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1.
This paper investigates monthly, seasonal, and annual trends in rainfall, streamflow, temperature, and humidity amounts at Urmia lake (UL) basin and analyzes the interaction between these variables and UL’s water level fluctuation during the 1971–2013 period. Two new methods including nonparametric hybrid wavelet Mann–Kendall test and ?en’s methodology have been used to determine potential trends in the variables and their dominant periods. The results showed significant decreasing trends in the water level and streamflow series, moderate decreasing trend in the rainfall and relative humidity series, and increasing trends in the observed temperature data. The 8- , 12-month, and 2-year periods were detected as the dominant periods of the variables in monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales, respectively. The results from the interaction analysis revealed that the main factor influencing the water level at UL is decreasing trend in the streamflow series. Both the monthly series of UL’s water level and the streamflow series of the stations indicated two start points of significant decreasing trend in 1973 and 1998. Furthermore, a comparative analysis among the applied methods indicated a good agreement between the results of hybrid wavelet Mann–Kendall test and ?en’s trend analyzing method. 相似文献
2.
Jimmy Byakatonda B P Parida Piet K Kenabatho D B Moalafhi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(2):25
Arid and semi-arid environments have been identified with locations prone to impacts of climate variability and change. Investigating long-term trends is one way of tracing climate change impacts. This study investigates variability through annual and seasonal meteorological time series. Possible inhomogeneities and years of intervention are analysed using four absolute homogeneity tests. Trends in the climatic variables were determined using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s Slope estimator statistics. Association of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with local climate is also investigated through multivariate analysis. Results from the study show that rainfall time series are fully homogeneous with 78.6 and 50% of the stations for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively, showing homogeneity. Trends also indicate a general decrease of 5.8, 7.4 and 18.1% in annual, summer and winter rainfall, respectively. Warming trends are observed in annual and winter temperature at 0.3 and 1.5% for maximum temperature and 1.7 and 6.5% for minimum temperature, respectively. Rainfall reported a positive correlation with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and at the same time negative association with Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs). Strong relationships between SSTs and maximum temperature are observed during the El Niño and La Niña years. These study findings could facilitate planning and management of agricultural and water resources in Botswana. 相似文献
3.
Daily data of minimum and maximum temperature from 76 meteorological stations for 1960–2010 are used to detect the annual and seasonal variations of temperature extremes in the arid region, China. The Mann–Kendall test and Sen estimator are used to assess the significance of the trend and amount of change, respectively. Fifteen temperature indices are examined. The temperature extremes show patterns consistent with warming, with a large proportion of stations showing statistically significant trends. Warming trends in indices derived from daily minimum temperature are of greater magnitudes than those from maximum temperature, and stations along the Tianshan Mountains have larger trend magnitudes. The decreases in frequency for cold extremes mainly occur in summer and autumn, while warm extremes show significant increases in frequency in autumn and winter. For the arid region as a whole, the occurrence of cold nights and cold days has decreased by ?1.89 and ?0.89 days/decade, respectively, and warm nights and warm days has increased by 2.85 and 1.37 days/decade, respectively. The number of frost days and ice days exhibit significant decreasing trends at the rates of ?3.84 and ?2.07 days/decade. The threshold indices also show statistically significant increasing trends, with the extreme lowest temperatures faster than highest temperatures. The diurnal temperature range has decreased by 0.23 °C/decade, which is in accordance with the more rapid increases in minimum temperature than in maximum temperature. The results of this study will be useful for local human mitigation to alterations in water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of China due to the changes of temperature extremes. 相似文献
4.
Hadi Sanikhani Ozgur Kisi Rasoul Mirabbasi Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(15):437
In the present study, trends of rainfall of the Central India were evaluated in monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales using the Revised Mann-Kendall (RMK) test, Sen’s slope estimator, and innovative trend method (ITM). For this purpose, the monthly rainfall data for 20 stations in Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Chhattisgarh (CG) states in Central India during 1901–2010 was used. The Sen’s slope estimator was utilized for calculating the slope of rainfall trend line. Based on the obtained results of RMK test, there is no significant trend in the stations for the January and October months. The results also showed that for MP, two out of 15 considered stations indicate significant annual trend, while the CG has four out of five stations with significant trend. The results of applying ITM test indicated that most of the stations have decreasing trends in annual (16 stations), summer (16 stations), and monsoon (11 stations) seasons, while the winter (12 stations) and post monsoon (11 stations) seasons generally show increasing trend. Unlike the RMK, the ITM shows significant increasing trend in rainfall of November and December months. The finding of current study can be used for irrigation and water resource management purpose over the Central India. 相似文献
5.
