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1.
基于极限分析上限定理与土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,考虑土的强度分布的非均质性与各向异性, 建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式。对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,考虑土的强度非均质性与各向异性的条件,利用极限分析上限定理建立阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧有效土压力。通过大量的变动参数对比计算,探讨了土的强度的非均质性与各向异性等因素对阻滑桩桩侧极限抗力及最优加固位置的影响。 相似文献
2.
W. D. Guo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):1969-1989
Recent study indicates that the response of rigid passive piles is dominated by elastic pile–soil interaction and may be estimated using theory for lateral piles. The difference lies in that passive piles normally are associated with a large scatter of the ratio of maximum bending moment over maximum shear force and induce a limiting pressure that is ~1/3 that on laterally loaded piles. This disparity prompts this study. This paper proposes pressure‐based pile–soil models and develops their associated solutions to capture response of rigid piles subjected to soil movement. The impact of soil movement was encapsulated into a power‐law distributed loading over a sliding depth, and load transfer model was adopted to mimic the pile–soil interaction. The solutions are presented in explicit expressions and can be readily obtained. They are capable of capturing responses of model piles in a sliding soil owing to the impact of sliding depth and relative strength between sliding and stable layer on limiting force prior to ultimate state. In comparison with available solutions for ultimate state, this study reveals the 1/3 limiting pressure (of the active piles) on passive piles was induced by elastic interaction. The current models employing distributed pressure for moving soil are more pertinent to passive piles (rather than plastic soil flow). An example calculation against instrumented model piles is provided, which demonstrates the accuracy of the current solutions for design slope stabilising piles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
阻滑桩加固土坡稳定性分析的上限解法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从极限分析机动学方法出发,利用土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的临界稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式.对于典型问题,通过与现有极限平衡解和有限元数值解的对比分析,验证了这种上限解法的合理性.进而对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,利用极限分析上限定理建立了阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定了极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧土压力,以此为土坡加固中阻滑桩设计提供依据.通过数值计算与分析探讨了阻滑桩加固位置的优化布置等问题. 相似文献
4.
边坡桩-土相互作用的土拱力学模型与桩间距问题 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
桩-土相互作用机制是边坡抗滑桩设计需要考虑的重要因素之一。基于抗滑桩在侧向荷载作用下的受力条件,通过土力学和弹性力学的基本理论,导出了桩-土作用下桩后土体任意点的应力解析解,建立了土拱的力学模型;获得了土拱应力的等值线分布,得出了双曲拱、扩肩拱、马鞍拱和圆弧拱4种土拱形态,分析了不同桩间距、桩宽、桩后距离及土体力学特性对土拱效应的影响及其变化规律,阐明了土拱的作用机制。以拱体内土体破坏时的极限平衡状态为依据,基于Mohr-Coulomb抗剪强度理论建立了最大桩间距控制方程,并给出了具体的工程实例,对桩-土相互作用机制和抗滑桩设计理论研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
Kinematic analysis of pile behavior for improvement of slope stability in fractured and saturated Hoek–Brown rock masses 
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下载免费PDF全文 Because of a multitude of steep slopes being constructed adjacent to roadways, there is greater concern of landslide occurrence, particularly in instances where poor geomaterials are present. Installation of piles along the slope is one commonly adopted method. This paper presents the assessment of the stability of a rock slope with stabilizing piles based on kinematic analysis. The pile effect is introduced with a resultant lateral force and a moment. Upper bound solutions of the pile's lateral force are derived with a log‐spiral rotational failure mechanism. The slope performance based on the bearing capacity of surcharge loading is also discussed with consideration of pore water pressure. In order to substantiate the derived theoretical solutions, numerical analysis with optimization technique is carried out. Results demonstrate that rock materials with high quality are conducive to ensure slope stability. Reduced lateral force on the pile is produced with lower rock weight, slope height, and surcharge loading. Finally, the safety factor and stability coefficient are discussed to complete the evaluation of the slope stability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movements using a three‐dimensional displacement approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(2):235-268
An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient that is obtained from the analytical solution, taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. For the relationship between the lateral pressure and the horizontal displacement, it is assumed that the behavior is linear elastic up to lateral soil yield, and the lateral pressure is constant under the lateral soil yield. The interaction factors between piles subjected to both lateral load and moment are calculated, taking into account the lateral soil movement. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account the Mindlin equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. For lateral movement, lateral pressure, bending moment, and interaction factors, there are small differences between results obtained from the 1‐D and the 3‐D displacement methods except a very flexible pile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Torsional piles in non-homogeneous media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The torsional response of a pile exhibits features which are a mixture of those for axial and lateral response. At low load levels, the response is dominated by interaction with the upper soil layers and by the pile rigidity itself, similar to laterally loaded piles. However, failure will generally occur by the whole pile twisting, and so the latter part of the response incorporates the integrated effect of all soil penetrated by the pile, as is the case for axial loading.
