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1.
华夏植物群及其与全球同期植物群的比较 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
文中研究的焦点是华夏植物群及其与全球同期植物群的比较 ,并论证了石炭纪和二叠纪的古植物地理再造。在石炭纪和二叠纪 ,华夏植物区和欧美植物区皆位于具热带气候的赤道区 ,在类似的气候条件下 ,这两个地区的一些植物具有形态上的相似性。此外 ,华夏植物群含有一些与欧美植物群共有的分子 ;因此 ,这两个植物群的关系比较密切。尽管华夏植物群具有相当数量的分子是与欧美植物群所共有的 ,但是在大羽羊齿类植物中 ,在种级上两者并没有相同的成分。华夏植物群是以热带雨林气候为特征。在二叠纪 ,华夏区的气候比欧美区的气候更为湿润。华夏植物群的分子不同于安加拉植物群的分子 ;此外 ,安加拉植物群代表了温带气候条件。在石炭纪和二叠纪 ,冈瓦纳植物群分布在南半球高纬度地区 ,不同于分布于北半球低纬度的华夏植物群的组成分子 ;因此 ,这两个植物群没有必然联系。在石炭纪和二叠纪 ,在北半球华夏植物群与欧美植物群的一些植物在形态上的相似性以及在南半球 (西藏、沙特阿拉伯、土耳其、新几内亚和伊拉克 )一些华夏型分子的分布可以是起因于类似的气候条件、大陆位置、板块运动、洋流作用、古地理环境等因素的影响。华夏植物群与其同期植物群的差异反映了植物群成分、古气候、古地理位置和陆地生态系在时? 相似文献
2.
全球石炭纪-二叠纪植物群的演化和分布特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在全球范围内，石炭纪和二叠纪植物群可以划分为五个植物群，即早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔Ａ期）的全球性拟鳞木植物群（Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓｆｌｏｒａ）和晚石炭世（纳缪尔Ｂ—Ｃ期、威斯发期和斯蒂芬期）至二叠纪的华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群。早石炭世拟鳞木植物群广泛分布于世界许多地区，具有全球一致性，以Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｓｕｂ ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｓｉｇｉｌａｒｉａ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍｉｔｅｓ，Ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈｏｄｅｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈａ ｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ，Ａｄｉａｎｔｉｔｅｓ，Ｔｒｉｐｈｙｌｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ等为特征。拟鳞木植物群逐渐从泥盆纪植物群分离出来，繁盛于早石炭世早期，绝灭于早石炭世末期。在早石炭世和晚石炭世的转换期，全球性气候变化和构造运动导致早石炭世拟鳞木植物群典型分子的绝灭和晚石炭世植物群先驱分子的出现。因此，华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群衍生于早石炭世全球一致性拟鳞木植物群，但它们各自发展在不同的环境中。 相似文献
3.
The peltasperm foliage Autunia naumannii (Gutbier) Kerp and possible peltasperm fructifications are for the first time described from the uppermost Taiyuan Formation of earliest Permian age near Wuda, Inner Mongolia. This is the oldest record of this group on the North China Block (Sino‐Korean Platform), indicating an early migration into this area. Data of other occurrences in China demonstrate independent radiations of the group in Cathaysia. All known records indicate that peltasperms probably originated in the tropical extrabasinal areas of Euramerica, and subsequently migrated within the tropical belt and experienced independent regional radiations in Europe, the southwestern United States and on the North China Block. The present discovery of Autunia naumannii (Gutbier) Kerp in China adds a common floral component between the Euramerican and Cathaysian floras, providing more evidence indicating mutual migration of floral elements between Cathaysia and Euramerica. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Improved regional and interregional stratigraphic correlations of Pennsylvanian strata permit comparisons of vegetational changes in Euramerican coal swamps. The coal-swamp vegetation is known directly from in situ coal-ball peat deposits from more than 65 coals in the United States and Europe. Interpretations of coal-swamp floras on the basis of coal-ball peat studies are extended to broader regional and stratigraphic patterns by use of coal palynology. Objectives of the quantitative analyses of the vegetation in relation to coal are to determine the botanical constituents at the peat stage and their environmental implications for plant growth and peat accumulation. Morphological and paleoecological analyses provide a basis for deducing freshwater regimes of coal swamps.Changes in composition of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation are quire similar from one paralic coal region to another and show synchrony that is attributable to climate. Paleobotany and paleogeography of the Euramerican province indicate a moist tropical paleoclimate. Rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration were the variable climatic controls in the distribution of coal-swamp vegetation, peat accumulation and coal resources. In relative terms of climatic wetness the Pennsylvanian Period is divisible into five intervals, which include two relatively drier intervals that developed during the Lower-Middle and Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian transitions. The climate during Early Pennsylvanian time was moderately wet and the median in moisture availability. Early Middle Pennsylvanian was drier, probably seasonally dry-wet; late Middle Pennsylvanian was the wettest in the Midcontinent; early Late Pennsylvanian was the driest; and late Late Pennsylvanian was probably the wettest in the Dunkard Basin. The five climatic intervals represent a general means of dividing coal resources within each region into groups with similar botanical constituents and environments of peat accumulation. Regional differences in basinal geology and climate were significant variables, but the synchronous control of paleoclimate was of primary importance. 相似文献
5.