Analysis of daily rainfall concentration in New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tommaso Caloiero 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):389-404
A higher precipitation concentration, represented by greater percentages of the yearly total precipitation in a few very rainy days, has the potential to impact considerably on water resources. In this paper, an investigation of the spatial and temporal patterns of daily precipitation concentration in New Zealand has been carried out by means of a daily precipitation dataset. Results show a different behavior between North Island, with the most critical rainfall concentration, and South Island, where precipitation concentration values on the eastern side are comparable to those of North Island, while the western side presents the lowest values of precipitation concentration. On a seasonal scale, the spatial gradients for summer and autumn are similar to the annual one. The application of the Mann–Kendall test shows a general negative trend detected in the eastern part of North Island, in particular in winter and autumn, and a west/east difference trend in South Island, in particular in winter and summer. 相似文献
6.
1960-2003年新疆山区与平原积雪长期变化的对比分析 总被引：35，自引：17，他引：18
对新疆91个地面站44a(1960—2003年)的>0cm积雪日数、冬季最大积雪厚度、冬季降水量和冬季平均温度统计分析,结果发现:伴随着20世纪80年代以来明显的增温增湿变化,新疆积雪呈轻度增长趋势,90年代增加明显.积雪日数和厚度与冬季降水量呈正相关,但与冬季平均温度没有明显相关关系.将91个地面站分成24个山区站和67个平原站的进一步分析表明,山区积雪增幅大于平原,而平原的冬季温度和降水增幅大于山区.60年代和90年代山区和平原呈两个相反方向的同步变化(60年代少雪、少降水和降温;90年代多雪、多降水和增温),但幅度略有不同.70年代和80年代山区和平原无论积雪还是温度、降水量都呈现明显不同的变化. 相似文献
7.
Study on rainfall variations in the middle part of Inner Mongolia,China during the past 43 years 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The study area, the middle part of Inner Mongolia including Hohhot city, Baotou city, Wulanchabu city, Ordos city, Bayannaoer
city and Wuhai city, is one of typical eco-geographical transition zones in China. Using monthly precipitation data (1961–2003)
from 45 meteorological stations in the study area, this paper analyzes characteristics and tendencies of annual and seasonal
rainfall variations, and reveals multi-time scales structures of these time series through wavelet analyses; also, the periods
of annual and seasonal precipitation series are identified, and the periodical oscillations and points of abrupt change at
the principal period scale are discovered. The results show that annual precipitation varies in a large range, and has an
ascending tendency at an increasing rate of 1.482 mm/10a; the multi-time scales periodical oscillations are clear; differences
in tendencies, ranges and decadal precipitation anomalies exist within each decade during 1961–2000. The seasonal allocation
of overall annual precipitation is extremely uneven; in terms of tendencies of seasonal precipitation, winter and spring have
upward trends while summer and autumn have downward tendencies; distinctions in tendencies, ranges and decadal precipitation
anomalies among each seasons are in existence within each decade during 1961–2000. The periodical oscillations of each seasonal
precipitation time series are also evident. The research results not only provide convincing evidence for global climate change
research, but also facilitate the understanding of specific natural process and pattern to make steps to rehabilitate and
reconstruct vegetation, and contribute to fulfill the sustainability of water management. 相似文献
8.
