共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
Few studies have examined the hydrodynamic behaviour of carbonate sediments. The data presented here are the result of preliminary research on entrainment in well- and poorly sorted carbonate sands. Experiments were performed using naturally occurring sediments in a tilting, recirculating freshwater flume. Results indicate that when of similar size, shape and density, the transport threshold of carbonate sands is similar to that of quartz. However, owing to their lower density and often platy or irregular shape, skeletal sands require a lower shear stress to initiate transport. Because the density of carbonate particles may increasingly vary with grain size, the threshold of motion in coarse carbonate grains may differ more markedly from that of quartz. In poorly sorted samples, results show that the coarse-grained constituents move before the finer-grained components. Grain properties and boundary-layer dynamics are believed to explain this phenomenon. Rollability of the larger grains combined with physical trapping and immersion within a low velocity sublayer are believed to prevent finer particles from moving. Given the appropriate sediments and flow conditions, it may therefore be possible to deposit and preserve fine-grained sediments in a flow regime typically thought to transport such materials. 相似文献
2.
3.
Dr. Wilhelm Johannes Professor Dr. H. G. F. Winkler 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,11(3):250-271
In the attempt to study the composition and behaviour of metasomatically active solutions we have examined the kind of gaseous solutions which are formed by water in contact with the minerals of a granite under a pressure of 2000 bars at 600° C, and how these solutions behave within a temperature gradient at the same pressure. The temperature ranged from 620° to 180° C. The following minerals were considered: quartz, K-feldspar (adularia), plagioclase (andesine) and mixtures of quartz with adularia, quartz with andesine, quartz with adularia and andesine, quartz mixed with mierokline-perthite, oligoelase and biotite.All these minerals are completely dissolved by water under these physical conditions. The solutions always contain more silica than the minerals, if quartz is present. The dissolved components are transported within the temperature gradient. In the solutions, Ca derived from the anorthite-component of the plagioclase and Mg from the biotite form associations together with silica, which travel tohigher temperatures. There they crystallize in form of wollastonite and/or diopside. On the other hand, Na and K, AI and the Fe from the biotite and the largest part of the silica, travel from the 600° C-region tolower temperatures. There they crystallize in form of quartz, K-feldspar, albite, some muscovite and Mg-free biotite rich in Fe. In experiments of only short duration, metastable analcime instead of albite has been formed. In long lasting experiments of 10 weeks, a separation of Na and K was evident: Albite was formed in the temperature range 470° to 420° C, whereas K-feldspar (with some albite component) and Mg-free biotite crystallize together with quartz in a larger temperature range below 420° C; see figure 6.The different minerals from a mixture influence each other's solubility in such a way that the amount of both feldspars and quartz dissolved and transported within a unit of time is decreased. Compared with the amount obtained when quartz alone constitutes the solid phase, only 40 % of that amount is dissolved and transported when the quartz had been mixed with adularia; the value amounts to only 30% when it was mixed with andesine. When both feldspars. are present together with quartz, the amount of dissolved and transported quartz is decreased to about 20 % of the original amount; see table 7. However, in all cases the amount of dissolved quartz is larger than the sum of the dissolved feldspar substances. Thus, the solution formed from a mixture of quartz and feldspars which is transported to lower temperatures always contains more silica than the mineral mixture. The amount of adularia dissolved and transported is reduced by the presence of quartz to 1/6 of that amount furnished at 6000 C by adularia alone. Under the same conditions the amount of andesine is reduced to one half. — The amount of adularia transported per unit of time is nearly equal to the amount of plagioclase components if quartz is present. However, if no quartz is present, the proportion of dissolved and transported adularia to plagioclase-components is noticeably shifted in favour of adularia. This would be the case with syenite as the source for the solutions.In the attempt to produce skarns in a way closely related to nature, silica-rich solutions from a granite have been brought into contact with dolomite. The contact was situated at 600°, 570° and 500° C. With equal duration of the experiments, the results were similar. With different durations the following effect was observed: at the beginning, the silica-rich solution reacts with the dolomite under formation of forsterite, calcite and C02. When more materialis transported into the contact,region diopside (the mineral containing more silica) is formed from calcite, forsterite and additional silica. When the same metasomatically active solution meets a marble, (contact at 600° C) wollastonite is formed. In these metasomatic processes the partial pressure of C02 in the gasphase remained low under our experimental conditions. 相似文献
4.
