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1.
川西前陆盆地天然气成藏过程   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
川西前陆盆地具有丰富的天然气资源,发育上三叠统巨厚的煤系烃源岩,以生气为主,并发育多套储盖组合。天然气成因类型主要是煤成气,目前的气田分布主要受古隆起、沟通下部烃源岩和上部储集层的隐伏断层以及储集条件的控制。川西前陆盆地具有多期成藏、燕山期或喜山期聚集、喜山期调整等特点。来自上三叠统煤系源岩的天然气聚集主要在燕山期,形成原生气藏或下生上储型气藏;后经过喜山期的逆冲作用,对浅层储集层进行改造,产生的断裂沟通深部气藏与浅层圈闭,在对深层(主要在上三叠统)原生气藏进行改造的同时形成浅层(侏罗系)次生气藏。  相似文献   

2.
四川盆地上二叠统长兴组生物礁和下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩是“九五”期间的勘探重点,通过对长兴组-飞仙关组气藏的烃源岩、储层沥青和天然气的地球化学研究,确认了上二叠统的滨岸煤系泥岩和海槽相碳酸盐岩为主要烃源岩,长兴组-飞仙关组气藏天然气主要来源于下伏的上二叠统烃源岩,天然气以垂相运移为主,飞仙关组部分气藏天然气中硫化氢含量较高与储层中膏岩层的分布和热硫酸盐还原作用有关,上述这些特征与沉积相带密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
川东北地区飞仙关组-长兴组天然气富集机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
飞仙关组-长兴组气藏在川东北不同地区成藏要素基本相同,但是区域上天然气富集程度有所不同。为了揭示天然气的富集机制,通过烃源岩分析测试资料、岩心和薄片观察资料、测井和岩屑录井资料等,分析了川东北地区飞仙关组-长兴组天然气的来源、主力烃源岩生烃强度、储层性质与规模、天然气的保存条件、生烃演化史和油气藏的调整过程。研究表明:(1)川东北地区处于或邻近生烃中心,油气初次运移距离短;(2)礁滩岩性气藏相对独立,礁滩储层分布范围控制着古油藏的规模;(3)气藏上覆多套膏盐岩盖层,天然气保存条件好;(4)早期的古油藏经历高温已经全部裂解,形成现今的气藏;在构造作用控制下,天然气聚集成藏经历了古油藏的形成、古油藏裂解及古气藏的形成和现今气藏的形成3个阶段。对川东北天然气富集机制的探讨,有助于进一步寻找有利靶区,指导天然气勘探。  相似文献   

4.
根据川东北飞仙关组地层压力分布与气藏的特征关系,研究飞仙关组异常高压形成的地质基础及构造挤压在异常高压中的作用。川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏原始地层压力在平面上分布极不均匀,高异常压力区呈局部块状分布。异常高压气藏多处于海槽区和台内致密灰岩分布区,储层以裂缝型为主,甲烷含量高、储层不含或者含极少量的沥青、硫化氢含量小、储层岩性以灰岩为主,储层连通范围小等特征。中三叠统雷口坡组及下三叠统嘉陵江组膏盐岩发育和封闭是高异常压力形成的地质基础,燕山晚期和喜山期的构造挤压则是飞仙关组异常高压形成的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
通南巴(通江-南江-巴中)构造是一个ENE向展布的大型背斜构造,已发现河坝飞仙关组三段和嘉陵江组二段两个气藏.本文在区域构造-沉积演化、通南巴构造的形成期次与变形样式研究基础上,从构造与圈闭特征、储层特征与盖层条件、气藏流体性质、温压系统等方面开展气藏特征研究,最后分析烃源岩演化史及其与构造-圈闭演化史的匹配关系,总结成藏模式.研究认为河坝飞仙关组三段、嘉陵江组二段气藏的形成模式与前人总结的川东北成藏模式不尽相同,有其一定的特殊性.在印支晚期-燕山早期,通南巴构造形成雏形,幅度小,两翼极平缓,故捕获早期油气的能力较差;燕山中晚期,形成幅度巨大的构造,且处于南倾斜坡,有利于源岩干酪根和早期液态烃的大量裂解气运聚,此乃成藏的主要阶段.进入喜马拉雅期,NW向断裂对通南巴构造主体的改造和叠加,对早期形成的气藏系统进行分割、调整,最终形成以高点为中心、气水界面有别的若干气藏.同时,构造整体大幅度抬升,由于封闭条件好,气藏压力不降,从而形成高压气藏.  相似文献   