中国早石炭世小孢子和微古植物地理区 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
中国早石炭世地层发育,沉积类型多样,动植物化石众多,研究程度较高。通过讨论中国早石炭世孢子演化事件,微古植物地理分区,沉积环境和古气候,进而探讨了中国早石炭世微古植物群与西欧、北美、前苏联和冈瓦纳大陆微古植物群之间的关系及中国早石炭世古地理位置。 相似文献
6.
系统总结了我国西北甘肃地区晚二叠世华夏和安加拉混生植物群的研究现状和研究进展,讨论了华夏和安加拉混生植物群的形成机制。早二叠世,塔里木板块和华北板块向西北运移,与此同时,哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块向东南漂移。中二叠世,华夏古陆沿天山、阴山和大兴安岭一线与西伯利亚古陆碰撞导致古海洋闭合和山脉隆升,板块的碰撞为华夏植物群和安加拉植物群两者之间提供了"混生"的条件。来自这两个植物群的少数混生分子出现在本区的中二叠世晚期。晚二叠世,由于塔里木板块和华北板块与哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞与联合,从而使华夏古陆和安加拉古陆对接,形成了华夏和安加拉混生植物群。华夏和安加拉混生植物群的分布模式可以归于陆地生态系统的板块运动、气候分异、环境变化、植物迁移和植物自身演化的结果。 相似文献
7.
通过对内蒙古赤峰市广兴源乡于家北沟组模式剖面植物化石和安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,结合动物化石的分析,确认于家北沟组地质时代为中二叠世。于家北沟组植物化石以Gigantonoclea hallei Asama、Fascipteris sinensis Stockm. et Math.、Pecopteris taiyuanensis Halle、Pterophyllum daihoense Kaw.等众多华夏植物群典型分子为特征,属于典型的华夏植物群。目前,在中二叠世植物群中,从未发现有华夏和安加拉两大植物群的混生现象,这一事实进一步表明,中二叠世横亘于华北板块和佳蒙地块之间的古亚洲洋尚未闭合,在植物地理分布上起着重要的阻隔作用。 相似文献
8.
Roof shale floras help understand the transition of vegetational landscapes from a peat–forming environment to a clastic one, but are seldom investigated in the Cathaysian province(typical present day China and East Asia). Here the roof shale flora of Coal Seam 6 from the lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, is systematically described and its ecostratigraphic and phytogeographic implications are discussed. The flora is composed of seven plant groups, including Lepidodendrales, Medullosales, Gigantopteridales, Peltaspermales, Noeggerathiales, Cordaitales and Cycadales. Many of these taxa are also documented in Euramerica, and the floral composition indicates a more intimate relationship between Cathaysia and Euramerica during the Cisuralian than previously thought. However, there are few genera and species in common with those of the underlying peat–forming flora. Moreover, the flora is hardly comparable with the commonly known flora of the Taiyuan Formation. Such assemblage differences are very likely due to changes of taphonomic and environmental phases, rather than evolutionary floral succession. For a full and more precise understanding of the floral composition, succession and the floristic discrepancy in different depositional environments, an ecostratigraphic investigation on the Late Palaeozoic of Cathaysia is advocated. 相似文献
9.
