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1.
韩娟娟  吴大鹏  张涛 《城市地质》2021,16(4):424-431
使用网格布点法采集144个浅层土壤样品,分析测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属元素的含量.通过多元统计方法、土壤重金属含量空间分布及极值点分析,揭示了金矿地区土壤污染特征及污染风险.结果显示,区内浅层土壤重金属含量超过该地区背景值较高的元素为Pb、As、Cd,与背景值接近的元素为Cr与Ni.重金属污染风险较高的区域集中分布在金矿开采区、尾矿库、选矿厂及其下游约1.5 km范围内,主要污染元素为As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn,基本不存在Cr、Ni、Hg污染.相关性与主成分分析结果显示,矿山开采及冶炼是土壤重金属污染的主要来源.污染物的主要迁移途径为金矿开采区、尾矿库及选矿厂的废渣和尾矿析出的重金属通过废渣及尾矿堆的孔隙下渗进入底垫土壤,通过地表径流进入下游土壤中.  相似文献   

2.
韩娟娟  吴大鹏  张涛 《城市地质》2021,16(4):424-431
使用网格布点法采集144个浅层土壤样品,分析测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn共8种重金属元素的含量.通过多元统计方法、土壤重金属含量空间分布及极值点分析,揭示了金矿地区土壤污染特征及污染风险.结果显示,区内浅层土壤重金属含量超过该地区背景值较高的元素为Pb、As、Cd,与背景值接近的元素为Cr与Ni.重金属污染风险较高的区域集中分布在金矿开采区、尾矿库、选矿厂及其下游约1.5 km范围内,主要污染元素为As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn,基本不存在Cr、Ni、Hg污染.相关性与主成分分析结果显示,矿山开采及冶炼是土壤重金属污染的主要来源.污染物的主要迁移途径为金矿开采区、尾矿库及选矿厂的废渣和尾矿析出的重金属通过废渣及尾矿堆的孔隙下渗进入底垫土壤,通过地表径流进入下游土壤中.  相似文献   

3.
为了解贵州晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)潜在资源量和环境污染情况,对大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)分布及堆存情况进行资料调研和实地调查,测定分析了尾矿(渣)及周围表层土壤中Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd和Hg等重金属含量和土壤pH值等指标.结果 显示晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)锑的潜在资源量可达2.97万t,并伴生金583kg.晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)堆周围表层土壤pH平均值为4.74,属于酸性土壤;且研究区表层土壤重金属As和Sb受到了明显的污染,Cu、Zn和Cd可能受到一定程度的污染.此外,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染评价法和地累积指数法,对该区尾矿(渣)附近的表层土壤中重金属污染状况进行综合评价,均说明研究区表层土壤受到明显污染的重金属为Sb和As.建议考虑对该区尾矿(渣)中金属Sb和Au进行资源回收利用,这不但能达到变废为宝的目的 ,还能对尾矿(渣)进行减量化处理,减少其对周围环境产生的影响.  相似文献   

4.
湖南水口山及周边是湖南省重金属污染较为严重的地区之一,龙王山金矿床是该区中部的一个重要金矿床.为调查该矿床废石堆污染状况、是否为周边环境的污染源、污染途径、重金属迁移能力和潜在的危害,对矿区FS17废石堆进行了自然淋滤水和24 m浅钻系统取样,开展重金属元素总量分析,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其重金属污染程度进行污染评价,采用四步改良BCR提取法分析废石堆中8种重(类)金属元素(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、As和Fe)的赋存形态,并利用迁移指数量化废石堆重金属元素迁移能力;发现废石堆中Cd、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni重金属元素严重超标,且在垂向上分布极不均匀;其自然淋滤水样中重金属元素Cd、Ni、Zn、Cu也严重超标;废石堆浅层重金属元素潜在迁移能力顺序为:Cd>Ni≈Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Fe,深层重金属元素迁移能力顺序为:Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>As>Fe,浅层重金属元素的迁移性大于深层;说明该废石堆重金属元素含量高,是周围环境重要污染源,酸性废水排放为其释放污染元素的主要途径;Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni迁移能力强,是周围环境的主要污染元素;Pb、Ni、As的迁移性在深层明显降低,可以通过埋深来削弱其迁移性,而Cr不会对周边环境产生污染.   相似文献   