Muhammad Imran Khan Dong Liu Qiang Fu Muhammad Azmat Mingjie Luo Yuxiang Hu Yongjia Zhang Faiz M Abrar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(5):957-968
Variability in precipitation is critical for the management of water resources. In this study, the research entropy base concept was applied to investigate spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation during 1964–2013 in the Songhua River basin of Heilongjiang Province in China. Sample entropy was applied on precipitation data on a monthly, seasonally, annually, decade scale and the number of rainy days for each selected station. Intensity entropy and apportionment entropy were used to calculate the variability over individual year and decade, respectively. Subsequently, Spearman’s Rho and Mann–Kendall tests were applied to observe for trends in the precipitation time series. The statistics of sample disorder index showed that the precipitation during February (mean 1.09, max. 1.26 and min. 0.80), April (mean 1.12, max. 1.29 and min. 0.99) and July (mean 1.10, max. 1.20 and min. 0.98) contributed significantly higher than those of other months. Overall, the contribution of the winter season was considerably high with a standard deviation of 0.10. The precipitation variability on decade basis was observed to increase from decade 1964–1973 and 1994–2003 with a mean value of decadal apportionment disorder index 0.023 and 0.053, respectively. In addition, the Mann–Kendall test value (1.90) showed a significant positive trend only at the Shangzhi station. 相似文献
9.
空气湿度是重要的气象要素，与气温和降水密切相关，其长期变化特征是气候系统变化的重要表征。2003年前后全国自动站与人工站的更替使得相对湿度资料存在不能满足均一性的要求，亟需加强空气湿度变化特征方面研究。利用1961—2010年中国824个气象站订正后均一性较好的逐日气温、降水量和相对湿度数据，剔除缺测多的站点，采用线性回归分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和偏相关分析方法，综合分析中国水汽压和相对湿度的长期变化特征及其与气温和降水量的相关特征。结果表明:①全国各地年均水汽压呈增大趋势的站点占全部站点的90.3%；除春夏两季的黄土高原至云贵高原一带和长江下游地区、秋季的华南地区有所减小外，各季节全国水汽压普遍呈增大趋势。②全国年均相对湿度呈减小趋势的站点占64.1%；除河北北部至辽宁北部、陕西南部至黄淮地区、江南北部、青藏高原和四川西部地区以及西北大部呈增大趋势外，其余地区普遍减小；季节差异明显，春、夏和秋季，中东部大部分地区相对湿度以减小趋势为主；冬季除东北地区和云南减小外，其余大部分地区相对湿度增大。③全国各地水汽压与气温、降水量普遍以正相关为主，与气温的相关性强于与降水量的相关性；相对湿度与气温普遍呈显著的负相关，与降水量普遍以正相关为主。 相似文献
10.
空气湿度是重要的气象要素，与气温和降水密切相关，其长期变化特征是气候系统变化的重要表征。2003年前后全国自动站与人工站的更替使得相对湿度资料存在不能满足均一性的要求，亟需加强空气湿度变化特征方面研究。利用1961—2010年中国824个气象站订正后均一性较好的逐日气温、降水量和相对湿度数据，剔除缺测多的站点，采用线性回归分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和偏相关分析方法，综合分析中国水汽压和相对湿度的长期变化特征及其与气温和降水量的相关特征。结果表明：①全国各地年均水汽压呈增大趋势的站点占全部站点的90.3%；除春夏两季的黄土高原至云贵高原一带和长江下游地区、秋季的华南地区有所减小外，各季节全国水汽压普遍呈增大趋势。②全国年均相对湿度呈减小趋势的站点占64.1%；除河北北部至辽宁北部、陕西南部至黄淮地区、江南北部、青藏高原和四川西部地区以及西北大部呈增大趋势外，其余地区普遍减小；季节差异明显，春、夏和秋季，中东部大部分地区相对湿度以减小趋势为主；冬季除东北地区和云南减小外，其余大部分地区相对湿度增大。③全国各地水汽压与气温、降水量普遍以正相关为主，与气温的相关性强于与降水量的相关性；相对湿度与气温普遍呈显著的负相关，与降水量普遍以正相关为主。 相似文献
11.
The aim of this study was to investigate temporal variation in seasonal and annual rainfall trend over Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India for the period (1901–2014: 113 years). Mean monthly rainfall data series were used to determine the significance and magnitude of the trend using non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator. The analysis showed a significant decreased in rainfall during annual, winter and southwest monsoon rainfall while increased in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall over the Ranchi district. A positive trend is detected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon rainfall data series while annual, winter and southwest monsoon rainfall showed a negative trend. The maximum decrease in rainfall was found for monsoon (? 1.348 mm year?1) and minimum (? 0.098 mm year?1) during winter rainfall. The trend of post-monsoon rainfall was found upward (0.068 mm year?1). The positive and negative trends of annual and seasonal rainfall were found statistically non-significant except monsoon rainfall at 5% level of significance. Rainfall variability pattern was calculated using coefficient of variation CV, %. Post-monsoon rainfall showed the maximum value of CV (70.80%), whereas annual rainfall exhibited the minimum value of CV (17.09%), respectively. In general, high variation of CV was found which showed that the entire region is very vulnerable to droughts and floods. 相似文献
12.