6.
运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学、催化加氢热解、GC—IRMS等方法和技术,深入研究了川东北飞仙关组储层固体沥青及可能烃源岩的地球化学特征。研究认为,飞仙关组储层固体沥青反射率高,双反射明显,为非均质结构储层焦沥青;在碳酸盐岩储层的各种孔隙中,呈脉状、球粒状、角片状或块状等他形充填,具有中间相结构和镶嵌状结构特征,反映其高温热变质成因;元素组成有S/C高、H/C低的特点,其固体碳同位素组成与长兴组烃源岩干酪根相似。储层固体沥青的可能烃源岩发育于还原—弱氧化咸水沉积环境,有机质来源于水生藻类;氯仿沥青“A”饱和烃甾萜类生物标志物对比表明,上二叠长兴组烃源岩是主要来源,飞仙关组、下志留统烃源岩亦有贡献;催化加氢产物饱和烃及其正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成显示,坡2井飞仙关组储层固体沥青与罐5井飞仙关组烃源岩具有明显的亲缘关系,这也可作为飞仙关组海槽相烃源岩对飞仙关组气藏有贡献的佐证。  相似文献   

7.
川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气运聚效率   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
设计进行了封闭体系下原油裂解成气的模拟实验,建立并标定了原油裂解成气及其碳同位素分馏的化学动力学模型,以罗家寨气田罗家7井为例分别进行了地质应用.生烃动力学研究发现,飞仙关组古油藏具备"高效气源灶"的特点,原油在中晚侏罗世172~151Ma约20Ma时期内裂解殆尽,且原油裂解气的生成与其运聚成藏作用具有良好的时空匹配关系,由此可促成飞仙关组气藏天然气的高效运聚.碳同位素分馏动力学研究证实甲烷成藏参与率达87%.利用生烃动力学与碳同位素分馏动力学结合的方法对天然气的运聚效率进行探讨是一个新的有效途径.  相似文献   

8.
塔里木盆地库车坳陷依南2气藏成藏期次研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
依南2构造位于新疆维吾尔族自治区塔里木盆地库车坳陷克-依构造带东段的依奇克里克背斜南部。通过天然气甲烷碳同位素、储集层有机包裹体均一温度、K-Ar同位素等方面的研究及其与天然气藏成藏过程关系的研究,确定了依南2侏罗系气藏的形成期次和过程,建立了气藏的成藏模式。依南2气藏的形成是一个连续过程,天然气藏的形成经历了早期有机包裹体形成和后期气藏形成两个阶段。天然气注入开始于吉迪克末期-康村期,该阶段是包裹体形成的主要时期。康村中期以后可能是气藏形成的主要时期。气源岩天然气进入储集层的排烃方式是直接排气,进入储集层形成气藏。天然气运移距离短,散失少;并有良好的煤系泥岩作为盖层,保存条件好;因而形成了依南2侏罗系气藏,原生气藏的主要控制因素是储集层的物性。  相似文献   

