共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块 总被引：141，自引：11，他引：130
GPS观测结果给出了在欧亚参考框架下周边板块的运动状态 ,印度板块的运动方向约NE2 0° ,速度是 40～ 42mm/a ;北美板块的运动方向约NW 2 80°～ 2 90° ,速度是 2 1～ 2 3mm/a ;菲律宾板块的运动方向是NW 2 90°～ 310° ,速度是 37～ 45mm/a ;哈萨克—西伯利亚地盾的运动方向约NE130° ,速度是 3～ 5mm/a。GPS所揭示的中国大陆现今运动场清晰地表现出了以活动地块为单元的分块运动特征。文中给出了各主要活动地块的运动方向和速度。大部分活动地块内部结构完整 ,以整体性的运动为主 ;个别活动地块内部发生构造变形 ,地块的整体性不好。中国大陆以活动地块为单元的现今构造变形可能与大陆岩石圈的结构和性质有关 ,上地壳以脆性变形为主 ,下地壳和上地幔以粘塑性的流变为特征 ,从底部驱动着上覆脆性地块的整体运动。 相似文献
2.
GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约 总被引：51，自引：2，他引：51
活动断裂的滑动速率是晚第四纪构造变形的定量描述 ,是制约和研究现今大陆动力过程的重要基础数据。地震地质学研究给出主要活动断裂的长期和平均运动水平 ,横跨断裂的GPS观测能够提供断裂的现今滑动速率。文中利用重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”的 10 0 0多个GPS观测站的复测数据 ,计算中国大陆主要活动断裂的现今滑动速率。发现主要活动断裂的GPS滑动速率与晚第四纪滑动速率在运动方式和运动量上是大体一致的。从GPS观测到的断层滑动速率来看 ,中国大陆的大多数活动断裂的速率都在 10mm/a之下 ,而没有类似于板块边界的大于 2 0 30mm/a的滑动速率。这种现象意味着整个中国大陆的构造变形可能是分布式的 ,而不是仅仅集中在少数几条大型活动构造带上 ,沿主要活动断裂的刚性块体滑移可能不是构造变形的主要方式。现今构造变形的分块运动图像可能只是脆性上地壳的变形方式 ,中下地壳和上地幔的运动则以连续变形为特征 ,从下部驱动脆性上地壳的变形和运动 ,使得上部地壳的变形既表现出分块特征 ,又发生块内的变形。“连续变形”理论模型能够更好地描述大陆内部的构造变形。 相似文献
3.
板块构造基本理论（特别是其刚性块体假设）能否应用于大陆，是大陆动力学研究所面临的主要问题之一，不同的理论模型给出不同的回答。缺乏完整、可靠的构造变形运动学图像使得无法对不同的理论模型给予约束和检验，以至于无法回答上述基本问题。本文以中国大陆及其周边近年来的1350个GPS观测资料为主，结合活动断裂和地震活动性资料，研究中国大陆现今构造变形的运动学特征。中国大陆的现今构造变形既有刚性地块的运动，如塔里木、鄂尔多斯、华南等地块；又有非刚性的连续变形，如青藏高原和天山。在大陆构造变形过程中，由于岩石圈性质的不同而造成变形的分区差异和上部脆性地壳的分块运动，不仅有整体性好的刚性地块运动，也有刚性很差的连续变形。以粘塑性流变为特征的下地壳和上地幔在周边板块作用下发生连续流动，从底部驱动着上覆脆性地块的运动，而不同活动地块本身的性质决定着地块的整体性和变形方式，中国大陆的现今构造变形可以用耦合的地块运动和连续变形模式来描述。 相似文献
4.
中国大陆现今构造应力场的回归分析研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
叙述了应用有限元方法和回归分析理论,依据实际应力观测资料,结合中国大陆构造地质资料反演中国大陆现今构造应力场的研究成果。计算中考虑了地壳结构在纵向上和横向上的非均匀性和现今活动断层的影响,采用接触分析方法模拟了板块边界的作用。计算结果表明,通过回归分析得到中国大陆现今构造应力场特征与实际观测结果是一致的:(1) 在中国大陆现今水平最大主压应力轴走向以青藏高原为中心,呈辐射状分布;(2) 在中国大陆现今水平最大主压应力总体表现为由西向东逐渐降低的趋势;(3) 中国大陆东南的台湾海峡区域水平最大主压应力有局部升高的现象。 相似文献
5.
6.
