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西藏蛇绿岩的超高压矿物：FeO、Fe、FeSi、Si和SiO2组合及其地球动力学意义 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东段，出露罗布莎蛇绿岩块和豆荚状铬铁矿床。从豆荚状铬铁矿石中查明60－70种伴生矿物，其中包含FeO、Fe、FeSi、Si和SiO2组合。根据超高压－高温实验，该组合应形成于地球外核与下地幔之间的D“层，是地球外核的液态铁与镁硅酸盐钙钛矿（MgSiO3)相互化学反应的产物。西藏该超高压矿物组合揭示了蛇绿岩地幔活动可能深达地球外核。罗布莎蛇绿岩的该矿物组合可能是地幔－外地核之间的产物，或者是被对流作用，亦是被起源于D“层的地幔柱活动带到上地幔的。铬铁矿在地幔中结晶，并捕获了该矿物组合。 相似文献
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位于地下670公里深处的地震不连续带是上、下地幔的分界面,其压强为24GPa,温度为2—3千K。在这样的条件下,上地幔的主要矿物——橄榄石〔(Mg、Fe)_2SiO_4〕、辉石〔(Mg、Fe)SiO_3〕和石榴石〔(Mg、Fe、Ca)_3Al_2Si_2O_2〕将转变为斜方畸变的具钙钛矿结构的〔(Mg、Fe)SiO_3〕矿物或以钙钛矿为主的矿物组合。由于钙钛矿型的硅酸盐至少在70GPa压力下还是稳定的,因而它被认为是下地幔(或许是整个地球)中最主要的矿物。尽管钙钛矿型的硅酸盐很重要,但直到1976年才被发现,而且由于合成这种矿物所需的压力和温度条件很难达到,所以对其物理性质还不甚了解。例如,钙钛矿热膨胀系数对下地幔可能存在的成分模式起着重要的制约作用。最近我们合成了足够量的钙钛矿型的(Mg_0.9,Fe_0.1)SiO_2以便用X射线衍射法测定其在温度达840K时的无压热膨胀。在高温下测得的平均热膨胀系数为4×10~(-6)K~(-1)。这么大的热膨胀系数表明:根据土地幔组分(如地幔岩或石榴石橄榄岩,Mg值≈0.89)的标准模式求得的无压密度,要比推断的下地幔在无压条件下的密度低大纣2%。这一结果显示:上地幔与下地幔的化学性质是不同的;这与地幔热对流的分层模式是一致的。 相似文献
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在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，首次发现由100余种（亚种）矿物组成的地幔矿物群，其中包括：自然元素，合金，氧化物，硫（砷）化物和硅酸盐。根据实验资料，其中一部分是超高压成因矿物。可能来自地球核-幔边界，是地球外核与下地幔底部硅酸盐之间化学反应的产物，另一部分矿物可能来自下地幔，过渡带和上地幔。西藏地幔矿物群，无论在矿物学和地球动力学上均有重要意义。 相似文献
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受时空不可及性的制约,地质学家在探究地球深部物质组成方面仍显得很被动,尤其是在探究地幔物质组成方面显得更加艰难.目前,科学家们探测地幔物质主要依靠地球物理学和实验矿物学、岩石学方法相结合的手段来进行.结果表明,地幔过渡带主要的矿物组成有瓦士利石、林伍德石、超硅石榴子石以及少量的CaSiO3.下地幔主要矿物组成有钙钛矿(Pv)、后钙钛矿(PPv)和镁方铁矿(Mw).在讨论过渡带和下地幔物质组成的基础上,归纳总结了地球内部热源的三种来源,分别是放射性元素的衰变热和初始熔融硅酸盐地球长期冷却放出的热、核幔边界在地磁场和高电导率物质的作用下产生的热以及来自地核的热.这些结论对研究地球深部动力学和热力学过程有重要意义. 相似文献
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据CatherineMcCammon等报道,在巴西Luiz河发现的金刚石中含有一些矿物包裹体,其中有（Mg,Fe,Al）（Si,Al）O3,（Mg,Fe）O,CasiO3和四面体的铁铝-镁铝榴石混合物（tetragonalalmandine－pyropephase,下简称为TAPP）,通过研究其氧化状态,就能了解一些下地幔的信息。含有包裹体的金刚石来自下地幔。通过对其内部包裹体周围的微裂隙检查,包裹体内部矿物压力测定及同位素研究,可以证明金刚石在后来的地质作用中未改变其化学成分。包裹体中的（Mg,Al）（Si,Al）O3在下地幔可能以钙钛矿的形式存在,而TAPP则是其原始相。… 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>根据地幔岩模型,下地幔主要由于布里基曼石[(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Si,Al)O3)]、铁方镁石[(Mg,Fe)O]、Ca-钙钛矿组成。Badro et al.,2003利用X光发射光谱发现,下地幔铁方镁石中的铁在高压下会经历电子的自旋转变[1]。随即发现,铁在下地幔矿物中的自旋转变会带来一系列物理性质的改变,如密度、弹性模量、波速、热传导系数以及电导率等[2]。在过去的十几年中,研究铁在下地幔矿物中的自旋态,以及自旋转变对下地 相似文献