9.
四川盆地东部上二叠统长兴组生物礁气藏形成机理   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
长兴组生物礁气藏有边缘礁气藏和点礁气藏两类,前者较密集地分布在研究区北部狭窄的陆棚边缘斜坡相区,后者分散分布在广大的碳酸盐缓坡相区。礁气藏的储集层由海绵-水螅礁复合体中孔隙性晶粒白云岩组成,它们是礁滩相的颗粒灰岩经白云石化和晚期溶解作用改造后形成的。长兴组生物礁圈闭是受沉积相和成岩作用共同控制的岩性圈闭。圈闭曾有过古油藏阶段,气藏储集层孔隙中普遍存在礁沥青。礁油气藏的烃源岩是研究区东南部下伏的上二叠统海陆过渡相的煤系地层及北部海槽相、东部深缓坡相的暗色深水泥晶灰岩。生物礁气藏天然气组分特征与下伏或附近烃源岩类型一致,说明烃类运聚过程是以短距离垂向为主的。在上二叠统龙潭组-长兴组-雷口坡组(!)的石油体系中,烃源岩在198Ma进入液态窗,156Ma进入气态窗,103Ma是气态烃大量生成、运聚的关键时刻。储集层孔隙发育过程划分为原生孔、品间孔和埋藏溶解孔三个阶段。储集岩中的各种原生孔隙、早期模孔及白云石晶间孔在液态烃成熟、运移之前的近地表及浅埋藏期消失。埋藏溶解作用中-深埋藏期主要发生在晶粒白云岩中,它分为两期。形成于液态烃和气态烃运聚过程的前期和后期埋藏溶解孔是古油藏和气藏的主要储集空间。与之相对应,生物礁圈闭可划分为形成古油藏的前期和后期埋藏溶解孔岩性圈闭,古油藏形成于燕山运动早期,但在深埋过程中被热解破坏,礁气藏形成于燕山运动晚期。后来的喜马拉雅运动虽然改变了气藏的构造位置,但在没有断层切割圈闭的情况下这些气藏不会被破坏。  相似文献   

10.
四川盆地东部上二叠统长兴组生物礁气藏形成机理   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
长兴组生物礁气藏有边缘礁气藏和点礁气藏两类,前者较密集地分布在研究区北部狭窄的陆棚边缘斜坡相区,后者分散分布在广大的碳酸盐缓坡相区。礁气藏的储集层由海绵—水螅礁复合体中孔隙性晶粒白云岩组成,它们是礁滩相的颗粒灰岩经自云石化和晚期溶解作用改造后形成的。长兴组生物礁圈闭是受沉积相和成岩作用共同控制的岩性圈闭。圈闭曾有过古油藏阶段,气藏储集层孔隙中普遍存在礁沥青。礁油气藏的烃源岩是研究区东南部下伏的上二叠统海陆过渡相的煤系地层及北部海槽相、东部深缓坡相的暗色深水泥晶灰岩。生物礁气藏天然气组分特征与下伏或附近烃源岩类型一致,说明烃类运聚过程是以短距离垂向为主的。在上二叠统龙潭组—长兴组—雷口坡组(!)的石油体系中,烃源岩在198 Ma 进入液态窗,156 Ma 进入气态窗,103 Ma 是气态烃大量生成、运聚的关键时刻。储集层孔隙发育过程划分为原生孔、晶间孔和埋藏溶解孔三个阶段。储集岩中的各种原生孔隙、早期模孔及白云石晶间孔在液态烃成熟、运移之前的近地表及浅埋藏期消失。埋藏溶解作用中—深埋藏期主要发生在晶粒白云岩中,它分为两期。形成于液态烃和气态烃运聚过程的前期和后期埋藏溶解孔是古油藏和气藏的主要储集空间。与之相对应,生物礁圈闭可划分为形成古油藏的前期和后期埋藏溶解孔岩性圈闭,古油藏形成干燕山运动早期,但在深埋过程中被热解破坏,礁气藏形成于燕山运动晚期。后来的喜马拉雅运动虽然改变了气藏的构造位置,但在没有断层切割圈闭的情况下这些气藏不会被破坏。  相似文献   

11.
四川盆地高含H2S天然气的分布与TSR成因证据   总被引:44,自引:5,他引:44  
四川盆地是中国高含硫化氢天然气分布最集中的地区,目前已在震旦系(威远气田)、下三叠统飞仙关组(罗家寨、普光、渡口河、铁山坡、七里北)、嘉陵江组(卧龙河)和中三叠统雷口坡组(磨溪、中坝)发现了近10个高含硫化氢的大中型气田(藏),探明储量5000×108 m3.这些高含硫化氢气藏普遍经历过较大的埋深过程(储层经历过较高温度),储层上下或储层中间均发育有膏质岩类,且气源充足,具备硫酸盐热化学还原反应(Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction,TSR)发生的物质基础和热动力条件.从气藏地质特征以及天然气组成和碳、硫同位素等方面的证据表明,四川盆地中、下三叠统和震旦系气藏的硫化氢属于TSR成因.而且TSR对烃类的大量选择性消耗一方面导致天然气干燥系数增大,另一方面导致气藏充满度降低,气藏压力系数变小.  相似文献   