5.
内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黄蕾  王鹃  彭培好  王珏玮 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(4):450-454,349,350
以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni)含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为:Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。  相似文献   

6.
矿床原生晕的垂直分带研究是寻找隐伏矿体和盲矿体的有效方法之一。本文通过对 30余种元素的分析 ,研究元素的分带指数、变化系数和变化指数梯度差 ,由此得出矿床原生晕由上至下的垂直分带为 :Mn Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As( 1 82 0中段 ) ;Bi W Co Sb( 1 730中段 ) ;Mo Y( 1 70 0中段 ) ;Ni V Nb Sr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag( 1 6 4 0中段 ) ;Pb Ga B Ba( 1 5 2 0中段 )。 30种元素的分带序列为 :Mn Ag1 Pb1 Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As Bi W Co Sb Mo Y Ni V Nb Sr Cr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag2 Pb2 Ga B Ba。  相似文献   

7.
《地下水》2017,(6)
通过测量神木北部矿区及其毗邻地区2种土壤类型(风沙区和黄土区)下8种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni)元素含量,评价矿区整体土壤重金属污染情况。结果表明:研究区2种土壤条件下除Pb和Cd外,其他6种重金属含量较毗邻未开采区具有显著增加,但8种土壤重金属含量均没有超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准;风沙区土壤污染程度较黄土区大;重金属元素污染分担率表现为HgZnAsCuNiCrPbCd;Hg、Zn和Cr 3种元素在两种土壤类型中均为重度污染,As、Cu和Ni属于中轻度污染,Cd和Pb属清洁安全类。  相似文献   

8.
通过对唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物采样,采用3种不同的方法,评价了不同采样点重金属元素Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd、As、Hg污染水平,并进行级别的划分;分析了不同重金属元素富集的影响因素,为判别其沉积物来源提供依据;通过潜在生态危害评价方法评价重金属对该区域生物的影响,以期为渤海湾重金属防治提供参考资料。结果表明,渤海湾唐山滨海湿地表层沉积物中各重金属的污染程度从大到小依次为:Pb Cr Zn Cu Cd As Hg;主要污染指示为Zn、Cr和Pb等元素;其表层沉积物As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn存在低等潜在危害程度;重金属元素对生态城生物为负面效应且偶尔发生,其中As元素的潜在危害最强。  相似文献   

9.
徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析   总被引:43,自引:2,他引:43  
王学松  秦勇 《地球化学》2006,35(1):88-94
研究了徐州城市表层土壤的21个样品中重金属元素富集特征,结果表明,与我国土壤元素的背景值(算术平均值)相比,表层土壤中Zn、Cd、As、Hg、Sb、Sn和Ag等元素富集程度高;Se、Sc、Ba、Bi、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mn、Mo、Be、Ga和Co等元素的富集程度较低。不同城市表层土壤中重金属元素有着不同的来源,统计分析结果表明,研究区表层土壤样品中重金属元素可分成4种类别:“自然因子”类别元素(Ti、Ga、Li、V、Co、Mn、Be和Pt);“交通因子”类别元素(Ag、Se、Sc、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Br、S、Mo和Au);“燃煤因子”类别元素B(i、Cr、Hg、As、Sb和Pd)和混合源类别元素(Sn和Ba)。环境风险指数的计算结果表明,表层土壤中重金属污染具有较大的环境风险,其中属于中等环境风险级别以上的样品占近40%。  相似文献   

10.
土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区,采集表层土壤样品355件,黄芩样品30件,重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量(SOM)及pH值,黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上,采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明:金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区,其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%;金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni,五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区,Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区,其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高,Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之,Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量,区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区,Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响,其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。  相似文献   