Dust storms are among natural and anthropogenic hazards for socioeconomic resources, especially in desert regions. In recent years, dust storms have become a serious problem, especially in desert regions of Iran. This study investigates temporal and spatial variation of dust storm frequency in desert regions of Iran. The number of dusty days (NDD) are collected from 22 stations across the region. The statistical analysis of NDD time series is carried out to show both spatial and seasonal pattern of dust storm occurrence in the region. The regional map of statistical characteristics indicates a north to south increasing dust storm frequency. The spatial map also reveals higher year-to-year variation in south eastern Iran. The seasonality of NDD shows the highest frequency for summer followed by the spring and autumn seasons. The popular Mann–Kendall and the bootstrap MK test to consider serial correlation are then applied for Trend assessment. Results showed both negative (across the north and northwestern regions) and positive trend (across south and south eastern regions) in the annual and seasonal NDD time series. This north-to-south gradient in the spatial and temporal frequency NDD may arise from harsh dry and gusty winds as well as intense land use change in the south eastern territories of Iran. However, more careful and detailed studies are required to connect environmental conditions to change in NDD frequency. 相似文献
13.
Majid Javari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(4):78
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial variability of rainfall trends using the spatial variability methods of rainfall trend patterns in Iran. The study represents a method on the effectiveness of spatial variability for predicting rainfall trend patterns variations. In rainfall trend analysis and spatial variability methods, seven techniques were used: Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope method, geostatistical tools as a global polynomial interpolation and the spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I), high/low clustering (Getis-Ord General G), precipitation concentration index, generate spatial weights matrix tool, and activation functions of semiliner, sigmoid, bipolar sigmoid, and hyperbolic tangent in the artificial neural network technique .For the spatial variability of monthly rainfall trends, trend tests were used in 140 stations of spatial variability of rainfall trends in the 1975–2014 period. We analyzed the long and short scale spatial variability of rainfall series in Iran. Spatial variability distribution of rainfall series was depicted using geostatistical methods (ordinary kriging). Relative nugget effect (RNE) predicted from variograms which showed weak, moderate, and strong spatial variability for seasonal and annual rainfall series. Moreover, the rainfall trends at each station were examined using the trend tests at a significance level of 0.05. The results show that temporal and spatial trend patterns are different in Iran and the monthly rainfall had a downward (decreasing) trend in most stations, and the trend was statistically significant for most of the series (73.5% of the stations demonstrated a decreasing trend with 0.5 significance level). Rainfall downward trends are generally temporal-spatial patterns in Iran. The monthly variations of rainfall decreased significantly throughout eastern and central Iran, but they increased in the west and north of Iran during the studied interval. The variability patterns of monthly rainfall were statistically significant and spatially random. Activation functions in the artificial neural network models, in annual time scale, had spatially dispersed distribution with other clustering patterns. The results of this study confirm that variability of rainfall revealing diverse patterns over Iran should be controlled mainly by trend patterns in the west and north parts and by random and dispersed patterns in the central, southern, and eastern parts. 相似文献
14.