东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成、脆度进行了系统研究,并与北美页岩进行了对比。研究表明:东营凹陷沙三下和沙四上亚段泥页岩主要由黏土矿物、陆源碎屑矿物（主要指石英和长石）和自生非黏土矿物（主要指碳酸盐和黄铁矿）三部分组成;泥页岩黏土矿物含量平均只有25％左右,远低于海相泥岩和传统观点;石英含量平均为29%,远低于海相页岩;长石含量平均约5％,高于海相泥岩;自生的碳酸盐矿物含量较高,平均约37％;分析认为,陆相盆地面积较小、距物源区近以及相变快是导致研究区泥页岩矿物组成特征的主要原因。鉴于此,提出了新的脆度计算方法并计算了东营凹陷泥页岩的石英脆度、碳酸盐脆度和总脆度。对比发现,碳酸矿物盐含量与泥页岩脆度相关性较好,是影响泥页岩脆度的主要因素。最后指出:研究区泥页岩脆性较好,易于形成天然裂缝或被压裂,是页岩气潜在的有利储层。 相似文献
5.
渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组泥页岩的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,其次为长石,此外还含有少量黄铁矿、硬石膏等含硫矿物,以及极少量的碳酸盐矿物。沉积学及矿物学研究表明,五峰-龙马溪组的沉积环境以浅海陆棚为主,而浅海陆棚属还原环境,有利于有机质富集和保存,可以更好地形成页岩气;页岩含石英量较多并且脆性指数较高,因此有利于形成裂缝以利于渗流。与相邻的涪陵地区相对比,两者可比性较高,并且渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩的石英等脆性矿物含量大于涪陵地区,而黏土矿物含量、碳酸盐矿物含量远小于涪陵地区;渝东北田坝地区黏土矿物组合反映,五峰-龙马溪组已进入了晚期成岩作用阶段,该阶段所对应的有机质成熟度为高成熟-过成熟,表明其成熟度条件有利于形成页岩气藏;进一步研究还发现,五峰组及龙马溪组页岩具有较高的孔隙度和渗透性,能为页岩气储存提供较好的储集空间。 相似文献
6.
A reliable criterion of quartz genesis is proved to be ratios of the concentrations of structural defects in this mineral,
which are a function of its structural dynamic state. Within the scope of the theory of sparring defects, theoretical dependences
were derived for concentrations of various minor components accommodated in the quartz structure during two stages of isomorphism.
It was determined that structurally dynamic equilibrium may be established in quartz with time and this equilibrium “obliterates”
genetic information on the crystallization conditions. The conclusions obtained in this research are confirmed by data on
pervasively occurring relations between the distributions of isomorphous components in quartz samples from rare-metal deposits
of various genetic types. 相似文献
7.
Quantitative analysis of calcite and Mg-calcite by X-ray diffraction: effect of grinding on peak height and peak area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mineralogical analysis of calcite and Mg-calcite by X-ray diffraction requires that the samples be ground to a powder. Such grinding determines the particle size of the powder and the structural damage of the minerals. Both of these in turn affect the peak intensities recorded by the X-ray machine. Most carbonate sediments are inhomogeneous; they contain both calcite and Mg-calcite which are affected differently by grinding. Such differences cause quantitative analytical results to be inconsistent with the true mineralogical abundance. The two acceptable methods of analysis—(1) measurement of peak height from the base and (2) measurement of the area under the peak—were compared to determine if sample preparation affects the quantitative results. In samples with variable and relatively small amounts of calcite and Mg-calcite the measurement of peak height yields more reproducible results than does the measurement of peak areas. Different proportions of particle size of the mineralogical components in a sample powder, affect proportionally more the peak areas than the peak heights. Extensive grinding causes structural damage of the component minerals which affects much more the peak areas than the peak heights. Thus for quantitative analyses of calcite and Mg-calcite in inhomogeneous carbonate samples which require differing grinding times and have greatly variable amounts of calcite and Mg-calcite, the peak height measurement seems to be a better method than peak area measurement. 相似文献
8.