利用地震滑动矢量、转换断层走向和洋中脊扩张速率反演出太平洋、菲律宾、北美、鄂霍茨克、阿穆利亚、南中国和日本本州块体相邻板块间的相对欧拉矢量,该结果与利用最近20年内空间技术实测速度场、国际地球参考架ITRF2000速度场、中国地壳运动GPS监测网以及日本GPS地球观测网(GEONet)的速度场等建立东亚构造块体运动模型基本一致,反映东亚构造块体现今运动特征,基于模型分析东亚构造块体相对运动,进一步揭示东亚构造块体现今运动规律。 相似文献
7.
大陆动力学研究需要物质随空间和时间的变化的信息。三维密度和地震波速度扰动图像反映岩石圈物质的空间分布,要和大地构造学中的时间尺度信息综合起来,才能恢复动力学作用的过程。本文通过对比不同构造期的构造图和地壳不同深度的地球物理性质图像,研究中国大陆密度以及地震波速度扰动和构造事件的相关度。研究表明,岩石圈地幔的密度和波速扰动和现今板块构造的相关度是高的,说明岩石圈地幔的密度大黏度高,不仅地震波速快得多,物质蠕动的速度也比下地壳慢得多,板块运动产生的变形保存时间比较久。中国大陆中地壳的密度扰动和白垩纪以来的构造事件的相关度是高的,说明中地壳的密度扰动主要反映了白垩纪以来的构造事件。中国大陆上地壳结晶基底的密度扰动和侏罗纪以来的构造事件的相关度是高的,说明上地壳的密度扰动可以反映燕山期的构造事件。对于中国大陆而言,下地壳的波速变化和板块构造没有明显的相关性;不过下地壳深层的密度扰动也反映新构造期的构造事件。其原因可能是因为下地壳的物质黏度比较低,物质蠕动的速度比岩石圈地幔快得多,板块运动产生的变形不容易保存。总之,应用不同深度的密度扰动图像分别推测不同地质时期的地壳构造运动发生的地点和范围是可行的,地壳深层的三维密度扰动成像有可能提供180Ma以来中国大陆地质作用事件的有关信息。 相似文献
8.
中国大陆主要变形系统 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地壳中的构造变形是已有岩石在地质应力作用下发生结构构造和空间位置变化的产物,因而是资源勘查开发和地质灾害防治不可忽视的重要地质现象。然而,地壳中的构造变形能否像岩石及岩石组合一样,也可以为一个地区的地质历史重建提供约束,在已有文献中没有系统的论述。文中针对这一问题,在系统研究了全球不同地球动力学环境构造变形特征的基础上,提出了变形系统的概念,将其定义为在一定区域范围内、同一地球动力学背景下同时形成的、具有不同几何学和运动学特征的各种构造变形的集合,并根据其产出的地球动力学环境,将其划分为11种类型。基于这一认识,在系统收集研究了中国大陆已有构造变形资料的基础上,简要介绍了中国大陆古生代以来的14个变形系统,探讨了中国大陆构造分区和构造演化的几个问题。根据与全球典型变形系统的对比,基于中国大陆古生代以来主要变形系统的时空分布,笔者提出:(1)中国东部新生代伸展变形系统的成因主要与澳大利亚板块向北运动有关;(2)中国东部海域可能隐伏有中生代晚期弧陆碰撞带;(3)中国东部白垩纪地球动力学环境可能类似于现今北美西部科迪勒拉型大陆边缘;(4)秦岭山脉南北两侧晚侏罗世至早白垩世挤压构造变形可能是蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带陆缘碰撞的远程响应;(5)敦煌—阿拉善地块在早古生代期间是中国大陆独立的第四大古陆块体;(6)西准噶尔和西天山北部属于哈萨克斯坦古板块北部增生边缘,准噶尔—吐哈盆地基底及其以北的东准噶尔和阿尔泰山属于西伯利亚古板块古生代增生边缘;(7)小兴安岭和张广才岭东侧的原黑龙江群是大兴安岭地区西伯利亚古陆古生代增生边缘的向东延伸,不是侏罗纪增生杂岩或早古生代碰撞带的残片;(8)中国北方及邻区古生代至中生代期间经历了多次碰撞造山。中国大陆古生代以来变形系统的初步研究,表明变形系统的研究可以为大陆构造单元划分、构造演化和古地球动力学环境的重建提供重要的约束。 相似文献
9.