Spatial and temporal analysis of drought risk during the crop-growing season over northeast China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xingyang Yu Xingyuan He Haifeng Zheng Ruichao Guo Zhibin Ren Dan Zhang Jixiang Lin 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):275-289
Northeast China as an important agricultural zone for commercial and economic crop in China suffered from increased drought risk that seriously threatened agricultural production and food security in recent decades. Based on precipitation datasets from 71 stations from 1960 to 2009 and on the reliable statistical methods of the Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope and the Standardized Precipitation Index, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of drought occurrence during the crop-growing season (from May to September) and summer (from June to August). The results showed that regional mean precipitation during the crop-growing season and summer over the last 40 years has decreased at the rate of ?1.72 and ?1.12 mm/year, respectively. According to timescale analysis of abrupt changes, there were two distinct time series (1965–1983 and 1996–2009) with decreasing precipitation trends at a 95 % confidence level. A comparison between the two time series of these two periods demonstrated that more frequent and more severe drought occurred during 1996–2009. Furthermore, drought risk in recent decades has become even more serious both in severity and in extent. Especially in the crop-growing season of 2001 and summer of 2007, over 25 % (2.0 × 105 km2) of study area experienced severe drought (serious and extreme droughts). Our results highlight the urgent need for the development of effective drought adaptations for cropland over northeast China. 相似文献
15.
Recent Precipitation Trends in Hungary in the Context of Larger Scale Climatic Changes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The time series of monthly precipitation totals from 14 Hungarian observing stations (1901–1998) were analysed to reveal the long term changes in precipitation characteristics occurred in the 20th century. A particular attention was given to the changes in the recent decades and their links with the larger scale climatic and circulation changes over Europe and the Atlantic.The statistical significancesof systematic changes are controlled by linear trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test. The long term fluctuations are illustrated applying a 15-point Gaussian filter on the time series. The Standardised Precipitation Index is used to evaluate the changes in the drought event frequency. The relationships with larger scale changes are mostly discussed relying on contemporary papers, and the Grosswetterlagen Catalogue is used as well.The annual precipitation total decreased by 15–20% in Hungary during the 20th century. The decline is substantial in both halves of the century, but the precipitation sums in the transition seasons declined in the first 50 years, and the winter precipitation decreased in the latest decades. The precipitation total of the period November–February declined significantly in the last 50 years. In the same time the mean winter value of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) increased, the positions of the main pressure patterns over the Atlantic are shifted northeastward, and lot of other coherent changes detected in the winter climate of the European–Atlantic region. The mean summer precipitation total has hardly changed, but the frequency of summer drought events increased. There are some signs of a shift of the Hungarian summer climate towards a Mediterranean like climate. 相似文献
16.
松花江流域年降水和四季降水变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用松花江流域35个气象站1960~2010年的降水资料,采用协克里格插值法、线性倾向估计方法以及M-K秩次相关法等,分析了流域年降水和四季降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)流域年降水由东部向西部递减,51年来流域大部分地区年降水呈不显著减少趋势。(2)流域春季降水呈不显著增加趋势,夏季呈不显著减少趋势,秋季呈不显著减少趋势,冬季降水呈显著增加趋势。(3)流域四季降水在二松源头地区一带较大,流域西部地区降水较少,松花江中下游两侧地区居中。(4)春季,流域大部分地区降水增加,但不显著。夏季,大部分地区降水减少,但不显著。秋季,全流域降水呈不显著减少趋势。冬季,全流域呈增加趋势,且绝大部分地区显著增加。(5)嫩江流域、松花江流域年降水-径流关系发生显著变化的时间是1974年、1980年和1999年。 相似文献
17.
1971-2015年青藏高原东北边坡降水特征及主要影响因子分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1971-2015年青藏高原东北边坡20个站的降水观测资料和美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）再分析资料,分析了青藏高原东北边坡年、季降水量空间分布和变化趋势,并采用相关系数法分析和讨论其所受的影响因素。结果表明：青藏高原东北边坡地区的年、季平均降水量空间分布极为不均,总体上是从南向北递减,东北部最少;青藏高原东北边坡年、夏、秋季平均降水量北部呈上升趋势,南部呈下降趋势;青藏高原东北边坡地区年平均降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-3.1 mm·（10a）-1,其中春、秋、冬季平均降水量呈上升趋势,夏季平均降水量呈明显下降趋势;青藏高原东北边坡地区年、季降水量的显著周期为2～3 a、4～5 a及10～15 a;南亚季风对青藏高原东北边坡地区降水量影响显著,为明显的正相关,西风指数对高原东北边坡地区降水量有一定影响,相关不是很明显,与其北部降水量呈正相关,南部降水量呈负相关。 相似文献
18.