In view of the above, solutions for the torsional response of pile must endeavour to incorporate accurate modelling of the soil stiffness profile, and also pay appropriate attention to the gradual development of slip (relative twist) between pile and soil. The paper presents analytical and numerical solutions for the torsional response of piles embedded in non-homogeneous soil, where the stiffness profile follows a simple power law with depth. The solutions encompass: (1) vertical non-homogeneity of soil expressed as a power law; (2) non-linear soil response, modelled using a hyperbolic stressstrain law; (3) effect of relative slip between pile and soil for non-homogeneous stiffness and limiting shaft friction; (4) expressions for the critical pile slenderness ratio (or length) beyond which the pile head response becomes independent of the pile length.
The solutions are developed using a load transfer approach, with each soil layer acting independently from neighbouring layers, and are expressed in terms of Bessel functions of non-integer order, and as simple non-dimensionalised charts. The solutions are applied to two well-documented case histories in the latter part of the paper. 相似文献
8.
轴向和横向荷载作用下单桩的受力变形分析是桩基研究的重点内容之一。单桩在水平荷载作用下会产生一定的水平位移与弯矩，而此时作用轴向荷载会使得桩体出现一定的压曲与附加弯矩，以致轴横向荷载作用下的单桩受力变形与单独作用水平荷载或轴向荷载的单桩存在较大的区别。故本文基于能量法，首先分别建立轴横向荷载作用下单桩的受力变形能量方程以及桩周土体能量方程，然后考虑桩土变形协调与一定的桩土相互作用，基于最小势能原理得到单桩变形控制微分方程，并采用幂级数法进行求解，最终得到轴横向荷载作用下单桩受力变形分析的幂级数解答。通过编程计算，将本文方法计算结果与试验结果、数值分析结果、规范法计算结果进行对比分析，验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。在此基础上，基于本文解答进行了影响参数分析，结果表明:桩体长径比、桩土弹性模量比、桩周土模量深度变化系数均对轴横向受荷单桩的桩身水平位移与最大弯矩值有一定的影响，其中桩周土模量深度变化系数以不小于0.6为宜。 相似文献
9.
Pile group interaction effects on the lateral pile resistance are investigated for the case of a laterally loaded row of piles in clay. Both uniform undrained shear strength and linearly increasing with depth shear strength profiles are considered. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are presented, which are used to identify the predominant failure modes and to calculate the reduction in lateral resistance due to group effects. A limited number of two-dimensional analyses are also presented in order to examine the behaviour of very closely spaced piles. It is shown that, contrary to current practice, group effects vary with depth; they are insignificant close to the ground surface, increase to a maximum value at intermediate depths and finally reduce to a constant value at great depth. The effect of pile spacing and pile–soil adhesion are investigated and equations are developed for the calculation of a depth dependent reduction factor, which when multiplied by the limiting lateral pressure along a single pile, provides the corresponding variation of soil pressure along a pile in a pile row. This reduction factor is used to perform p–y analyses, which show that, due to this variation of group effects on the lateral soil pressures with depth, the overall group interaction effects depend on the pile length. Comparisons are also made with approaches used in practice that assume constant with depth reduction factors. 相似文献
10.
Three-dimensional (3D) numerical analyses have been carried out to study the behaviour of a single pile to adjacent tunnelling in the lateral direction of the pile. The numerical analyses have included comparisons between the current study, previous elastic solutions and advanced 3D elasto-plastic analyses. In the numerical analyses, the interaction between the tunnel, the pile and the soil next to the pile has been analysed. The study includes the axial force distributions on the pile, the relative shear displacement between the pile and the soil, the shear stresses at the soil next to the pile and the pile settlement. In particular, the shear stress transfer mechanism along the pile related to tunnel advancement has been analysed by using interface elements allowing soil slip. It has been found that existing solutions may not accurately estimate the pile behaviour since several key issues are not included. Due to changes in the relative shear displacement between the pile and the soil next to the pile with tunnel advancement, the shear stresses and axial force distributions along the pile change drastically. Downward shear stress develops at the upper part of the pile, while upward shear stress is mobilised at the lower part of the pile, resulting in a compressive force on the pile. A maximum compressive force of about 0.25–0.52Pa was developed on the pile, solely due to tunnelling, depending on the pile tip locations relative to the tunnel position, where Pa is the service pile loading prior to tunnelling. The majority of the axial force on the pile developed within ±2D in the transverse direction (behind and ahead of piles) relative to the pile position, where D is the tunnel diameter. In addition, mobilisation of shear strength at the pile–soil interface was found to be a key factor governing pile–soil–tunnelling interaction. The reduction of apparent allowable pile capacity due to tunnelling was dependent on the pile location relative to the tunnel position. Some insights into the pile behaviour in tunnelling obtained from the numerical analyses will be reported and discussed. 相似文献
11.