Ramavati Mathur B. Udai Raj V. Balaram 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(3):267-280
The Vempalle Formation of the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin has a well developed sequence of carbonate rocks, which are interbedded with shales, siltstones and chert. The stromatolitic carbonates are conspicuous at many places but the oolitic carbonates are less prominent and are present only in some areas. All the carbonates are pervasively dolomitized. Petrographic examination of these carbonates revealed that they are predominantly made up of fine grained micrite with patchy development of sparite and chert/quartz. The stromatolitic carbonates show distinct banding of alternate carbonate and cherty layers. The latter are rich in organic matter indicating prevalence of profuse biogenic activity. The oolitic carbonates comprise of ooids showing both concentric and radial patterns and made up of carbonate/chert and cemented by micro/mega quartz or carbonate itself. Diagenetic and post depositional features are reflected in cementation, recrystallization, compaction, stylolite formation and silicification processes. Various stages of cementing material are observed. Secondary vein fillings of carbonate or quartz traverse the carbonate/cherty groundmass. Intraclasts present suggest occasional erosional destruction of associated sediments, short lived transport and local redeposition. Accessory silicate minerals represent terrigenous influx during deposition. Dolomitization of the carbonates was fabric retentive and early diagenetic. The environmental conditions were characterised by low energy, within a shallow water zone, in occasional higher energy events and turbulence. The carbonates appear to have been deposited on a shallow water ramp within a tidal regime. 相似文献
9.
REINHARD HESSE 《Sedimentology》1987,34(6):1055-1077
In the diagenetic history of calcareous sandstones, silicacementation and silicification may be followed by carbonatecementation and replacement and vice versa, and the change-over from one to the other may occur more than once. This is well illustrated by calcareous and siliciclastic turbidites of the Gault Formation (Aptian to Albian) of the Eastern Alps which have been interpreted as deep-sea trench plain and deep-sea fan deposits. In these turbidites silicification selectively affects ooids and a few other biogenic carbonate fragments rich in organic matter (algae and bryozoans) which form a small fraction of the bulk sediment. The type and sequence of diagenetic changes are largely controlled by host-rock composition and may vary vertically within individual beds as a result of compositional grading. In the carbonate turbidites, silicification follows widespread calcite cementation. The process is slow, resulting in relatively coarsely crystalline replacement quartz. In ooids with quartz nuclei, rim-quartz forms mostly monocrystalline ‘overgrowths’ by outward replacement of the concentrically laminated carbonate cortex. This type of silicification is often incomplete leaving parts of the ooid cortices unaffected. In quartz arenites and sublitharenites silicification precedes calcite cementation. There the process is rapid, forming microcrystalline quartz. Even if the ooid nucleus consists of quartz, a syntaxial ‘overgrowth’ does not normally form. The replacement quartz is almost always polycrystalline. Late-stage diagenetic calcite and dolomite which develop euhedral crystal shapes and cut across grain boundaries may replace the earlier secondary rim-quartz of the ooids as well as other minerals. Possible sources of the silica are pressure-solution of quartz, dissolution of opaline silica of radiolarian tests and of sponge spicules, and feldspar in the host bed. In a number of examples an increase in the degree of silicification can be observed towards the lower bedding planes of individual turbidites requiring an additional external source of silica which seems to necessitate cross-formational flow of pore solutions. Silicification in both the carbonate and the siliciclastic turbidites probably took place at about the same time; in the carbonate turbidites it was preceded, however, by calcite cementation, which significantly reduced porosity and permeability before silicification took place. The greater degree of alteration experienced by the Gault turbidites of the Falknis and Tasna Nappes, which are more internal structural units of the Alps (compared to the Flysch Zone of the Eastern Alps), is reflected by the growth of quartz ‘beards’ and spikes from the ooids in the direction perpendicular to maximum stress. This is the only case observed where the rim quartz of the ooids grows beyond the original grain boundaries. 相似文献
10.
Log-probability plots of grain-size distribution from the Platte, North Platte, and South Platte rivers are composed of four or five straight line segments. The line segments are grouped, dividing each curve into three regions. These regions are interpreted as subpopulations moved by different transport mechanisms. Consideration of the criterion for suspension and calculation of shear velocities associated with dominant discharges support this interpretation. The grain size cumulative curves are similar to each other but distinct from curves of fluvial systems transporting only fine-grained material, the difference being the presence of a subpopulation of grains moved in traction transport. One of two possible relationships seems to exist between the grain-size distributions and flow conditions within the Platte River system. Estimated shear velocities derived by varying flow conditions within reasonable limits predict a range of grain sizes within which the break between the intermittent suspension and traction loads should occur. This break appears to be associated with intermediate shear velocities if truncated normal distributions are assumed; but if overlapping distributions are assumed, the ‘break'is associated with estimated maximum shear velocities. 相似文献
11.
