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1.
Variations in soils derived from an erodible sandstone formation and factors controlling their susceptibility to erosion and landslide 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Environmental degradations caused by erosion and landslide within an area in the South-eastern part of Nigeria were assessed, and also an attempt to characterize the underlying soils based on their degree of susceptibility to erosion and landslide. Factors affecting soil erodibility such as physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as vegetation density and slope gradient was determined in 20 different areas. Simple linear regression and principal component analysis were employed to relate the factors controlling erosion and landslide to the erosion and slide densities, and to determine the pattern that exists in the data and as well express the data in such a way as to highlight their similarities and differences. Four vertical horizons and two horizontal zones of soil were distinguished based on their degree of weathering as well as their chemical and mineralogical composition; hence the soils were classified into six different types based on their degree of susceptibility to erosion and landslide. Variations in their degree of susceptibility to erosion and landslide were majorly controlled by its chemical and mineralogical composition rather than its particle size distribution. 相似文献
2.
滑带土是滑坡形成过程中形成的一层结构性较差的土体,是滑坡的重要组成部分。其物理力学性质、微观结构与滑坡的形成以及后期运动特征密切相关。黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡是按照滑坡地质成因划分的一种上层黄土、下层泥岩的具有“双层异质”结构的滑坡。此类滑坡由于在滑动中具有缓动低速的特点,往往早期不易被发现,发现时已造成了严重的危害。采用GDS三轴仪对天水地区花南村滑坡、半山村滑坡和咀头村滑坡三个黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡的滑带土力学性质进行研究,结合滑带土微观结构特征,分析黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡滑带土的力学变化特征及其变形内在机理。研究发现：滑带土中大量存在被黏土颗粒包裹的大颗粒,这些大颗粒在滑带土变形过程中经历错位、滑移等过程后,大颗粒进一步滑移受到黏土质限制,导致黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡滑带土在宏观上表现出应变硬化的典型特征。此外,剪切中孔隙水压力无法及时消散也是此类滑坡变形的重要特征之一。应变硬化造成滑带土在滑动中强度未出现残余值而导致滑坡处于持续运动中,能量的释放方式属于缓慢释放型。因此该类滑坡滑动具有缓动低速的特性。 相似文献
3.
滑坡属于地质灾害中的重要灾种之一，查明滑坡区的地质与地球物理特征，对分析滑坡形成机制、评价滑坡稳定性具有重要意义。鉴于此，本文将高密度电法引入三峡库区腹地万州区滑坡地质调查中，在区内四方碑滑坡、塘角1号滑坡和麻柳林滑坡进行地球物理探测工作，并结合钻孔资料对实测结果进行对比验证。实测结果表明：在地形复杂地区开展地球物理探测工作，通过数据反演与分析，可获取滑坡体地层结构及滑移面；结合相关地质资料，通过对比解译，可弥补单纯依靠钻孔信息来确定滑移面形态的不足；3个典型滑坡区地球物理实测资料揭露滑坡体和滑床地球物理电性特征表现为，由崩坡积物、第四系粉质黏土以及含水碎石块组成的滑坡体电阻率低于40 Ω·m，而由砂岩与泥岩组成的滑床电阻率高于40 Ω·m，高密度电法对基岩滑坡和土质滑坡都能获取较好的结果。 相似文献
4.
Landslide hazard zonation in and around Thodupuzha — Idukki — Munnar road (TM Road) in Idukki district, Kerala, India has been carried out using geospatial techniques. Being a landslide prone area a hazard zonation is attempted using terrain fragility concept. Based on the traverse mapping, slide prone areas and palaeo-slides along the TM road were identified. Precambrian crystallines consisting of hornblende-biotite gneiss, biotite gneiss, granite gneiss, charnockite and pink granites form the main rock types. Factor maps of various terrain parameters such as slope, landuse, relative relief, drainage pattern, drainage density, landform, and surface material were prepared and their integration carried out on a GIS platform. Based on geospatial analyses, the study area (438 sq. km) is ranked into four classes of relative fragility viz. highly fragile (8.25 sq. km), fragile (41.25 sq. km), moderately fragile (232 sq. km) and stable (156.5 sq. km). The first two categories together form 11% of the area, the most hazardous regions, which require immediate mitigation measures for slope protection. The study forms a basis for evolving a strategy for the development of the entire TM road of Idukki district. The fragility concept used in this study is a fast and cost effective model for identifying landslide prone areas, especially in the Western Ghats. 相似文献
5.