掌握高速铁路陡坡地基条件下路肩桩板墙力学特性是路堤侧向变形控制的关键。以贵广高速铁路某陡坡地基路肩桩板墙为试验工点,对墙背土压力、桩身内力与变形进行了900余天现场长期观测,讨论了墙后路堤分层填筑引起的墙土侧向变形形态差异及机械碾压残余应力对土压力分布的影响。结果表明：适应高速铁路小变形要求的强约束、深锚固路肩桩板墙能有效控制陡坡地基路堤侧向变形,桩体仅呈0.94‰的近似刚性转动,填筑完成后变形约占30%,且1.0～1.5 a趋于稳定;经碾压密实的墙后粗粒土填料,即使在小变形下依然能达到主动土压力状态;分层填筑引起墙后填土侧向变形呈现的“上小下大”分布形态与墙体位移相反,是墙背土压力呈现出中部大、两端小抛物线分布模式的重要因素;基于适筋梁受力状态及平截面假定,分别结合实测钢筋应力与混凝土应变换算得到的桩身弯矩具有良好的一致性,与极限地基反力法的理论计算吻合。 相似文献
12.
地下水渗流对冻土区模型桩力学特性的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了研究冻土区地下水的渗流效应对桩基的荷载传递规律的影响,考虑到桩身轴力、桩侧冻结应力和桩周土温度对桩基承载力均有影响,依据室内模拟试验,分别模拟了无地下水、桩顶水有温度效应、桩底水有温度效应、桩顶水有温度及渗流效应、桩底水有温度及渗流效应5种不同工况下地下水对冻土桩基承载力的影响。试验结果表明：无论是桩顶水还是桩底水,在接近地下水处,同时有温度效应及渗流效应的轴力值变化比仅有温度效应时的小,当地下水为桩底水时加载后的桩轴力小于地下水为桩顶水时的轴力值;桩底水引起的桩侧冻结应力变化幅度比桩顶水大,地下水的温度效应使得部分冻土温度升高而融化,而地下水的渗流效应进一步增大了冻土融化范围,使得桩基力学特性发生改变,进而影响了桩基承载力。 相似文献
13.
Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(9):937-968
An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
滑坡治理中抗滑桩桩位分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用有限元强度折减法对单排桩、桩间距为4 m的抗滑桩在不同设桩位置加固滑坡进行数值模拟,研究发现不同的桩位影响滑坡的稳定安全系数、滑动面的位置和形状。桩位不同决定了是桩后土体还是桩前土体滑落。桩位选择的一个重要原则是加固后滑坡体的稳定安全系数必须大于设计要求的安全系数,否则就会出现桩端越顶破坏或桩前土体滑落。斜坡在同一稳定安全系数下,桩位不同时抗滑桩所受的滑坡推力、桩的内力（剪力、弯矩）和桩的挠度不同。抗滑桩位于斜坡中部时,桩身长度较长,推力和内力大,是不合理的桩位;但桩身挠度大,提供的桩前抗力也大。按常规方法与按有限元法计算桩前无土体的悬臂桩桩上推力是相近的。把桩视作埋入滑坡体中的梁单元,按有限元法算出的推力比较小,因为它已经充分考虑了桩前土体的抗力。 相似文献
15.
水平荷载作用下现浇X形桩桩周土体响应理论分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现浇X形桩是为了提高单位混凝土承载力性能而开发的一种新型异形横截面桩,但目前针对异形横截面桩在水平荷载作用下桩周土体力学性状的理论研究相对较少。基于保角变换的方法将X形桩孔映射到单位圆上,采用平面弹性力学的复变函数方法得到X形桩在水平荷载作用下桩周土体应力场与位移场分布的平面应变解。续而,基于文克尔地基模型,把桩周土离散为一系列独立的弹簧模型,弹簧的刚度系数采用平面应变解,然后根据欧拉-伯努利梁的挠曲线微分方程推导得到现浇X形桩在水平荷载作用下桩身的变形和内力的计算方法。通过建立的平面应变解计算普通圆形截面桩,并且与Baguelin推导的圆形截面桩在水平荷载作用下平面应变解进行对比分析,验证所建立理论方法的准确性和可靠性。最后,针对一算例进行分析,并与数值模型计算结果进行对比验证。研究结果表明,该理论方法能够较好地模拟水平荷载作用下现浇X形桩桩周土体的力学工作性状,尤其是小荷载作用条件下。 相似文献
16.