A. Yu. Yurchenko N. S. Balushkina G. A. Kalmykov R. A. Khamidullin N. I. Korobova V. N. Blinova 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2015,70(6):428-435
In the central West-Siberian basin, fractured and cavernous carbonate rocks that are often oilbearing, which are referred to as correlation layer 1 (CL1), are frequently present at the top of the Abalak formation and/or at the bottom of the Bazhenov formation. They are sporadically distributed over the profile and the area; their genesis is still not completely clear. The structural features and oil-bearing capacity of carbonate rocks have been studied, as well at the distributions of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes from bulk rocks and calcite filling fractures in the CL1 layer that was penetrated by six wells. The spherolitic microstructure of limestones together with the carbon and oxygen isotope distributions (δ13C =–14 to–26‰ VPDB; δ18O = 0 to–5‰ VPDB) indicate the precipitation of carbonate material due to microbial activity on the surface and/or in the upper part of sediments at high methane concentrations. The fractures and caverns in limestones are frequently oil-bearing; they contain coarse crystals of calcite, pyrite, quartz, and, more rarely, barite. This degree of mineralization and the isotope composition of calcite oxygen (up to–18‰ VPDB) indicate that calcite precipitates at elevated temperature (up to 120°C) from the hydrothermal fluids that could migrate from underlying strata. 相似文献
12.
Summary ¶Mineral grains unidentifiable by means of cathodoluminescence (CL) and/or polarizing microscopy (including non-luminescent or opaque minerals) can be readily identified with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, attached to the CL equipment. Chemical identification is possible of mineral grains (ten to a few tens of microns) that are even smaller than the electron beam area, by using index elements if the unknown mineral analyzed is surrounded by grains of simple or known chemical composition (e.g. minute areas of carbonate cement surrounded by quartz or clay minerals; clay cements surrounded by quartz or carbonate) and simultaneous with CL microscopy.Results are presented of Cambrian, Carboniferous and Jurassic sandstones from Sweden and Germany. Transparent and opaque minerals, i.a. feldspars, luminescent and non-luminescent carbonate minerals as well as luminescent and non-luminescent clay minerals were identified in thin sections. The analytical procedure described here is especially helpful when rapid petrographic analysis has to be carried out of samples with complex composition, of which the petrographer had no previous experience. 相似文献
13.
碳酸盐岩酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26
贵州岩溶区红色风化壳是中国南方红色负化壳的重要组成部分，本文根据部分红色风化壳剖面野外特征、矿物学、地球化学及土壤物理学等的研究结果，对其物源及成因进行了探讨。各剖面，尤其邻近剖面显著的矿物学、地球化学差异排除了远程风成沉积物、火山灰、上覆或者高处碎屑岩层作为统一且重要物源的可能。极低的石英含量表明贵州常见的长石石英砂岩不是其主要物源，具有中稀土（MREE）富集的特征也排除了粘土岩、页岩作为主要物源的可能。风化壳剖面间的差异性均可从基岩酸不溶物的差异性得到很好解释，表明它们是下伏碳酸盐岩风化、酸不溶物（准）原地堆积的结果。部分剖面甚至显示了典型风化壳剖面的一些特征，具有正常风化序列的剖面结构特征。 相似文献
14.
The cytotoxicity of quartz in the human lung is recognized to be dependent on both the inherent properties of the silica dust and external factors related to the history of the dust and including the presence of surface contamination. In this study, the physical and chemical surface properties of quartz grains in commercial bentonite deposits from the western (South Dakota) and southern (Alabama) USA were investigated. Measured quartz contents of bentonites range from 1.9 to 8.5 wt% with the <10 μm size fraction comprising 6–45% of this total. Trace element contents (Fe–Ti–Al) of quartz grains from any given bentonite are similar, indicating a single origin for the quartz with little if any contamination from other sources. Surface coatings are pervasive on all quartz grains and resist removal by repeated vigorous washings and reaction with HCl. Textural attributes and XPS and EDS analyses of these coatings are consistent with most being montmorillonite and, less frequently, mixtures of montmorillonite and opaline silica. Opaline silica (opal-A and opal-CT) occurs in two texturally distinct generations: an early massive grain-coating event and as later lepispheres. Montmorillonite coating thicknesses range from <1 μm to more than 10 μm thick. Surfaces of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite grains are conspicuously devoid of montmorillonite coatings, but may show sparse distributions of opal-CT lepispheres. HRTEM has not confirmed a topotactic relationship or atomic structural concordance between montmorillonite coatings and underlying quartz grains. Alternatively, a precursor volcanic glass phase that coats the quartz surfaces during volcanic eruption and/or preferential early precipitation of opaline silica on quartz may provide substrates for development of montmorillonite coatings. Estimations of montmorillonite biodurability under pulmonary pH conditions suggest possible prolonged sequestration of respired bentonite quartz grains from contact with lung materials and modified cytotoxic reactivity. 相似文献
15.