文章利用高分辨率激光粒度仪MS2000对我国典型地区5种沉积类型滑坡的滑带(面)土和滑坡细粒堆积物的粒度多组分分布特征进行了系统、深入研究,总结了不同沉积类型滑坡滑带(面)土与滑坡堆积物的粒度多组分分布特征及差异性,其对于认识滑坡的成因机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究认为:(1)不同沉积类型的滑坡滑带(面)土和滑坡堆积物的粒度一般含有4个组分,其分别为风成的细、中、粗粒组分和水成的悬浮组分; (2)不同地区不同沉积类型的滑坡其滑带(面)土粒度与滑坡堆积物的粒度多组分具有不同的分布特征; (3)同一地区滑坡的滑带(面)土与滑坡堆积物的粒度多组分分布特征有较大差异,主要受控于滑坡本身的形成演化过程。 相似文献
6.
黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡是黄土沿下伏泥岩等接触面滑动的黄土滑坡, 是黄土高原广泛分布的主要黄土滑坡类型之一. 黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡发育的黄土斜坡一般为坡度10°～20°的地势低洼部位. 上部黄土、下部泥质岩的“双层异质”斜坡结构, 倾向坡外的接触面构成的软弱结构面, 是黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡发育的地质基础. 地下水作用是黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡的重要引发因素. 斜坡上部黄土的渗透性较好, 且垂直节理和落水洞发育, 有利于降水入渗, 而下部泥质岩的渗透性差, 地下水易在接触面及其低洼部位汇集, 使黄土底部接触面一带岩土长期处于过湿软塑-饱和状态, 成为滑坡发育的软弱结构面. 黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡具有滑动速度低、滑动距离短, 滑体稳定性差、易复活滑动等活动特征. 受斜坡地质结构和水文地质条件的控制, 黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡变形破坏的地质力学模式为滑移-拉裂型或塑流-拉裂型. 相似文献
7.
Study on the influencing factors of rock-soil thermophysical parameters in shallow geothermal energy 
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下载免费PDF全文 Thermophysical parameters are the main parameters affecting the utilization efficiency of shallow geothermal energy. Based on the research and evaluation data of shallow geothermal energy in capital cities of China, this paper analyzes the differences between two testing methods and finds that data measured in in-situ thermal conductivity test is closer to the actual utilization. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of thermophysical parameters from lithology, density, moisture content and porosity: The thermal conductivity coefficient of bedrock is generally higher than Quaternary system loose bed soil; as for the coefficient of bedrock, dolomite, shale and granite are higher while gabbro, sandstone and mudstone are lower; as for the coefficient of loose bed, pebble and gravel are higher while clay and silt are lower. As the particle size of sand decreases, the thermal conductivity coefficient declines accordingly. The thermal conductivity coefficient increases linearly with growing density and decreases in logarithm with growing moisture content as well as porosity; specific heat capacity decreases in logarithm with growing density, increases in power exponent with growing moisture content and decreases linearly with growing porosity. The thermal conductivity coefficient is high when hydrodynamic condition is good and vice versa. The conclusions of this paper have guiding significance for the research, evaluation and development of shallow geothermal energy in other areas. 相似文献
8.
岩土体是组成斜坡地质结构的基本单元,斜坡地质结构类型与地质灾害的发育类型密切相关。店子街幅图幅调查范围内主要发育软弱-较坚硬层状泥岩、砂岩岩组,风积黄土单层土体,粉土、砂砾卵石双层土体,粉土、碎石和基岩碎屑多层土体等4类岩土体,这些不同的岩土体组成了6种不同的斜坡地质结构,进而演变形成了不同类型、不同规模的斜坡地质灾害。黄土斜坡结构和黄土—冲洪积层斜坡结构多演变发生小型滑坡灾害、黄土—泥岩斜坡结构多演变发生中—大型黄土泥岩滑坡灾害、泥岩与泥质砂岩互层斜坡结构多演变发生崩塌灾害、泥岩风化堆积层斜坡结构和滑坡堆积层斜坡结构多演变发生小-中型滑坡灾害。研究不同斜坡地质结构与地质灾害发育类型的发育关系,有助于进一步开展区域崩塌、滑坡形成机理研究,研究成果有助于洮河下游地质灾害防治工作的展开,并为地方政府科学制定地质灾害防灾减灾规划提供了技术支持。 相似文献
9.