1954-2009年窟野河流域降水与径流变化趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过窟野河流域温家川水文站流量实测数据及神木气象站降水观测数据,运用累计距平法、R／S法、Mann—Kendall趋势检验法分析1954—2009年间温家川水文站以上窟野河流域降水与径流的年内、年际变化特征。结果表明,窟野河流域汛期降水量和径流量分别占全年降水量和径流量的76．6％和59．19％。20世纪50年代至90年代,径流变化过程基本与降水过程一致,但到21世纪初期,径流量出现明显下降趋势,截止到2009年,径流量已减小到1．25×10^8m3。从季节分配上来看,春、夏、秋三季的降水量呈微弱的降低趋势,而冬季降水却以0．04mm／a的趋势递增。通过对1975—2009年的煤炭开采与径流量的相关关系分析表明,虽然在这期间降水量没有明显的衰减,但是窟野河年径流量从20世纪末开始就出现了明显的减少,这主要是煤炭大规模开采等人类工程活动引发的后果。 相似文献
19.
为改进、完善对中国现代降水长期变化规律的理解,利用2 300个国家级气象站网观测资料,更新分析了全国1956—2013年基本降水指标的趋势变化特征。主要结果:① 全国平均年和季节降水量、降水量距平百分率未表现出显著趋势变化,但秋、冬季降水量距平百分率分别表现出较明显的下降和上升;② 年和夏季降水减少主要发生在东北中南部、华北、华中和西南地区,而东南沿海、长江下游、青藏高原和西北等地区年降水增加较明显;③ 降水趋势变化的空间结构相对稳定,北方降水减少范围有由黄土高原、华北平原向东北和西南扩散趋向,东北北部和长江中下游的降水增加范围变小,总体看东部降水减少和增加的区域均在萎缩,“南涝北旱”现象趋向缓解;④ 全国年平均暴雨量、日数呈现出较显著的增加,但暴雨强度没有明显变化,暴雨量和日数增加主要发生在珠江和东南诸河流域,而海河和西南诸河流域暴雨量、日数和强度呈较明显减少趋势;⑤ 东部季风区1日、连续3日和连续5日最大降水量均有一定程度增加,1日最大降水量增加最明显,连续5日最大降水量增加最弱,极端强降水事件持续时间呈现出短历时性倾向。 相似文献
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黄河源区气候变化的季节特征与区域差异研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
基于黄河源区有关气象台站的观测数据,对该区黄河沿水文站以上、黄河沿水文站-吉迈水文站区间、吉迈水文站-玛曲水文站区间、玛曲水文站-唐乃亥水文站区间各区域及整个黄河源区1960-2014年期间气温、降水的季节变化特征及其区域差异进行了分析。结果表明：黄河源区气温变化与全球气温变化有着较好的一致性,各区年平均气温与各季气温的年际变化均呈波动状上升态势并明显高于过去50a全球与我国气温的升幅,且各气温系列升幅差异不大;而各区年平均气温与各季气温的年代际变化的上升态势较年际变化的更为显著,但不同区域各季气温升幅差异较大。各区气温均在1996年后出现一个跃动,跃动后各气温系列均值较跃动前有较大幅度的上升。由于区域地理环境的影响,黄河源区降水量的变化比较复杂,各区各季降水量的变化具有较大的差异。近50余年来,总体上整个河源区平均降水量的年际变化呈不明显的增长态势。其中河源区的上半部分,即黄河沿以上、黄河沿-吉迈之间等海拔较高的区域年降水量增长比较显著,而源区的下半部分,即吉迈-玛曲、玛曲-唐乃亥之间的区域,年降水呈减少态势,并且对全区平均降水量与产流量贡献最大的吉迈-玛曲之间的区域,年降水量的减少非常显著。各区冬春季和夏季降水量普遍呈增长态势,秋季是河源区各季节中降水唯一减少的季节,其中吉迈-玛曲之间的区间秋季降水量的减少最为显著。各区域各季降水量的年代际变化较其年际变化差异更大,但近十余年来大部分区域各季降水普遍偏多。各区域降水系列亦有突变发生,但突变时间并不像气温系列那样一致;年降水量与夏季降水量的突变大都发生在2005年,秋季降水量突变大都发生在1986年,春季和冬季降水量突变的时间杂乱无序;突变前后系列均值有增有减,且幅度大小不等。 相似文献