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1.
北秦岭早古生代宽坪岩体两期花岗质岩浆锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
宽坪岩体位于北秦岭造山带东部,岩体主要由片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩组成。锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb定年结果表明宽坪岩体可划分为两期:早期为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为448.3±4.5 Ma,该期花岗岩富硅、富碱,属准铝质和高钾钙碱性系列,形成压力较低;晚期为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为421.4±2.5 Ma,该期花岗岩属强过铝质和高钾钙碱性—钙碱性系列。系统的地球化学研究表明,早期的片麻状二长花岗起源于中上地壳(贫斜长石的源区)在H2O饱和条件下发生部分熔融形成的贫Al2O3、富Si O2花岗质岩浆;晚期的似斑状二长花岗岩代表较高温的中—下地壳(杂砂岩或是花岗质片麻岩)发生部分脱水熔融形成的岩浆,这表明北秦岭地区从450~420 Ma经历了从早期的同碰撞阶段到后期的后碰撞阶段。 相似文献
2.
通过1∶5万马兰幅区域地质调查,首次在东泉戈壁地区发现了环斑花岗岩。东泉戈壁环斑花岗岩分布于南天山碰撞带中部,岩体以富含暗色细粒闪长质包体和具有特殊的环斑结构为特征。该花岗岩呈岩株状产出,岩石化学以较高的Al2O3(14.47%～15.44%)、K2O(3.93%～4.7%)和Na2O(3.4%～3.7%),富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,具有弱的δEu(平均为0.79)负异常等为特征,表现出与典型的板内奥长环斑花岗岩明显不同的地球化学特征。其形成时代为晚石炭世(305±1Ma),恰好是南天山洋盆向北俯冲碰撞造山末期阶段,据此认为东泉戈壁环斑花岗岩可能是一种造山带型环斑花岗岩,形成于板块碰撞后的抬升环境下的I型花岗岩。 相似文献
3.
西藏米林县片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喜马拉雅是印度与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞作用形成的全球最年轻、规模最大和正在活跃的造山带。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术对位于东喜马拉雅构造结侵入南迦巴瓦岩群的片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩进行了测年,获得岩浆结晶年龄为515.5±2.3 Ma(早寒武世),提供了泛非构造-岩浆事件在东喜马拉雅构造结的记录。岩石地球化学分析表明,SiO2含量为66.47%~72.42%,A/CNK指数为0.98~1.08,平均1.03,在A/NK-A/CNK指数图解中样品大部分落入过铝质区,里特曼指数σ为1.53~3.08,为钙碱性系列,在SiO2-K2O图解上大部分样品投入高钾钙碱性系列区,在Harker图解中所有样品中的TiO2、MgO、FeOT、MnO、K2O随着SiO2含量的变化增加而减少,Na2O随着SiO2含量的增加而增加,均呈较好的线性关系。稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾曲线,(La/Yb)N为19.1~63.8,出现弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.24~0.88);微量元素表现出Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Zr亏损,而大离子亲石元素Rb、Th和U相对富集的特征。Sr、Nd同位素组成表明,丹娘乡片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩具有负εNd(t)值(-8.67~-10.57)和较老的Nd模式年龄(tDM=1.84~3.42),说明其来源可能是上地壳物质,结合87Sr/86Sr初始比值特征,推断丹娘乡片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩是在高温环境下经部分熔融形成的。通过构造环境判别图及岩石地球化学研究认为丹娘乡准铝质-弱过铝质片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩形成于后碰撞造山环境,结合新得到的513 Ma同位素年龄,认为泛非碰撞造山事件早寒武世在东喜马拉雅构造结一带可能结束,进入后碰撞造山的构造演化阶段。 相似文献