月表光度行为描述了月表物质反射的太阳光随入射、出射和太阳相角的变化,其反射率的不同取决于月壤颗粒大小、粒子形状、透明度、孔隙度、表面粗糙度等因素。为了分析月表光度行为,了解区域反射率差异原因,本文以Apollo16登月区为例,使用M3（moon mineralogy mapper）数据反演Hapke模型物理参数,并分析了Hapke模型光度参数对二向性反射率的影响程度。反演结果显示,本文研究区域光度参数b、hS变化很小,光度参数w有一定的变化;表明本文研究区域反射率不同主要是w的差异造成的。研究区域月壤中各类矿物颗粒的前向散射占主导地位,月壤结构和粒径总体相近,但在孔隙度、风化层填充物状态及表面粗糙度等因素中至少有一种因素存在差异。 相似文献
10.
泄滩滑坡碎块石土饱和与非饱和水力学参数的现场试验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
碎块石土由于块石含量较高,块石粒径较大,其水力学参数的确定具有一定困难。首先,采用双套环法对三峡库区泄滩滑坡的滑体碎块石土饱和渗透系数进行了原位试验,并根据土层孔隙率、颗粒级配等因素采用相关经验公式对试验结果进行了分析。其次,结合使用张力计和体积含水率仪对其土水特征曲线进行了现场模拟试验,并采用Fredlund模型对试验结果进行了拟合分析。最后,根据土水特征曲线和饱和渗透系数,采用经验公式估算了其非饱和渗透系数。试验及分析表明,该滑坡的碎块石土层的饱和渗透系数为(1.78～3.2)×10-2 cm/s,为强渗透性;材料的细颗粒含量越少,有效粒径及控制粒径越大,不均匀系数越小,相应的渗透系数越大。相关研究成果可以为泄滩滑坡非饱和非稳定渗透计算提供参数依据,并对同类型土体非饱和水力学参数的确定具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
11.
四川某水库右坝肩滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拟建水库右坝肩处于由砖红色砂岩夹薄层或透镜状泥岩、粉砂质泥岩构成的斜向V形河谷中,无明显断层构造,雨水充沛且存在一古滑坡,经过调查,滑坡主要由滑坡堆积体和滑动面以及其下方的扰动带组成,滑坡区发育的纵向和横向结构面以及岩层面构成一楔形槽。认为滑坡的成因是暴雨下楔形槽内控制的滑移-拉裂破坏。经过定性分析,古滑坡天然状态是稳定的。采用极限平衡法计算古滑坡在天然状态、地震作用以及暴雨等工况下的稳定系数分别为1.45、1.39及1.27,由此可知滑坡在天然状态下是稳定的,地震作用对其稳定性影响不大,但暴雨作用下滑坡的稳定性有所降低。最后通过数值模拟再现了现阶段古滑坡的应力应变场和变形破坏特征。 相似文献
12.
我国高寒山地区广泛发育连片冰碛土堆积边坡,因其普遍具有级配宽、分选差、孔隙率大等特点,在复杂构造地貌条件和冻融条件影响下,往往会发生剧烈的水-热-质交换而产生富冰滞水润滑效应,进而诱发冰碛土界面型滑坡灾害。冰碛土界面型滑坡对该区域工程建设具有重大的潜在风险,而系统掌握高寒山地区冰碛土水热迁移及聚冰冻胀孕灾机制是实现该类地质灾害科学防控的基础性工作。据此,首先研究了冰碛土的粒度组成和结构特征,明确了冰碛土存在典型的“二粒组”的组构特征;而后,围绕冻融作用下冰碛土水热迁移及聚冰冻胀规律研究现状予以深入剖析,厘清了冰碛土的多相多场迁移机制及聚冰冻胀特性;最后,围绕冰碛土边坡孕灾演化过程开展研究,阐明了内部富冰带成因及滞水促滑失稳机制。研究表明:(1)冰碛土的典型组构特征为其水-热-质多相多场迁移提供了前提条件,也是诱发局部化聚冰冻胀的重要因素;(2)冰碛土因剧烈水热迁移产生的定向化界面聚冰现象,而界面效应是诱发边坡失稳的“源生地”,探究冰碛土边坡失稳问题应重点关注富冰带发育特征及其促滑失稳机制;(3)高寒山地区冰碛土边坡的孕灾机制主要受两种模式控制:①混态水-热迁移聚冰效应;②富冰带界面的滞水润滑效应。该综述研究以期为高寒山地区冰碛土边坡多相多场孕灾机制提供基础性参考。 相似文献
13.