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黑白山镁铁超镁铁岩位于新疆中天山地块与觉罗塔格构造带的分界断裂——阿其克库都克大断裂南侧约4 km处。该岩体主要由阳起石化橄榄辉石岩、辉橄岩、辉石岩、蚀变细粒辉长岩组成,对岩体的主微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,岩体属铁质镁铁超镁铁岩,具低钾拉斑玄武质岩的分异特征;岩石具相对较低SiO2(43.90%~52.80%)、相对富Na2O(0.38%~2.97%),贫K2O(0.11%~0.47%)及Na2O>K2O特征;MgO值变化大且较高(4.25%~32.49%),较高Mg#(63.94~82.98),相对富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N为2.03~5.76),富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,U,La,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ce,Ti,强烈富集Pb,说明岩石具幔源特征和岛弧岩浆特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄(392.7±4.5)Ma表明,该岩体属早泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。Hf同位素等地球化学特征和岩相学显示,岩浆起源于含有早期俯冲洋壳的亏损软流圈地幔,在岩浆演化过程中受到地壳及围岩混染,但混染作用较弱。黑白山岩体的发现为北天山洋在早古生代沿阿其克库都克断裂向南俯冲提供了新的证据。 相似文献
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Jinfu Shu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(1):1-8
We have performed measurements of minerals based on the synchrotron source for single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction,inelastic scattering,spectroscopy and radiography by using diamond anvil cells.We investigated the properties of iron（Fe）,iron-magnesium oxides（Fe,Mg）O, silica（SiO2）,iron-magnesium silicates（Fe,Mg）SiO3 under simulated high pressure-high temperature extreme conditions of the Earth’s crust,upper mantle,low mantle,core-mantle boundary,outer core, and inner core.The results provide a new window on the investigation of the mineral properties at Earth’s conditions. 相似文献
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Reidar G. Trnnes 《Lithos》2000,53(3-4):233-245
Melting experiments were performed on an FeO-rich bulk Earth model composition in the CMFAS system in order to investigate the partitioning of major elements between coexisting minerals and melts. The starting material (34.2% SiO2, 3.86% Al2O3, 35.2% FeO, 25.0% MgO and 1.88% CaO), contained in Re-capsules, was a mixture of crystalline forsterite and fayalite, and a glass containing SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO. Olivine is the first liquidus phase at 10 GPa but is replaced by majoritic garnet (ga) in the 15–26 GPa range. Magnesiowüstite (mw) crystallizes close to the liquidus and is joined by perovskite (pv) at 26 GPa.