贺兰山北段晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群古生态研究 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
对贺兰山北段呼鲁斯太和沙巴台地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物化石进行了研究，共鉴定植物化石２０属４０种，讨论了植物群的性质和时代。在研究植物群特征基础上，分析了植物化石埋藏类型，论证了植物群的古生态特征，划分了５个植物群落：（１）Ｂｏｔｈｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｅ群落；（２）Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｕｂｒｈｏｍｂｉｃｕｍ群落；（３）Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｚｅｉａｎｕｍ群落；（４）Ｔａｅ－ｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｍｕｃｒｏｎａｔａ群落；（５）Ｐｅｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ群落。这５个植物群落的时代分别相当于晚石炭世早期、晚石炭世中期、晚石炭世晚期、早二叠世早期和早二叠世晚期。石松类植物在晚石炭世沼泽环境最为丰富，以华夏植物区大量的特有种为特征。而蕨类植物和种子蕨类植物在早二叠世的泥炭沼泽和泛滥平原环境占优势。这些植物群落在晚石炭世和早二叠世广泛分布在不同演化阶段的泥炭沼泽和碎屑低地环境，指示温暖潮湿的气候条件。 相似文献
10.
贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物群 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物化石经鉴定,计有39属104种。讨论了植物群的性质,划分了5个组合,即(1)晚石炭世早期Bothrodendroncirculare—Mesocalamitescistiformis组合;(2)晚石炭世中期Lepidodendronsubrhombicum—Conchophyllumrichthofenii组合;(3)晚石炭世晚期Lepidodendronszeianum—Neuropterisovata组合;(4)早二叠世早期Lepido dendronposthumii—Callipteridiumkoraiense组合和(5)早二叠世晚期Caulopteriswudaensis—Paratingiadatongensis组合。这5个组合的代表岩组分别为红土洼组、羊虎沟组、太原组下部、太原组中上部和山西组。其地质时代大致相当于纳缪尔B—C期、维斯发期、斯蒂芬期、阿赛尔期、萨克马尔期和阿丁斯克期。植物群含有大量的华夏型分子,为典型的华夏植物群。此外还讨论了植物群的演化。 相似文献
11.
中国南方二叠纪海平面变化及升降事件 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
在对中国南方二叠纪层序地层、充填特征及沉积演化认识基础上,通过研究海平面升降变化及事件后认为:华南二叠纪相对海平面升降旋回与其层序数量一致,升降型式可有两种且互成影像;二级海平面升降包括“二分式”和“单分式”,前者以扬子区为代表,后者典型见于华夏区;海平面升降事件发生在栖霞早期、茅口早期、茅口末期、吴家坪早期及长兴中后期;二级、三级海平面变化在升降样式、数量、相位上与欧美各地有所不同,其成因与所处构造域有关。 相似文献
12.
为了探讨中国西南地区二叠系乐平统(上二叠统)龙潭组中下部煤系不同煤组分中砷、硒的含量和演化及古环境意义,对近10年来采集于中国西南扬子地台的二叠系乐平统龙潭组主采煤层的原煤、亮煤、煤矸石、黄铁矿结核等样品中砷、硒元素含量进行了测定和分析,并与中国华北地台一些煤矿的上石炭统-下二叠统太原组、山西组的原煤、镜煤、亮煤、煤矸石、黄铁矿结核等样品中砷、硒含量进行对比分析。结果表明：西南地区乐平统龙潭组煤的砷、硒含量变化较大,但总体高于华北晚石炭世和早二叠世煤的砷、硒含量;西南二叠系乐平统龙潭组大多数的亮煤中砷、硒含量高于原煤全煤样(刻槽样)中的砷、硒含量,也远远高于同煤层煤矸石的含量,龙潭组部分亮煤的砷含量尤其高,为55～338 mg/kg,还发现砷含量为89 mg/kg的亮煤。但华北上石炭统-下二叠统的镜煤中的砷、硒含量与之相反,低于原煤全煤样的砷、硒含量,其中砷含量非常低,为063～129 mg/kg。说明西南地区上二叠统煤中的砷和硒与煤的有机质密切相关,可能主要来源于成煤古植物。在西南乐平世早、中期第Ⅰ幕陆生生物集群灭绝事件期间,陆生动物的食物--植物中有毒有害元素砷、硒含量明显增加,陆生环境或泥炭沼泽中可溶性砷、硒含量增加。 相似文献
13.
塔里木板块二叠纪的构造演化导致板块古地理位置、古地貌和古环境的演变(包括气候条件的改变)，相应地塔里木板块的植物群在区系性质方面发生了重要变更。该板块二叠纪植物群演替历史分为3个演化阶段：①欧美植物群阶段(阿赛尔期-罗德期)；②欧美-安加拉混生植物群阶段(沃德期-吴家坪期)早期；③安加拉植物群阶段(吴家坪期中晚期-长兴期)。 相似文献
14.