中国大陆活动构造基本特征及其对区域动力过程的控制 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
中国大陆活动构造的研究经历了近百年历程,特别是二十世纪八十年代以来取得了诸多研究成果和显著进展,大量的针对性、专业性、目标性极强的调查和综合性研究工作,奠定了中国大陆活动构造定量研究的基础成果。文章通过回顾活动构造研究历史,综合大量已有研究成果,总结了中国大陆活动构造的基本特征及其对区域动力过程的控制作用。综合认为,中国大陆特殊的构造位置,造就了复杂的构造格局,受不同方向板块运动的影响,致使现今活动构造的运动性质差异明显。从总体上看,中国大陆活动构造几何图像主要体现为由受控于区域性大断裂的不同性质和规模的活动构造共同构成。文章分区对活动构造的基本特征、几何图像、运动特征及对地震的控制作用进行了总结,并结合中国大陆动力学总体特征,以及活动构造对中国大陆构造变形和强震活动的控制作用,对重点区域动力过程及模式进行了总结。结合目前新技术和新方法的发展,对活动构造未来可能的研究方向和目标提出了展望。 相似文献
10.
中国现今区域构造应力场与地壳运动趋势分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文对中国现今地壳形变场、断层位移场、地应力场、地质灾害场、地壳深部结构构造等分别研究和分区。首次较全面地论述了中国现今区域构造应力场的主要特征，讨论了中国现今地壳运动问题。对中国地壳运动的某些过程、时空发展演化及运动规律的新认识，为中国地壳运动理论补充了现今构造应力场资料，同时也为国民经济规划、减灾防灾提供了依据。 相似文献
11.
Jin Shuanggen Zhu WenyaoShanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(1):14-19
The definition of an "intraplate fixed" frame remains a significant error source for crustal motion studies at a few millimeters per year level. An appropriate implementation of such a frame is very important to avoid biased velocities and to confirm a valid geophysical interpretation. Here, we establish the newest global plate motion model of ITRF2000VEL and research the definition of an Asian-fixed frame in Asia using the ITRF2000 velocity field. By X2 and F ratio tests, we find a subset site in Asia that satisfies a rigid cap rotation with residual velocities <0. 95 mm/a and provide a stable Asia reference frame (SARF). In this reference frame, we find residual velocities at Asiatic ITRF2000 sites that are consistent with known active tectonic feature. An important result of this study is the identification of internal deformation of the order of 1-2 mm/a in an area usually interpreted as "stable" Asia. These results should be further checked as newer, denser and more accurate space geodetic data sets wit 相似文献
12.
A stable reference frame for landslide monitoring using GPS in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been frequently applied for the purpose of landslide monitoring. A local stable reference frame is essential for precisely interpreting landslide movements derived from GPS observations. In this study, we define a stable reference frame using over 5 years of continuous GPS data collected from eight permanent GPS stations in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands (PRVI) region. The realization of the Stable Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Reference Frame (SPRVIRF) is defined in terms of a 14-parameter Helmert transformation from the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service Reference Frame of 2008 (IGS08). SPRVIRF is aligned with the IGS08 at epoch 2013.0. The GIPSY/OASIS (V6.2) software package, which employs the precise point positioning (PPP) with single receiver phase ambiguity resolution, was used to calculate position coordinates within IGS08. Through the combined use of the PPP post-processing method and SPRVIRF, it is practical and easy to conduct millimeter accuracy landslide monitoring by a single technician with a single GPS unit. SPRVIRF provides a precise common reference frame in the PRVI region that can be used for a broad range of research applications, such as delineating long-term landslide creeping, studying ground deformation associated with subsidence, fault creep, hydrologic loading and microplate motions, and monitoring long-term deformation of critical structures, such as dams, high-rise buildings, and long-span bridges. 相似文献
13.
For studying recent crustal movements and their relation to earthquake occurrence in large scales, the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt started in 2006 the establishment of the Egyptian Permanent GPS Network (EPGN). Beginning with 4 stations in 2007, 15 stations were operational at the end of 2011. In addition, a station in Alexandria of the French “Centre d'Études Alexandrines” (CEALX) was added as station to the EPGN. Nowadays, 16 stations are operational and an extension to 20 in the near future is expected. The collected EPGN data of the last 6 years are used in this work to throw light upon the present state of recent crustal movement of the whole of Egypt. Bernese software V. 5.0 was used for processing the collected data according to the IGS standards. In addition, selected IGS, AFREF, and EPN sites are processed for reference frame definition. In this first comprehensive analysis of the permanent network, a complete and consistent evaluation resulted in the first estimates of present day horizontal velocities and coordinate time series. 相似文献
14.