11.
粤北大宝山是华南金属成矿带的大型铁铜、铅、锌、钼等多金属综合性矿床,富含硫化物,位于北江支流横石河的上游分水岭,流域封闭性很好。矿山开发引起横石河下游的上坝村成为远近闻名的"癌症"村,部分村民出现"痛痛病"疑似症状。由于其特殊的地理位置和对下游引发的严重污染,该矿山成为研究湿热地区含硫化物金属矿山重金属元素生态-环境地球化学迁移的理想场所。以Zn为例,该矿山重金属元素从矿体中向生物体迁移过程经过尾砂/水反应界面、水/沉积物反应界面、土壤/间隙水溶液界面和土壤/植物界面4个重要的反应界面。其中,尾砂/水反应界面控制重金属从源头尾砂中的释放;水/沉积物反应界面控制重金属在水体中与河流沉积物的沉淀与释放的平衡;土壤/间隙水溶液界面控制土壤生物有效性;土壤/植物界面控制生物对重金属的吸收与利用。4个界面的介质间相互作用较好地刻画大宝山矿山因为开采,重金属元素从内生环境中曝露出来,然后在表生环境中释放、迁移、转化、归宿的迁移模式。上述认识对矿山重金属污染治理具有重要的指导意义。通过改变重金属迁移反应界面的条件,可以阻断矿山元素的迁移,达到污染治理的目的。  相似文献   

12.
Consuming edible plants contaminated by heavy metals transferred from soil is an important pathway for human exposure to environmental contaminants. In the past several decades, heavy metal accumulation in contaminated soil has been widely studied; however, few researches investigated the background levels of metals in plants and evaluated the difference in plants grown in soils produced from different parent rocks. In this study, a systemic survey of heavy metal distribution and accumulation in the soil–pepper system was investigated in an unpolluted area, Hainan Island, China. Levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were measured in soils and pepper fruits from five representative pepper-growing areas with different soil parent rocks (i.e. basalt, granite, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock and alluvial deposits). Average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in pepper fruits were 11.52, 0.84, 8.77 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils are controlled by the parent materials and varied greatly from in different areas. Heavy metal contents in all pepper samples were lower than the Chinese maximum contaminant levels. The relationship between heavy metals in soils and biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of pepper fruits suggests that the uptake ability of pepper for soil metals depends mainly on the physiological mechanism, while in some cases, the soil types and supergene environment are also important.  相似文献   

13.
This study analyzed the concentrations and chemical forms of Zn,Cu,Pb,Sb,Cd and Mn in airborne particles,road dusts and soils collected along three expressways in Jiangxi Province,China,with different traffic densities,and identified the levels and sources of heavy metal contamination.The concentrations of Zn,Cu,Pb,Sb,and Cd except Mn in airborne particles,road dusts and soils were all in direct proportion to traffic volume.Cd concentrations were low compared with other metals.For instance,the concentrations of Zn,Cu,Pb,Sb,Mn and Cd were 6.6,0.7,2.2,0.1,0.1 and 0.1μg·m-3in PM10along the Changjiu Expressway,792.8,241.4,248.3,9.6,340.5and 8.0 mg·kg-1in road dusts,and 201.1,143.2,59.5,9.5,338.9 and 2.3 mg·kg-1in soils,respectively,but in the case of the ratio of concentration to the environmental background value,most serious contamination was caused by Cd.The sources of the heavy metals were judged by comparisons of the chemical forms of the heavy metals in different environmental media.Pb and Mn in airborne particles were both derived from traffic;Pb in road dusts and soils resulted mainly from the use of leaded gasoline in the past;and Mn in road dusts and soils was derived from parent rocks.Zn,Cu,Sb and Cd in airborne particles,road dusts and soils were derived primarily from traffic,and differences in chemical forms of the heavy metals in different media were due to the interaction between heavy metals in airborne particles and organic matter and other surfaces in road dusts and soils.We also discussed the change of chemical forms of heavy metals in particles of different sizes and under different weather conditions.Bioavailability of heavy metals in airborne particles was much higher than that in road dusts and soils,especially Pb(0.676 in airborne particles,0.159 in road dusts and 0.095 in soils).  相似文献   