Fossil plant compressions and impressions are abundantly associated with coals of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age in the central Appalachians, Illinois Basin, and elsewhere in the United States. Remains of the aerial plant parts occur most commonly in shale directly overlying coal, especially in the vicinity of contemporaneous paleochannels. Most roots and a few stumps are found preserved in situ; however, most aerial plant fossils were transported prior to burial. There is good evidence that fossil plants preserved in roof shales are mostly the same types of plants from which the coal formed. Mississippian coal floras are lower in diversity than later ones. Quantitatively important plants include only 2 lycopod genera, 1 arthrophyte genus, 1 fern genus, and 5 seed fern genera. Pennsylvanian floras, on the other hand, include abundant representatives of 5 lycopod genera, 2 arthrophyte genera, 4 fern genera, 5 seed fern genera, and 1 coniferophytic genus. The swamp floras were never in equilibrium, though change appears to have been particulary rapid near the boundary between the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian. 相似文献
15.
ZHONG Rong Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Beijing FU Zeming China University of Geosciences Beijing Zhou Jian Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(1):114-120
Four great second-order transgressions occurred during the Late Carboniferous to early Early Permian and they came from both the eastern and western sea areas in the North China Platform. As time went on, depocentres, depositional extent, transgression directions, coastline position and distribution of minable coal seams were changing continuously. The third great second-order transgression occurring at the beginning of the early Early Permian marks the maximum transgression period and before its arrival, i.e. at the close of the late Late Carboniferous, there was the super-regional coal-forming environment. During the second, third and fourth transgressions, the northern North China Platform was all along situated on the transgressive margin of the epicontinental sea and became the major distribution area of thick coal belts because it maintained a coal-forming environment for a long period of time from the close of the late Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. 相似文献
16.
Sites yielding Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous) coal floras are well known across Europe and North America, but they usually only yield drifted remains of the plants. To understand the ecology of these ancient tropical wetlands properly it is essential that we study in situ remains of the plants. During recent re‐development work of a disused steelworks in the Denbigh Coalfield (north Wales) the remains of a stand of mainly arborescent club mosses and horsetails have been discovered, which is providing new insights into how these unusual plants grew. 相似文献
17.
在研究全球不同地区二叠纪沉积、层序及生物资料基础上,通过全球诸大陆典型剖面层序划分和对比表明,二叠纪至少有６次海平面升降事件具全球对比意义。二叠纪全球海平面旋回曲线,在不同板块不同成因盆地,其形态及结构不同,但总体可分为两种类型或分支：一是以海相→陆相沉积序列为主的反映主体海平面下降的经典型或欧美型;二是以海相碳酸盐岩→碳酸盐－硅质岩沉积序列为特征的揭示主体海平面上升的特拉斯型或华南型。这与二叠纪特定的全球构造－古地理密切相关。 相似文献
18.
豫西荥巩——新密煤田太原组、山西组的沉积环境和聚煤规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
荥巩和新密煤田是豫西北部的两个相邻煤田。主要含煤地层为晚古生代晚石炭世太原组和早二叠世山西组,总厚100—150m;下石盒子组及晚二叠世的上石盒子组在本区仅偶含薄煤层。太原组位于含煤岩系最底部,为碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩交替沉积,灰岩形成于清澈、温暖、浅水的陆表海潮下环境,碎屑岩则为潮道和潮间带为主的潮道、潮坪沉积。太原组含有6—7层薄煤层,形成于咸水或半咸水的泥炭沼泽中。山西组几乎全由碎屑岩组成,下部发育本区的主要可采煤层二1煤。二1煤以下层位为潮坪和横向与之共生的潮道、潮沟及河口潮汐砂脊沉积,二1煤以上为河流作用为主的三角洲沉积,三角洲由北向南进积到半咸水的海湾中。二1煤形成于海退时期,它们堆积在滨海平原的淡水泥炭沼泽中,其厚度变化及发育程度主要受成煤前沉积环境控制,但在本区西部构造较复杂处,煤层厚度受后期构造影响较大。沉积环境对煤层原生厚度的影响主要表现在潮坪和废弃的潮道、潮沟、河口潮汐砂背沉积物之上,煤层发育好,而在二1煤之下有活动的潮道及河口潮汐砂脊发育时,煤层较薄或不发育。 相似文献
19.
Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains. 相似文献
20.
《《地质学报》英文版》2015,(4)
Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains. 相似文献