The quenched melt compositions are homogeneous throughout the melt region of the charges and are only slightly enriched in Si, Ca and Fe, and depleted in Mg, relative to the starting composition. The Fe/Mg and Ca/Al ratios in all of the minerals increase rapidly below the liquidus to become compatible with the bulk composition at the solidus. At 26 GPa, a relative density sequence of mw>pv>melt>ga is observed. This indicates that majorite floating, combined with the sinking of magnesiowüstite and perovskite can be expected during the solidification of a Hadean magma ocean and in hot mantle plumes early in the Earth's history. The mineral–melt partitioning relations indicate that fractional crystallization or partial melting in the transition zone and the upper part of the lower mantle would increase the Fe/Mg and Ca/Al ratios of the melt, even if magnesiowüstite was predominant in the solid fraction. A significant contribution of accumulated mw to the segregation of the protocore is therefore unlikely. The suggested process of perovskite fractionation to the lower mantle is not capable of increasing the Mg/Si ratio in the residual melt, and the combined fractionation of perovskite and magnesiowüstite produces a melt with elevated ratios of Si/Mg, Ca/Al and Fe/Mg. 相似文献
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In recent years, a series of important progresses have been made in the aspect of magnesium isotopes behavior in weathering processes. These progresses are not only favorable to understand the change of the magnesium isotopic compositions in rivers, but also establish the foundation to further reveal the magnesium isotope geochemical cycle. The magnesium in rivers is both magnesium sink for weathering and magnesium source for the ocean. The Mg isotopic compositions in rivers are dominated by the magnesium sources and Mg isotope fractionations processes. The sources of magnesium in rivers originate mainly from draining rocks, as well as less contribution from the eolian deposition, groundwater, plant debris, and precipitation. The Mg isotope fractionations in rivers are mainly related to precipitation and dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate mineral hydrolysis, adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface, and plant uptake. Generally, the contribution of carbonate minerals dissolution or precipitation is equal to add or reduce magnesium from carbonate endmember, which has a remarkably negative δ26Mg value. Based on the fact that most clay minerals are rich in 26Mg during nature silicate mineral hydrolysis, then it is possible to infer that residual weathering products enrich in 26Mg. However, there is no significant Mg isotope fractionation causing by the adsorption on mineral or colloidal matter surface during river water migration. For the plant uptake, the root prefers to have 26Mg, leading the plant itself rich in heavier Mg isotopic composition. In addition, formation of secondary minerals in rivers could also reflect the changes of chemical parameters in rivers (such as major elements, CO2 solubility, pH, etc.). Hence, Mg isotopic composition in rivers and associated isotope fractionations are not only the basis for the application of magnesium isotope to trace surface material cycle, but also have important significance for the further understanding the geochemical cycle of magnesium isotopes. 相似文献
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中国辽宁金刚石中高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)等超高压矿物包裹体的发现及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在中国辽宁金刚石中获得的高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)为一单晶碎片包裹体,与其共存的金刚石包裹体还有刚玉、碳化钛、红色金刚石碎片、钙钛矿、二氧化硅等。通过电子探针成分分析,确定该高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)成分超硅高钙缺镁,8个分析点平均值计算的矿物分子式为(Ca2.35Fe0.49Mn0.15Mg0.02)3.01(Al1.08Fe0.48Si0.44)2.00(SiO4)3,根据Kenneth等(2000)提出的计算压力的公式得到该包裹体高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)形成的压力为14GPa,估算形成深度达400km。用四圆单晶衍射仪测定了该石榴石的晶体结构,a=1.195 15(4)nm,求得了各原子的座标、占位度和各向异性温度因子,用I>2σ(I),计算得到R1=0.077 9,WR2=0.141 6,Goodness-of-fit(F2)=1.382。在该高硅钙铁榴石包裹体中还存在微米级二氧化硅(呈四边形断面)和氧化铁(含钠)的包裹体(析离体),它们可能是斯石英和方铁矿(或似沂蒙矿)。从高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)的成分判断,其物质来源具壳源性质,由此推断的大陆壳俯冲深度要超过400km,这与地球物理探测郯庐断裂已切穿了上地幔、进入软流圈的看法相一致。 相似文献
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Lin-gun Liu 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,144(1):16-21