14.
南京栖霞山铅锌矿区铅同位素示踪   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
南京栖霞山铅锌矿已开采50余年,环境问题日益突出。为了了解污染来源和污染传播方式,采集了该地水、土、植物、大气沉降、燃油灰尘、矿石、人血和生物等多种样品进行重金属元素含量和铅同位素示踪分析。结果表明矿区重金属污染严重,且污染随着靠近矿区而逐渐加重,重金属元素Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Zn之间相关性明显,初步反映了污染与矿山有关;同位素分析显示,矿区大气沉降样品、大部分植物样品、部分土壤和部分生物样品铅同位素组成与矿石铅同位素组成相似,证实了污染源为矿山。另外,大气沉降与植物样品铅含量高且它们的铅同位素组成相当,反映了大气沉降是污染传播方式之一。  相似文献   

15.
The given work focused on solving the problem of environmental geochemistry related to investigation of element speciation, their mobility, and migration in polluted areas. The purpose was to describe quantitatively migration, distribution, and redistribution of heavy metals by the example of the old tailings (Talmovaya sands) of the Lead Zinc Concentration Plant (Salair, Kemerovo region, Russia) and technogenic bottom sediments of the Malaya Talmovaya river. Contents of elements in the sulfide tailings range in the following limits: Zn: 1,100–27,000 ppm, Cd: 1.3–240 ppm, Pb: 0.01–0.81 ppm, Cu: 220–960 ppm, As: 15–970 ppm, Fe: 19,000–76,000 ppm, and Ba: 80,000–1,00,000 ppm. Element concentrations in the river sediment are proportional to the element contents in the sulfide tailings. Element speciations in the sulfide tailings and technogenic bottom sediments were investigated by the modified sequential extraction procedure. Chemical forms of heavy metals in pore water and surface water were calculated by WATEQ4F software. Principles of heavy metal migration in the sulfide tailings and technogenic bottom deposits were established. The obtained results about element species in the sulfide tailings and sediment explain the main principles of element migration and redeposition. In the mine waste and technogenic bottom deposits, there is vertical substance transformation with formation of geochemical barriers.  相似文献   

16.
 Nanjing is currently one of the fastest developing regions in terms of construction and economy in China. Heavy metal pollution is becoming more serious with the expansion of production and life scales. Four environmental units (highway, refinery, rubbish dumps associated with human daily life, and shoal of the Yangtse River) were selected from the region according to the geneses of the pollution to study and evaluate the distribution and mechanism of the contamination, the speciations of the polluting elements, and the geneses of the pollution in the soils and sediments. The purposes of the study are to understand generally the current situation and the cause of the pollution, and to provide a scientific basis to prevent and solve the pollution problem. At the same time, it would be helpful to probe the effective way of studying heavy metal pollution resulting from the development of modern cities and to accumulate data. It is indicated by the study that the heavy metals contained in the soil of the environmental unit of the highway are Pb, Co and Cr; in the soil of the refinery Cr, V, Pb, Ni, and Co; in the soil of the rubbish plot Co, Cu, and Sb; in the sediments of the shoal Pb, Co, Cu, and Ni. Fe-Mn oxide is given the first place to the speciations in polluting heavy metals transmitted by air. Carbonate is more in speciations of polluting heavy metals transmitted by water than in speciations of the metals transmitted by air. In the ten elements studied, Pb is most directly poisonous to the plants in the region; Co and Cu are the next, and Ni is the least. Heavy metal pollution has been occurring in the soils and sediments of the region and the situation will worsen if some effective measures are not taken. Received: 18 October 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998  相似文献   