目前,对于预应力影响下抗滑桩外荷载的变化情况尚不明确,为进一步探讨该问题,以山西离柳焦煤新民二矿南山滑坡治理工程为研究对象,对抗滑桩桩背土压力及预应力锚索锚固力进行了长期的现场实测,重点分析了土压力的分布规律、变化情况以及锚索预应力的损失情况,在此基础上分析了预应力对滑面以上桩背土压力的影响效应。结果表明,预应力施加阶段对滑面以上桩背土压力的影响主要与初始预应力大小以及锚索抗滑桩结构形式有关;滑坡推力作用阶段对土压力的影响主要表现为对滑坡推力分布形式的影响,在预应力锚索长期作用下,滑坡推力分布趋于更加均匀。 相似文献
17.
轴向荷载对斜桩水平承载特性影响试验及理论研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斜群桩受水平荷载作用时,群桩中的基桩受到径向荷载、轴向荷载和弯矩的共同作用。为研究轴向荷载对斜桩水平承载特性的影响,完成了3根单桩以及1组1×2斜桩的大尺寸模型试验。试验结果表明：轴向拉力作用会降低斜桩的水平刚度和极限承载力;而轴向压力作用则会使其水平刚度和极限承载力提高。基于桩侧浅层土体楔形破坏假定,推导了考虑轴向荷载影响的斜桩水平极限土抗力计算公式,提出了桩侧土抗力的p-y曲线方法,并通过模型试验及现场试验验证其合理性。 相似文献
18.
饱和土中管桩的水平动阻抗研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了考察桩、土主要参数对饱和土中管桩水平振动的影响,将土体分为桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土两部分,利用多孔介质理论的饱和土控制方程建立了饱和土-管桩的耦合振动模型。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土边界条件的情况下,运用势函数解耦的方法对桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土的水平振动进行了求解。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土对管桩作用的情况下对饱和土中管桩的水平振动进行了求解,得到了管桩桩顶的水平动力阻抗,并分析了主要桩、土参数对管桩水平动力阻抗的影响。研究表明：管桩内外半径、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比、泊松比之比对管桩水平动力阻抗的影响较大,低频时液-固耦合系数比对管桩水平动力阻抗有一定的影响,而阻尼比之比对管桩水平动力阻抗阻尼因子有一定的影响。 相似文献
19.
现浇薄壁管桩（Cast-in-place Concrete Thin-wall Pipe Pile, 简称PCC桩）作为一种新型桩基础,已在很多地基处理工程中得到应用,但有关其水平承载性的研究还很少。通过现场试验,对水平荷载下PCC桩的水平承载性、泥面处桩荷载-位移关系、桩周土压力变化以及桩侧地基水平抗力系数的比例系数m与位移关系等特性进行初步分析,同时对单向多循环加载和慢速维持荷载两种加载方式对桩受力特性的影响进行比较。试验表明,PCC桩有较好的水平承载性,在水平荷载下,PCC桩的受力主要集中在桩的上部;与慢速维持荷载法相比,单向多循环法对桩的水平承载性以及桩土作用的非线性影响较大。 相似文献
20.
针对纵截面异形桩（扩底桩和楔形桩）、等混凝土用量常规等直径桩的水平向承载特性进行对比模型试验研究,测得不同水平荷载等级下扩底桩和楔形桩的内力、变形、极限承载力和桩侧土压力分布等变化规律特性;初步探讨3种桩型的水平极限承载特性和桩侧土压力分布规律。考虑纵向截面异形效应,基于水平土抗力与水平位移（p-y）曲线法建立纵截面异形桩水平向承载特性理论计算方法,进一步分析弯矩分布规律,并开展影响因素分析。研究结果表明,在当前试验条件下,等混凝土用量楔形桩的水平向承载力比等直径桩的高,砂性土和黏性土中楔形桩水平向极限承载力约分别为等直径桩的1.25倍和1.33倍。相关研究成果可为今后类似土层下水平受荷纵截面异形桩的设计与计算提供参考依据。 相似文献