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华南板块内部广泛分布的早古生代片麻状花岗岩的形成究竟是与大洋板块俯冲有关,还是与陆内挤压碰撞有关,存在激烈争议.本文对广州市白云山风景名胜区内的片麻状花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主量元素和微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf-O同位素地球化学研究,结果表明:白云山片麻状花岗岩形成于晚奥陶-早志留世(444±6 Ma).白云山片麻状花岗岩含有原生白云母和黑云母,并且具有高的SiO2,Al2O3和低的MgO含量(SiO2=74.8％～80.4％,Al2O3=9.64％～12.7％,MgO=0.46％～0.61％).白云山片麻状花岗岩的稀土总量相对较低,变化于44～173μg/g之间,具有轻稀土相对富集的右倾分布模式,同时具有中-强的Eu负异常(Eu*=0.27～0.63).白云山片麻状花岗岩富集Rb、Th、U和Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti.白云山片麻状花岗岩具有富集的全岩Nd和锆石Hf同位素组成(εNd(t)=-12.1～-7.88;εHf(t)=-10.8～-2.63)以及高的锆石O同位素组成(δ18O=8.06‰～11.4‰).岩相学和地球化学特征表明白云山片麻状花岗岩主要起源于地壳变质沉积岩的部分熔融.结合区域地质和白云山片麻状花岗岩的地球化学特征,提出白云山片麻状花岗岩最有可能形成于早古生代陆内挤压造山的构造背景. 相似文献
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腾冲地块江东花岗岩体分布于芒市江东镇—项丘一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成。该花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为58.29±0.44 Ma,表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于古新世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩具有中等SiO2(68.66%~73.50%),高碱(K2O+Na2O=6.87%~9.04%),高钾(K2O/Na2O=1.87~2.20),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.97~1.36的特征。岩石属钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性系列,为过铝质S型花岗岩。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为158.85×10-6~304.26×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱到中等程度的负铕异常。根据岩石地球化学特征判别,该花岗岩的源岩可能是富含粘土的变质杂砂岩,在构造体制由挤压向拉张转变的后碰撞环境下部分熔融形成的。江东古新世后碰撞环境黑云母二长花岗岩的形成,预示着印度板块与冈底斯-波密-腾冲板块的主体碰撞在60Ma之前(即古新世初期之前)已经发生。冈底斯-滕冲构造带古新世构造岩浆造山事件与新特提斯洋的闭合及印度板块与冈底斯-滕冲板块间的俯冲、碰撞造山作用密切相关。 相似文献
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华南地区广泛分布早古生代岩浆岩,被认为是陆内造山作用的产物,但其动力学机制存在争论。本文收集了近年发表的华南地区早古生代岩浆岩的年代学和岩石地球化学资料,以揭示其岩浆活动的时空分布规律及动力机制。华南早古生代岩浆岩以S型花岗岩(片麻状和块状)为主,少量为I型花岗岩与基性岩浆岩(包括玄武岩、辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和镁铁质微粒包体等)。S型花岗岩广泛分布于东扬子板块和西华夏板块,但存在穿时性。邻近于东扬子-西华夏板块古缝合带的云开地块和武功地块(云开-武夷造山带内部带)的片麻状S型花岗岩形成于约470～410Ma,峰期年龄为～442Ma;位于西华夏板块东缘-武夷地块(云开-武夷造山带东缘)的片麻状S型花岗岩持续时间较短(约455～415Ma),峰期年龄略年轻(～435Ma)。I型花岗岩与基性岩主要分布于东扬子-西华夏板块古缝合带或西华夏板块东缘地区,最早形成于约455～450Ma,明显晚于内部带的片麻状S型花岗岩,但与西华夏板块东缘的片麻状S型花岗岩相近。西华夏板块与冈瓦纳北缘的微陆块在早古生代发生俯冲碰撞,西华夏板块东缘之下的板片断离,软流圈上涌减压熔融,发生玄武质岩浆底侵,导致下地壳增厚,... 相似文献