17.
Heavy metal contamination was the main environmental problem around the Jinchang Ni–Cu mine area of Gansu, Northwest China. The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in various environmental mediums around the Jinchang Ni–Cu mine area were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The different chemical speciation of heavy metals was extracted using BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure, and the concentration of chemical speciation of each heavy metal was measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed that Cu and Ni were the most important heavy metal pollutants in various mediums including cultivated soils, dust on slagheap surfaces, tailings, and sediments in waste water drains. In the tailings and sediments, the concentrations of Ni were obviously higher than those of Cu, whereas, in the soil and dust, the concentrations of Cu were higher than those of Ni. Analysis of chemical speciation indicated that Cr and Zn were mainly in residual fraction; Cu was mainly in oxidizable fraction; Ni was mainly in reducible fraction and acid soluble fraction; and Pb was mainly in reducible fraction and residual fraction. The extent of contamination of various environmental mediums was different because the heavy metals were derived from different sources. Furthermore, the mobility of various heavy metals was different because of the different distribution of chemical speciation.  相似文献   

18.
Environmental impact of the mining activities in the Mahd Adh Dahab gold mine was examined through detailed chemical analyses of a number of samples represent the gold-bearing rocks, soils, dust, and plants from inside and outside the mine area and within the Mahd City as well as the surrounding areas. The obtained data were compared with the standard values of heavy metals concentrations in order to evaluate the pollution levels of these activities on the different systems around the mine area. The data of rock samples shows relatively high concentrations of Cu (up to 11.9%), Pb (up to 4.1%), and Zn (up to 14.2%), which attributed to the outcropping of the sulfide-bearing veins on the surface of the mine area. Soil samples inside the mine area show high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As compared to those from outside the mine indicating pollution impact of the mine activities on soils from inside the mine with these elements. Dust samples collected from inside the mine have considerably high concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb compared to those from outside the mine. Values of heavy metals in the collected dust from outside the mine are comparable with those from many big cities including Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, indicating contaminations with heavy metals to the dust from inside the mine at Mahd Adh Dahab City. Heavy metals concentrations in the stems and leaves samples of the various types of plants inside and outside Mahd Adh Dahab gold mine area show that they have relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Zn compared to other metals. Stem samples show relatively higher concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, and V compared to the leaves samples. Although values of most heavy metals in the plants, both stems and leaves, are comparable with those of the typical levels of heavy metals in plants, Co and Cr show relatively higher concentrations suggesting a pollution impact of the mine activities in plants with Co and Cr. As a conclusion, results indicated that the contamination effect of Mahd Adh Dahab gold mine activities are clear in soils and dusts inside the mine area with some metals such Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb due to their relatively enrichment in mineralization. Therefore, careful treatments of the waste dump materials inside the mine area are recommended to protect soils and air contaminations and to prevent the extension of pollution outside the mine in the future.  相似文献   

19.
土壤修复过程中重金属形态的研究综述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
重金属污染土壤的修复是现阶段污染土壤治理中的难点之一,在土壤修复过程中对重金属的形态研究已在多个领域中开展,并且在重金属形态及其与生物有效性和毒性等研究领域取得了一定的成果。本文综述了现阶段在污染土壤修复过程中对重金属形态研究的主要领域,分析研究重金属形态的必要性,总结出土壤修复过程中重金属形态方面应当从重金属在土壤与植物中的存在形态入手,研究重金属元素在不同界面间的迁移转化规律,通过阻断重金属元素在污染源、土壤、生物之间的传递链条,以阻止重金属对生物体造成危害,从而为土壤重金属污染的治理修复提供理论基础。  相似文献   

20.
矿山尾矿矿物学研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
陈天虎 《安徽地质》2001,11(1):64-70
矿山尾矿由于产生大量酸性排水和释放重金属,污染地下水和地表水,破坏生态环境而成为人们关注的焦点。尾矿引起的环境问题是地表条件下,水一气一矿物复杂反应的综合结果。近年来尾矿矿物学的研究已经揭示出尾矿中矿物分解和形成的规律,水一气一矿物反应的机制和影响因素,酸性排水和重金属迁移规律,为尾矿环境危险性评价和尾矿污染防治提供了基础资料和新的思路。  相似文献   

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