侧向剪切扰动诱发滑坡是一种新型滑坡类型,深入研究其成因机理,有助于开展滑坡预警工作。2012年6月29日6时20分左右,贵州省岑巩县思旸镇龙家坡山体发生大规模滑坡,300～400万 m3岩土体失稳后堵塞坡下的马坡河,形成20余 m高的堰塞坝及库容达7万余 m3的堰塞湖。笔者在对灾害现场进行详细地质调查的基础上,结合现场调绘、航拍、颗分试验等手段,对龙家坡滑坡的基本特征进行了分析研究,对滑坡发生及成灾原因进行了初步分析。结果表明:滑坡区风化破碎的厚层堆积体、有利的岩层倾向以及前缘临空是滑坡发生的基本条件;滑坡区南侧地下水径排区被堆填大量粉黏土弃渣,不仅为该区斜坡人为增加了巨大推力,还使该区斜坡地下水局部富集。在强降雨条件下,南侧堆积区首先发生滑动,其对主滑体的侧向剪切扰动作用带动主滑区大规模失稳破坏。由此,对这类侧向剪切扰动诱发的滑坡,在进行地质灾害调查和预警时,除了应调查其岩土体特征外,还必须查明其边界条件。 相似文献
14.
Many gentle dip translational rock slides have taken place in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. In order to study the mechanism of these translational rock slides, the authors use the Anlesi landslide as a typical case study to investigate in detail. Field investigations show that the slip zones of the Anlesi landslide were formed from a white mudstone in Jurassic red strata. X-ray diffraction and infrared ray analysis showed that the main mineral components of the slip zones are montmorillonite, illite, feldspar and quartz. Laboratory tests indicate that the slip zone soils are silty clay, of medium-swelling potential, the shear strength decreasing significantly as the slip zone attracts water and saturates.The main factors contributing to the Anlesi landslide are recent tectonic activity, incompetent beds, and intensive rainfall. Recent tectonic activity had caused shear failure along the incompetent beds, and joints within the sandstone. With the effect of intensive rainfall, water percolates to the incompetent beds along tectonic fissures, resulting in swelling of the soil material and high groundwater pressures within fissures in the strata. As a consequence, the Anlesi slope is prone to slide along these incompetent beds.Flac3D software was used to simulate the mechanism of the Anlesi landslide considering the rheological properties of soil and rock. The simulation results demonstrate that the stress, displacement and failure area changes with simulated creep time. The maximum displacement in the X direction reaches 7.59 m after 200-year simulated creep. Therefore, the mechanism of the Anlesi landslide can be illustrated considering the rheological properties of Jurassic red strata. 相似文献
15.
Jonathan Peter McKenna Paul Michael Santi Xavier Amblard Jacquelyn Negri 《Landslides》2012,9(2):215-228
Some landslides mobilize into flows, while others slide and deposit material immediately down slope. An index based on initial dry density and fine-grained content of soil predicted failure mode of 96 landslide initiation sites in Oregon and Colorado with 79% accuracy. These material properties can be used to identify potential sources for debris flows and for slides. Field data suggest that loose soils can evolve from dense soils that dilate upon shearing. The method presented herein to predict failure mode is most applicable for shallow (depth <5?m), well-graded soils (coefficient of uniformity >8), with few to moderate fines (fine-grained content <18%), and with liquid limits <40. 相似文献
16.