12.
The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin, which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs. However, natural gas with high concentration of H2S, ranging from 4% to 7%, was discovered in the Wolonghe Gas pool consisting primarily of porous reservoirs, while the other over 20 fractured gas reservoirs have comparatively low, tiny and even no H2S within natural gases. Researches have proved the H2S of the above reservoirs are all from the TSR origin. Most of the Jialingjiang Formation natural gases are mainly generated from Lower Permian carbonate rocks, the Wolonghe gas pool's natural gases are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, and the natural gases of the Huangcaoxia and Fuchengzhai gas pools are all from Lower Silurian mudstone. The formation of H2S is controlled by the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs, and is not necessarily related with gas sources. The Jialingjiang Formation in East Sichuan is buried deeply and its reservoir temperature has ever attained the condition of the TSR reaction. Due to poor reservoir potential, most of the gas pools do not have enough room for hydrocarbon reaction except for the Wolonghe gas pool, and thus natural gases with high H2S concentration are difficult to be generated abundantly. The south part of East Sichuan did not generate natural gases with high H2S concentration because the reservoir was buried relatively shallow, and did not suffer high temperature. Hence, while predicting the distribution of H2S, the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs are the necessary factors to be considerd besides the existence of anhydrite.  相似文献   

13.
Detailed geochemistry studies were conducted to investigate the origin of solid bitumens and hydrocarbon gases in the giant Puguang gas field. Two types of solid bitumens were recognized: low sulfur content, low reflectance (LSLR) solid bitumens in sandstone reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation and high sulfur content, high reflectance (HSHR) solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. Solid bitumens in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation correlate well with extracts from the Upper Triassic to Jurassic nonmarine source rocks in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and biomarker distribution. Solid bitumens in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations are distinctly different from extracts from the Cambrian and Silurian rocks but display reasonable correlation with extracts from the Upper Permian source rocks both in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and in biomarker distribution, suggesting that the Permian especially the Upper Permian Longtan Formation was the main source of solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations in the Puguang gas field. Chemical and isotopic composition of natural gases indicates that the majority of hydrocarbon gases originated from sapropelic organic matter and was the products of thermal cracking of accumulated oils. This study indicates that source rock dominated by sapropelic organic matter existed in the Upper Permian and had made major contribution to the giant Puguang gas field, which has important implication for petroleum exploration in marine sequences in South China.  相似文献   

14.
Detailed geochemistry studies were conducted to investigate the origin of solid bitumens and hydrocarbon gases in the giant Puguang gas field. Two types of solid bitumens were recognized: low sulfur content, low reflectance (LSLR) solid bitumens in sandstone reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation and high sulfur content, high reflectance (HSHR) solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. Solid bitumens in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation correlate well with extracts from the Upper Triassic to Jurassic nonmarine source rocks in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and biomarker distribution. Solid bitumens in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations are distinctly different from extracts from the Cambrian and Silurian rocks but display reasonable correlation with extracts from the Upper Permian source rocks both in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and in biomarker distribution, suggesting that the Permian especially the Upper Permian Longtan Formation was the main source of solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations in the Puguang gas field. Chemical and isotopic composition of natural gases indicates that the majority of hydrocarbon gases originated from sapropelic organic matter and was the products of thermal cracking of accumulated oils. This study indicates that source rock dominated by sapropelic organic matter existed in the Upper Permian and had made major contribution to the giant Puguang gas field, which has important implication for petroleum exploration in marine sequences in South China.  相似文献   

