units have been passed by, these fluids are reinjected into the reservoir. Due to the pressure and temperature differences between the subsurface and the surface, as well as the cooling of the fluids in the power plant, unwanted chemical reactions can occur within the reservoir, in the borehole, and within the power plant itself. This can reduce the permeability of the reservoir as well as the output of the geothermal power plant. This study aims to simulate real subsurface reactions using batch and leaching experiments with sandstone or sandstone powder as solid phase, and deionised water or natural brine as liquid phase. It is demonstrated that fluid composition changes after only a few days. In particular, calcite, aragonite, clay minerals, and zinc phases precipitate from the natural brine. In contrast, in particular minerals containing potassium, arsenic, barium, and silica are dissolved. Due to the experimental set-up, these mineral reactions mainly took place on the surface of the samples, which is why no substantial changes in petrophysical properties could be observed. However, it is assumed that the observed reactions on the reservoir scale have a relevant influence on parameters such as permeability.
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