We have analyzed the evolution of the components of the unique massive binary system WR 20a, which consists of a Wolf-Rayet nitrogen star and an Of star with an extremely small separation. The estimated masses of the components are 83 and 82 M ⊙, which are among the highest stellar mass inferred. We have carried out numerical modeling of the evolution of the components, taking into account the mass loss due to the stellar wind inherent to massive stars. In a scenario in which the systemis detached from the time the components reach the main sequence until its present state, the initial component masses are inferred to be close to 110 M ⊙, if the initial masses of the stars were equal, or 120 and 100 M ⊙, if they were different. Currently, the components are evolved main-sequence stars, whose surfaces are relatively little enriched by helium. The further evolution of the system will result in one of the components filling its Roche lobe and evolution within a common envelope. As a result, the components may coalesce, leading to the formation of a single massive black hole the supernova explosion. Otherwise, depending on the masses of the resulting black holes, either a binary system with two black holes or two free black holes will be formed. In the latter case, gamma-ray bursts will be observed. 相似文献
16.
Ore microscopic studies reveal two main parageneses in the banded iron-formations of Nigeria. In the low-grade metamorphic schist belts of northern Nigeria, a magnetitic paragenesis comprising magnetite, silicates (grunerite and garnet), and quartz is developed. Magnetite which sometimes contains carbonate inclusions is markedly martitized. In contrast, the higher-grade metamorphic terrains of central Nigeria exhibit a different paragenesis consisting of hematite (including specularite) and quartz. Here, minerals of the magnetitic paragenesis only occur as relics. The protolith of these banded iron-formation occurrences envisioned as carbonate-containing sediments, with high concentrations of Fe and Si, and lower contents of Ca, Mg, Al (and also Mn where they are associated with gondite) underwent both submarine weathering and metamorphic changes in their evolution. During submarine weathering, sheet silicates and porphyroblasts of Fe-Mn-(Mg-Ca)-carbonate solid solutions, were formed. At the outset of a regional metamorphic episode, grunerite, garnet and porphyroblastic magnetite were developed. Magnetite formed at the expense of carbonate and sheetsilicates but was later martitized under post-metamorphic conditions. In the course of a later heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event, martitized magnetite was transformed as follows: under low-grade metamorphism, as observed in the northern Nigerian schist belts, recrystallization into coarse-grained martite occurred, while at the higher grades of metamorphism in central Nigeria, recrystallization into hematite and, ultimately, specularite, took place. This relationship between magnetite and hematite has also been observed in many other banded iron-formations from different parts of the world, thus underscoring its widespread significance. Magnetite crystallizes first at the expense of carbonate and silicate minerals and hematite is subsequently derived from it directly or generally through martitization. This metamorphic phenomenon contradicts the common assumption that magnetite and hematite in banded iron-formations are invariably the products of direct precipitation from solution, in response to changes in environmental Eh/pH or different (reducing/oxidizing) diagenetic alterations of precipitated ferric hydroxide. 相似文献
17.