Diamonds containing ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O and other silicate (enstatite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3], in particular) assemblages are generally believed to be derived from the Earth's lower mantle. On the basis of the observed ratio between ferropericlase and enstatite inclusions and the FeO content of these ferropericlases, it is concluded that most of these minerals entrapped in diamonds may not represent the lithology of the lower mantle itself as has been suggested by many investigators. Instead, ferropericlases in these diamonds represent most likely the disproportionate product of ferromagnesite [(Mg,Fe)CO3], which underwent a decarbonation reaction to form both diamond and ferropericlase simultaneously in the lower mantle. The wide variation in the Mg# of ferropericlase inclusions in diamonds is attributed to the decarbonation "loop" of the MgCO3-FeCO3 solid solutions. Some of the enstatite inclusions coexisting with these ferropericlases in the same diamond may represent the most abundant mineral species of (Mg,Fe)SiO3-perovskite in the lower mantle. The latter mineral phase experienced a retrogressive transition into enstatite during the transport of diamonds to the Earth's surface. 相似文献
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雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带内多个地幔橄榄岩体产有金刚石、碳硅石等异常矿物组合,为了进一步探讨这些异常矿物形成的物理化学条件,在前人已有的研究基础上,对泽当地幔岩体中526 kg的方辉橄榄岩样品开展人工重砂矿物学研究工作。研究表明,同雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带内的其他岩体相似,泽当地幔橄榄岩也选出了包含金刚石、碳硅石、锆石等30余种矿物。异常矿物组合指示泽当地幔橄榄岩中存在局部的超高压、极还原环境,可能经历了复杂的演化过程:即古老地壳物质通过深俯冲或者折沉作用,进入地幔甚至是地幔过渡带(410~660 km),随后经历了超高压、极还原环境的改造,在后续的地幔柱或地幔对流作用中从洋中脊上升至浅部环境并返回到地壳中。该过程中地幔橄榄岩中的异常矿物组合记录了岩石的演化信息,因此开展地幔橄榄岩中异常矿物组合的精细矿物学研究,对认识壳-幔物质交换以及深部地幔动力学过程都有重要的研究意义。 相似文献
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报道了吉林辽源晚中生代玄武岩的全岩K-Ar定年结果和岩石地球化学资料, 以及其中幔源捕虏体的矿物化学分析结果, 探讨了晚中生代碱性玄武岩的成因及岩石圈地幔的性质.全岩K-Ar定年结果显示, 辽源玄武岩形成于晚白垩世(91.7±1.7 Ma、82.5±1.9 Ma、99.3±1.6 Ma、82.2±2.4 Ma).该玄武岩的SiO2含量介于45.1%~45.9%之间, 全碱(Na2O+K2O)含量介于4.50%~6.72%之间, Mg#[100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)]值介于60~63之间, 属于碱性玄武岩系列.该玄武岩相对富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)、亏损重稀土元素(HREEs), (La/Yb)N值介于12.0~14.0之间, 无Eu异常, 具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)型微量元素配分型式.辽源玄武岩中的幔源捕虏体以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主, 捕虏体中橄榄石的Mg#值较低(87.1~91.2), 结合捕虏体中其他矿物的主量和微量元素地球化学特征, 认为辽源晚白垩世岩石圈地幔以新增生的岩石圈地幔为主.捕虏体中单斜辉石的LREEs具有从富集到亏损的变化特征, 暗示岩石圈地幔经历了部分熔融和交代作用的改造, 地幔交代类型以硅酸盐熔体交代为主, 同时存在碳酸盐熔体交代作用.辽源晚白垩世玄武岩来源于软流圈地幔的部分熔融, 结合区域研究成果, 认为辽源晚白垩世玄武岩形成于古太平洋板块俯冲背景下的弧后伸展环境. 相似文献
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A corundum-bearing mafic rock in the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan, was derived from upper mantle conditions to lower crustal conditions with surrounding peridotites. The amphiboles found in the rock are classified into 3 types: (1) as interstitial and/or poikilitic grains (Green amphibole), (2) as a constituent mineral of symplectitic mineral aggregates with aluminous spinel at grain boundary between olivine and plagioclase (Symplectite amphibole) and (3) as film-shaped thin grains, usually less than 10 μm in width, at grain boundary between olivine and clinopyroxene (Film-shaped amphibole). The Film-shaped amphibole is rarely associated with orthopyroxene extremely low in Al2O3, Cr2O3 and CaO (Low-Al OPX). These minerals were formed by infiltration of SiO2- and volatile-rich fluids along grain boundaries after the rock was recrystallized at olivine-plagioclase stability conditions, i.e. the late stage of the exhumation of the Horoman Complex.
Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace-element patterns of the Green amphibole and clinopyroxene are characterized by LREE-depleted patterns with Eu positive and negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. These geochemical characteristics of the constituent minerals were inherited from original whole-rock compositions through a reaction involving both pre-existing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. We propose that the fluids were originally rich in a SiO2 component but depleted in trace-elements. Dehydration of the surrounding metamorphic rocks in the Hidaka metamorphic belt, probably related to intrusion of hot peridotite body into the Hidaka crust, is a plausible origin for the fluids. 相似文献
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同步辐射激光加温DAC技术及在地球深部物质研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
实验室模拟地球深部的温度和压力环境,研究地球相关材料的物理和化学性质,是解释地震波数据、进一步了解地球内部结构和动力学过程的重要途径。用高功率的红外激光光束,加温金刚石对顶砧压腔(DAC)中的样品,可以获得深部地幔乃至地核的极端温度和压力条件,已广泛地用于地球深部矿物的相变、熔融和状态方程研究。同步辐射微束技术的发展,为激光加温DAC技术的应用开辟了新的领域,也使地幔及地核条件下的矿物研究有了重要的突破。文章介绍激光加温DAC技术的发展;阐述高温高压原位的同步辐射X射线衍射方法;例举激光加温DAC技术在地球深部物质研究中的一些应用;并对一些关键的技术问题加以分析和讨论。 相似文献