东亚地区现代地壳运动特征与构造变形 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
根据“中国地壳运动观测网络”首次发布的GPS观测结果以及国际地球自转服务中心在 2 0 0 0年发布的ITRF97下的站速度矢量和“东南亚地球动力学项目”GPS网的观测结果 ,讨论了东亚地区现今地壳运动和构造变形特征。在ITRF97参考系下 ,中国大陆东部现今地壳运动以向南东方向(12 0 130°)运动为主 ,量值平均为 35mm/a ,西部受印度板块向北东碰撞的影响 ,运动方向发生偏转 ,呈显北东—近东西向运动 ,但这种影响涉及的范围达到了准噶尔盆地北缘一线 ,说明碰撞型板块边界对板内变形的影响远大于俯冲型板块边界。平均来看 ,75 %以上的印度板块相对于欧亚板块间的南北向缩短是通过地壳增厚变形来吸收的 ,这意味着在调节整个青藏高原构造变形的过程中 ,逆断和地壳增厚起了主要的作用。东南亚块体总体上与欧亚板块的运动有所差异 ,相对于欧亚大陆有 10mm/a左右向东的运动。菲律宾板块南部向西的运动速度只有 2 4mm/a。包括华南地块在内的东南亚块体的运动不仅仅是与印度板块的碰撞过程有关 ,也应当与沿着东南亚块体东边界的俯冲过程有关。 相似文献
15.
Modern space geodetic techniques enable deformation monitoring of continental plate interiors with high spatial and temporal
coverage. Resolving data and results are currently evaluated for their application for the integrated assessment of seismic
hazard and risk in Germany. This goes especially for regions where earthquakes are generally rare but high magnitudes are
still not unrealistic while vulnerability of today’s society is steadily growing. The present contribution deals with the
continuous monitoring of tectonic fracture systems in Germany using the GPS. The estimation of the station velocities with
GPS and the resulting geodetic strain is supposed to provide additional input to the earthquake hazard assessment. Unfortunately,
the low expected and currently seen velocities (<1–2 mm/year) make it extremely difficult to distinguish between noise and
a tectonic signal. Because of the short observation interval the velocity uncertainties are about 2 mm/year in the horizontal
components. The essential goal of this program is to provide and model highly precise deformation data and to discuss its
needs for a better assessment of geological hazard, especially for the most active tectonic regions in Germany, the Rhine-Graben,
the Swabian Alb, the Alpine foreland, and the Vogtland. Here we present preliminary results from 2 years of measurements at
currently 150 GPS stations throughout Germany. The time span of this program has proven to be too short and the density of
the station network to be not dense enough yet for reliable significant horizontal station velocities and supporting the earthquake
hazard assessment. 相似文献
16.
国际大地测量协会（IAG）2003年 7月在日本札晃举行了近 8天的学术讨论会。现将讨论会中关于我国近邻国家大地基准现代化,低轨卫星（LEO）解算地球重力场的新方法---《一步法》,及GPS数据处理方法的新进展等进行扼要介绍。《国际地面参考框架（ITRF）》一直作为全球的大地测量坐标框架,它目前存在的主要问题是它的框架点是一律被假定作常速运动的,但实际情况与ITRF的这一假定是不一致的。在这次大会上我国的近邻国家如日本、蒙古、新西兰、韩国、马来西亚等报告了本国大地坐标系统、坐标框架的更新和现代化,以及地区大地水准面的精化工作。通常利用二步法从低轨卫星的轨道信息求定地球重力场及其时变,大会上报告的一步法是对这一经典方法的重大改进和突破。GPS数据处理方法的新进展中比较突出的有：顾及观测数据短暂性相关影响的GPS连续运行网坐标及其移动速度的解算方案;含有系统误差的GPS观测数据的解算等。 相似文献
17.