以多重地层划分理论为指导,根据露头、钻井和测井资料的综合分析,在总结对比四川盆地及其邻区寒武系不同时期﹑不同构造单元地层划分方案的基础上,以岩石地层特征为主要依据,综合分析古生物特征及电性特征,将四川盆地寒武系自下而上划分为:下寒武统筇竹寺组、沧浪铺组和龙王庙组,中寒武统陡坡寺组,中上寒武统洗象池组。对岩性特征进行了详细研究,筇竹寺组主要为炭质页岩﹑页岩及泥岩;沧浪铺组主要为粉砂岩及泥质粉砂岩;龙王庙组主要为鲕粒灰岩﹑灰质白云岩及白云岩;陡坡寺组下部为泥质白云岩夹紫红色泥岩,上部为紫红色泥质粉砂岩﹑白云质粉砂岩夹紫红色泥岩;洗象池组主要为大套厚层状细晶白云岩﹑粉晶白云岩。四川盆地寒武系分布广泛且厚度较大,仅在盆地西部存在一个北东向剥蚀区,整体上在盆地中南部形成一个厚度低值区,向东﹑向南﹑向北厚度逐渐增大。 相似文献
17.
都江堰市五里坡特大滑坡灾害特征与致灾成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年7月10日四川省都江堰市中兴镇三溪村五里坡因持续大暴雨引发高位滑坡,滑坡呈现高差大、滑速快、滑距长、方量大、伤亡多等特点。野外观察发现,滑坡整体形态为倒“J”状,根据滑坡的滑动和堆积特征,可分为上部滑源区、中部滑流区和下部堆积区。滑坡区上部出露白垩系灌口组红色粉砂岩与泥岩互层,下部为块状砾岩,岩体结构为顺向坡。分析认为:地形陡峭、岩体破碎、地震作用等脆弱的地质环境和人类工程活动、持续强降雨等因素共同引发了本次特大型地质灾害,滑坡发生前48 h的544 mm累计降雨是滑坡发生的直接原因。在致灾模式上,主要呈现地震拉裂→基岩崩滑→加载失稳→滑流推碾→堆积停流的模式。 相似文献
18.
青海西宁大通县韩家山泥岩质多级旋转型滑坡形成机制研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
青海大通县韩家山滑坡是西宁盆地最危险性的滑坡之一。为分析该滑坡的形成机制,论文基于高精度的地形数据开展变形形式、平面堆积特征的调查;结合连续取芯钻探数据,重建了滑体结构;为定量获得滑动带力学性质的变化过程,进行了滑体与原岩物质成分、水理性质、应力应变性质的物理化学测试,讨论了多级滑动剪切面的形成机制。分析表明:(1)滑体内不存在软弱地层,为近似均质地层。滑体为单一的新近系红色泥岩夹石膏层,不具层理,不含大于0.25 mm碎屑颗粒。泥岩内粘土矿物含量在29.7%~46.3%之间,碳酸钙含量在9.84%~11.58%之间。岩体内含形态不一、大小不一的石膏结核;(2)泥岩粘粒含量高,水敏性与粘滞性强。泥岩干燥饱和吸水率最低为26.31%,最高为42.12%。泥岩样品环剪试验呈应变软化型,随着含水率的增大,强度急剧降低。滑体快速滑动过程中,非饱和的滑带土受粘性物质、孔隙性的影响,产生强吸力;(3)滑体以旋转变形破坏为主,斜坡受河流侧向侵蚀影响,滑床附近的岩土体渐进性破坏,出现多级滑动现象。 相似文献
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Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 in Richter scale, occurred in Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008, triggered about 257
landslide dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the initiation and development
of breaching of such landslide dams. In this research, field jet index tests were conducted shortly after the earthquake at
27 locations on the Hongshihe landslide dam and the Libaisi landslide dam. The purpose of these tests was to investigate the
erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The landslide deposits are broadly graded. The bulk density increases and
the coefficient of erodibility decreases with the depth of deposition. The erodibility of the fresh landslide deposits falls
into a moderately resistant category and the fresh deposits are much more erodible than the native geomaterials before the
earthquake. The main factors that control soil erodibility are found to be grain-size distribution, void ratio, fines content,
and plasticity index. Particularly, the coefficient of erodibility decreases exponentially with the degree of compaction.
Two empirical equations are developed for estimating the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress of the
freshly deposited landslide soils based on their basic soil properties. 相似文献