川西北马脑壳金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征与性质 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
马脑壳金矿床是20世纪80年代末期在川西北地区发现的一大型微细浸染型矿床，它赋存于中三叠统扎尕山组地层之中，矿体产出受北西向次级断裂构造的控制。矿床的形成经历了成矿前金初步富集、热液成矿作用－原生矿石形成及麦生氧化－金次生再富集第三期主要成矿作用过程。热液金成矿作用可进一步划分为（1）黄铁矿－毒砂－石英；（Ⅱ）石英－（白钨矿）－辉锑矿；（Ⅲ）石英－雄（雌）黄及（Ⅳ）石英－方解石等4个矿化阶段，其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段为金的主要沉淀富成矿阶段。系统的流体包裹体研究表明，成矿前（Ⅰ′）及热液成矿Ⅰ－Ⅳ阶段石英中共发育液相、纯液相、含CO2三相、富CO2相及含有机质等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。测温结果显示，Ⅰ′及Ⅰ-Ⅳ类石英中液相及含CO2三相包裹体均一温度为120－300℃，热液盐度为0．5％－11．0％；包裹体成分分析结果表明，热液阳离子以Na^ 、K^ 及Ca^2 为主，阴离子主要为HCO3^-及CI^-，气相组分除H2O外，尚含一定量的CO2及CH4等；热液pH值为6．7－72，Eh值为－0．85～0.69eV；成矿热液总体属中低温、低盐度、近中性和弱还原性的含有机质Na^ -K^ -Ca^2 -HCO3^--CI^-体系类型。H、O同位素研究结果表明，成矿前热液主要来源于变质水和地层建造水，成矿期以来大气降水不断 混入并逐步占据优势。主成矿阶段成矿热液发生过明显的注体混合相分离作用，对金的沉淀富集成矿起了重要作用。 相似文献
18.
Geochemical patterns from two lag anomalies in the Cobar region of central New South Wales are described. The region is semi-arid, deeply weathered and some areas are covered by variable thicknesses of aeolian and alluvial transported overburden.Lag morphology and mineralogy are related to landform. In erosional landforms the surface is covered by lag, which is composed of coarse fragments derived locally from bedrock and displays varying degrees of ferruginization, together with a range of secondary pisoids. In depositional landforms the lag is less abundant and contains more pisoids. Deflation by sheetwash may lead to lag being partially buried by alluvium. In a large proportion of pisoid lag, hematite and goethite have been converted to maghemite, allowing ready separation into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The non-magnetic fraction is dominated by the lithic lag whereas the magnetic fraction is dominated by pisoid lag.The magnetic and non-magnetic components of the 2–11 mm lag fraction, milled to < 75 μm and subjected to HF-HNO3-HClO4 attack, give rise to distinct geochemical patterns at targets related to a variant of the Cobar style of Pb-Zn mineralization with variable silicification and to Zn mineralization in a swarm of quartz and carbonate veinlets. The patterns are influenced by metal source, lag type, surface chemical conditions and landtbrm. Differences in the correlation between metal contents in the magnetic and non-magnetic lag components, and between trace elements and Fe. indicate variable loss of Cu and Zn from the magnetic lag at some targets but retention of Pb. The presence of a readily cxtractable base metal component in the lag has implications for detecting anomalies in transported cover in the region. 相似文献
19.
惠民凹陷古近系碎屑岩次生孔隙纵向分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了在油气勘探的过程中更加准确地预测有效储层的分布, 根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳酸盐含量、镜质体反射率、粘土矿物以及储层物性等数据, 研究了惠民凹陷古近系砂岩次生孔隙的纵向分布规律.在小于1400m的深度, 砂岩的孔隙主要为压实和胶结之后的原生粒间孔隙; 在埋深超过1400m以后开始出现少量次生孔隙, 在1400~1500m深度范围形成原生孔隙与次生孔隙并存的混合孔隙带; 超过1500m, 大量的次生孔隙出现在1500~2300m和2700~4000m的2个深度段.所收集的砂岩孔隙度和渗透率数据在纵向上的变化关系也间接证实了这一点.次生孔隙主要为长石溶蚀成因, 碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀是次要的.在次生孔隙发育带内, 惠民凹陷烃源岩演化产生大量有机酸和泥岩中的粘土矿物迅速脱水是产生溶蚀作用形成次生孔隙的直接原因. 相似文献
20.
研究矿物的晶体结构与其光学性质之间的关系,这是结构光性矿物学重要的研究内容。如何把矿物晶体结构中原子的性质及相互之间的关系应用到晶体光学中,有效地定量地解释矿物的光学参数,从而又推动晶体光学进一步发展,这是矿物学家所共同关心的问题。早在1924年布拉格就注意到方解石与文石光性的差异,并用晶体内部电场的理论进行解释。帕伯斯特(A.Pabst,1973,1974)在研究两个碳酸盐矿物的折射率时,根据布拉格的方法,计算了它们的折射度,得到了满意的结果。叶大年(1974)在论述具有氖型结构离子的化合物的折射率时,指出矿物的折射率取决于电子层结构和核电荷,而不是取决于原子量。 相似文献