Data from the nation-wide GPS continuous tracking network that has been operated by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan since April 1996 were used to study crustal deformation in the Japanese Islands. We first extracted site coordinate from daily SINEX files for the period from April 1, 1996 to February 24, 2001. Since raw time series of station coordinates include coseismic and postseismic displacements as well as seasonal variation, we model each time series as a combination of linear and trigonometric functions and jumps for episodic events. Estimated velocities were converted into a kinematic reference frame [Heki, K., 1996. Horizontal and vertical crustal movements from three-dimensional very long baseline interferometry kinematic reference frame: implication for reversal timescale revision. J. Geophys. Res., 101: 3187–3198.] to discuss the crustal deformation relative to the stable interior of the Eurasian plate. A Least-Squares Prediction technique has been used to segregate the signal and noise in horizontal as well as vertical velocities. Estimated horizontal signals (horizontal displacement rates) were then differentiated in space to calculate principal components of strain. Dilatations, maximum shear strains, and principal axes of strain clearly portray tectonic environments of the Japanese Islands. On the other hand, the interseismic vertical deformation field of the Japanese islands is derived for the same GPS data interval. The GPS vertical velocities are combined with 31 year tide gage records to estimate absolute vertical velocity. The results of vertical deformation show that (1) the existence of clear uplift of about 6 mm/yr in Shikoku and Kii Peninsula, whereas pattern of subsidence is observed in the coast of Kyushu district. This might reflect strong coupling between the Philippine Sea plate and overriding plate at the Nankai Trough and weak coupling off Kyushu, (2) no clear vertical deformation pattern exists along the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. This might be due to the long distance between the plate boundary (Japan trench) and overriding plate where GPS sites are located, (3) significant uplift is observed in the southwestern part of Hokkaido and in northeastern Tohoku along the Japan Sea coast. This is possibly due to the viscoelastic rebound of the 1983 Japan Sea (Mw 7.7) and the 1993 Hokkaido–Nansei–Oki (Mw 7.8) earthquakes and/or associated with distributed compression of incipient subduction there. We then estimate the elastic deformation of the Japanese Islands caused by interseismic loading of the Pacific and Philippine Sea subduction plates. The elastic models account for most of the observed horizontal velocity field if the subduction movement of the Philippine Sea Plate is 100% locked and if that of the Pacific Plate is 70% locked. However, the best fit for vertical velocity ranges from 80% to 100% coupling factor in southwestern Japan and only 50% in northeastern Japan. Since horizontal data does not permit the separation of rigid plate motion and interplate coupling because horizontal velocities include both contributions, we used the vertical velocities to discriminate between them. So, we can say there is strong interplate coupling (80%–100%) over the Nankaido subduction zone, whereas it is about 50% only over the Kurile–Japan trench. 相似文献
18.
Sridevi Jade H. J. Raghavendra Rao M. S. M. Vijayan V. K. Gaur B. C. Bhatt Kireet Kumar Saigeetha Jaganathan M. B. Ananda P. Dileep Kumar 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(6):1293-1301
Deformation rates derived from GPS measurements made at two continuously operating stations at Leh (34.1°N, 77.6°E) and Hanle
(32.7°N, 78.9°E), and eight campaign sites in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh spanning 11 years (1997–2008), provide a clear picture
of the kinematics of this region as well as the convergence rate across northwestern Himalaya. All the Ladakh sites move 32–34 mm/year
NE in the ITRF2005 reference frame, and their relative velocities are 13–16 mm/year SW in the Indian reference frame and ~19 mm/year W
with reference to the Lhasa IGS station in southeastern Tibet. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant
deformation in the 200-km stretch between the continuous sites Leh and Hanle as well as between Leh and Nubra valley sites
along the Karakoram fault, whereas the sites in and around the splayed Karakoram fault region indicate surface deformation
of 2.5 mm/year. Campaign sites along the Karakoram fault zone indicate a fault parallel surface motion of 1.4–2.5 mm/year
in the Tangste and western Panamik segment of the Karakoram fault, which quantifies the best possible GPS-derived dextral
slip rate of 3 mm/year along this fault during this 11-year period. Baselines of Ladakh sites show convergence rates of 15–18 mm/year
with respect to south India and 12–15 mm/year with respect to Delhi in north India and Almora in the Himalaya ~400 km north-northeast
of Delhi. These constitute an arc normal convergence of 12–15 mm/year across the western Himalaya, which is consistent with
arc normal convergence all along the Himalayan arc from west to east. Baseline extension rates of 14–16 mm/year between Lhasa
and Ladakh sites are consistent with the east–west extension rate of Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
19.
地形形变监测与分析对于研究汶川地震对震区及青藏板块地形变化的影响有重要意义。通过收集相关监测点的汶川地震前后地形形变数据,采用统一模式进行数据处理,将震前与震后的形变监测成果归算到ITRF2005参考框架和2008.363（2008年5月12日）历元,计算得到震中区域的大地基准造成严重破坏,监测点形变位错,水平位移量达243 cm,沉降量达68 cm,隆起量达36 cm。并对汶川地震地形形变监测进行分析,认为位于“映秀镇—北川—青川”断裂带西侧块体呈现向东南方向移动并呈现隆起趋势;东侧块体向西北方向移动并呈现下沉趋势;北侧块体向东北方向移动,南侧块体向西南北方向移动,块体两侧形成了明显挤压形态。上述研究为进一步揭示汶川地震产生的机理和龙门山断裂带的活动提供了良好基础。 相似文献