15.
四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储层成岩作用研究拾零   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
近年来在四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩储层中发现的高含硫天然气三级储量已近1×1012 m3。鲕粒白云岩储层集中分布在含蒸发岩的层序中,储层中有残余石膏、硬石膏及它们的模孔、方解石铸模(假象)等,表明白云石化流体与蒸发海水有关。白云石化由层间古暴露面向下增强的成岩层序说明这种白云石化是成岩早期发生的,并可能有大气降水与蒸发海水混合的影响。白云岩样品各结构组分氧、碳同位素微区测试数据差别显著,这说明采用岩石混合样做研究白云石化成因的地球化学分析可能导致误解。飞仙关组的白云岩中多数保存了原岩结构幻影、结构残余或原岩的全部结构说明白云石化过程是等体积交代。白云岩储层中的孔隙是各种溶蚀孔而非白云石化等摩尔交代的体积收缩孔。飞仙关组高含硫气藏储层中沥青和溶蚀孔的关系表明深埋晚期溶蚀孔最发育。在溶液中碳酸的电离常数大大高于氢硫酸,飞仙关组高含硫气藏天然气组分中的CO2相对于H2S的质量亏损和储层中有富轻碳的高温方解石充填晚期溶孔、裂缝表明储层中的晚期溶解作用是由硫酸盐热还原过程(TSR)中生成的CO2引起的。  相似文献   

16.
川东北宣汉-达县地区是我国重要的气藏发育区块。为了深入探索储层特征、物性与岩石类型,成岩作用的相关性,运用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等技术手段,结合物性测试数据,测井资料和压汞数据,对储层的岩石类型,孔隙类型,孔隙结构、物性特征以及储层展布进行分析。研究表明,川东北宣汉-达县地区优质储层为生物礁白云岩及鲕粒白云岩,经历过重结晶及多期溶蚀,粒间溶孔最为发育。长兴组储层孔隙度平均值为5.4%。渗透率平均值为93.41×10^-3μm^2;飞仙关组储层平均孔隙度为8%,平均渗透率为132,76×10^-3μm^2,孔喉结构良好。沉积相控制储层的岩石类型和展布,成岩作用尤其是溶蚀作用控制着储层的物性,而构造作用对储层的形成则有双重影响。  相似文献   

17.
In a very gentle platform-margin paleogeographic environment, platform-margin reef flat facies carbonate reservoir rocks were developed in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba field. Later weak structural evolution and diagenetic evolution caused the Changxing Formation to form lithologic traps, with good reservoirs such as dissolved bioclastic dolostone and dissolved pore dolostone. The Changxing Formation gas reservoir is a pseudo-layered porous lithologic gas reservoir under pressure depletion drive, with high H2S and moderate CO2 contents. This paper predictes that the conducting system for the Changxing Formation gas reservoir is possibly composed of the pores and microfractures in the Changxing Formation reservoir, the top erosional surface of the Changxing Formation, as well as the micropores and microfractures in the underlying formations. The Changxing Formation reservoir has experienced 3 hydrocarbon charging stages. This paper suggests that diffusion is the major formation mechanism for this gas reservoir. In the Middle and Late Yanshanian, the Yuanba area entered the major gas charging stage. The gas migrated mainly through diffusion and with the assistance of seepage flow in small faults and microfractures from the source rocks and the other oil-bearing strata to the Changxing Formation carbonate reservoir rocks, forming lithologic gas pools. In the Himalayan Epoch, the lithologic traps were uplifted as a whole without strong modification or overlapping, and were favorable for gas preservation.  相似文献   

18.
Origins of High H_2S-bearing Natural Gas in China   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher HES contents (HES 〉5 % mol.) is mostly distributed in both the gas reservoirs of Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, Puguang and Tieshanpo, which belong to the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and those of the Kongdian-Shahejie formations in the northeastern Jinxian Sag of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. In the Sichuan Basin, the HES contents of natural gas average over 9% and some can be 17 %, while those of the Bohai Bay Basin range from 40 % to 92 %, being then one of the gas reservoirs with the highest H2S contents in the world. Based on detailed observation and sample analysis results of a total 5000 m of core from over 70 wells in the above-mentioned two basins, especially sulfur isotopic analysis of gypsum, brimstone, pyrite and natural gas, also with integrated study of the geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, it is thought that the natural gas with high HES contents resulted from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reactions. Among them, the natural gas in the Feixianguan Formation resulted from TSR reactions participated by hydrocarbon gas, while that in the Zhaolanzhuang of the Jinxian Sag being the product of TSR participated by crude oil. During the consumption process of hydrocarbons due to TSR, the heavy hydrocarbons were apt to react with sulfate, which accordingly resulted in the dry coefficient of natural gas increasing and the carbon isotopes becoming heavier.  相似文献   

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