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阿尔泰造山带中广泛发育古生代的花岗质岩浆活动,它们对认识阿尔泰造山带的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对青河县西南方向敖包特花岗岩体中的片麻状黑云二长花岗岩及其捕掳体片麻状英云闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS定年,分别获得了407±3 Ma和491±3 Ma的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,为早泥盆世和寒武纪末。岩石地球化学特征表明早泥盆世的片麻状黑云二长花岗岩具有钙碱性-碱钙性和镁质花岗岩的特点,其A/CNK比值为0.98~1.08,为准铝质-弱过铝质,CIPW标准刚玉分子数主体小于1,且其具有较高的Y含量(27.2×10~(-6)~40.5×10~(-6))和Th含量(10.2×10~(-6)~27.0×10~(-6)),随着Rb含量的增加均有逐渐增加的趋势,表现出Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。寒武纪末的片麻状英云闪长岩具有较低的SiO_2含量(60.28%~64.01%),其初始铝饱和指数应为准铝质一弱过铝质,微量元素特征同样表现出Ⅰ型花岗岩的成因特点。通过综合分析认为该早泥盆世的花岗岩与寒武纪末的英云闪长岩均形成于俯冲相关的构造环境。 相似文献
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西藏类乌齐片麻状黑云二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,对藏东他念他翁山类乌齐地区侵入吉塘岩群恩达岩组片麻状黑云二长花岗岩进行测年,获得岩浆结晶年龄为(235.7±0.68)Ma(中三叠世),为藏东他念他翁山地区印支运动提供地质记录。岩石地球化学分析表明,片麻状黑云二长花岗岩SiO2含量为74.02%~77.47%,(K2O+Na2O)-SiO2图解中落入亚碱性花岗岩区,FeOT/MgO-SiO2图解中落入钙碱性区域,SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解中落入铁质区。A/CNK指数为1.41,属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩。稀土分布模式为轻稀土富集的右倾曲线,Eu具明显负异常(δEu=0.05~0.35)。微量元素表现出Ba,Sr,Zr,Hf亏损,Rb,Th,U相对富集特征。据CaO/Na2O比值、Rb-Sr-Ba含量变化及地球化学特征,该岩体形成于上地壳,源岩为泥质岩石花岗质岩浆。结合地球化学特征及区域地质背景认为,藏东他念他翁山地区侵入恩达岩组片麻状黑云二长花岗岩属S型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞地球动力学环境。 相似文献
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祁连西段野马南山一带发育大量的加里东期花岗岩，其中大部分花岗岩具有与adakite岩相似的地球化学特征，SiO2≥56％，Al2O3≥15．0％，低MgO(平均2.04％)，高Sr(257-889μg／g，平均值546．42μg／g)，低Y(7．1-25．3μg／g，平均16．67μg／g)，Sr／Y平均为35．89μg／g，Eu无明显负异常，Sr正异常，Adakite岩石类型有石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩、角闪花岗岩、二长花岗岩，岩石中普遍含有角闪石，属Ⅰ型花岗岩，地球化学图解反映该花岗岩形成环境为板块碰撞前的岛弧型，锆石U—Pb同位素年龄为444 38／-33Ma，处在祁连造山带板块俯冲收缩阶段，因此可以推断野马南山埃达克质Adakite花岗岩是俯冲板片部分融熔和壳幔岩浆混合形成的。这一发现对于丰富中国埃达克岩的研究和对祁连造山带演化、地球动力学以及成矿作用的研究具有重大意义。 相似文献
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白土滩花岗质杂岩体主要由黑云二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩构成。通过锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测得黑云二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的年龄分别为(291±2)Ma和(277±3)Ma。岩石地球化学研究表明,与黑云二长花岗岩相比,花岗闪长岩中硅、碱较低,而铝较高;高∑REE和∑LREE,低铕负异常;富Cr,Zn,Sr,Zr,Ba和Hf,贫Rb,Ta和Th,Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf均升高,DI,Rb/Sr下降,从花岗闪长岩到黑云二长花岗岩表现出连续分异演化的趋势。结合区域地质特征认为,白土滩花岗质杂岩体为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,其源区物质是含水的、碱性和高钾钙碱性的安山岩和玄武质安山岩,形成于南天山东段碰撞造山的碰撞-后碰撞阶段。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献