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1.
We discuss the nature of the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid in the Noya gold-bearing calcite-quartz-adularia veins of central Kyushu, Japan on the basis of oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotope ratios, and aqueous speciation calculations for the present-day geothermal fluid. The isotopic values of the Noya ore-forming fluid were estimated to be −6.5‰ for δ13C and −7.5‰ for δ18O. The oxygen isotopic equilibrium temperatures for vein calcite are more than 180°C at the bottom of the Noya mineralization zone, and decrease with increasing elevation. As the temperature decreased, the dominant carbon species in the fluid changed from H2CO3 to HCO3- at about 120°C. The equilibrium temperatures for vein quartz are consistent with the calcite calculations. The carbon and oxygen isotope trends of the Noya vein calcite and the isotope ratios of strontium suggest that the fluids that precipitated the Noya veins were controlled by an andesite-dominated geology. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the white-colored veins from wells 51-WT-1 and 51-WT-2 displayed a light REE-rich pattern with positive Eu anomalies, suggesting the existence of a reducing environment for the fluid. The pyrite-rich gray-colored veins and a silicified rock from well 51-WT-2 showed higher REE concentrations than did the white veins. Altered host andesitic rocks have similar REE patterns to that of the silicified rock, and have higher REE contents than the others in the drill cores. Aqueous speciation calculations showed that the fluid in the hydrothermal reservoir is currently in muscovite stability. The fluid at the ore-mineralization stage may have contained more potassium or have had a higher pH, so that adularia precipitated with calcite and quartz, as well as gold. Fluid boiling at depth in the system produced the gold-bearing calcite-quartz-adularia veins.  相似文献   

2.
The Maoniuping REE deposit, located about 22 km to the southwest of Mianning, Sichuan Province, is the second largest light REE deposit in China, subsequent to the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Tectonically, it is located in the transitional zone between the Panxi rift and the Longmenshan-Jinpingshan orogenic zone. It is a carbonatite vein-type deposit hosted in alkaline complex rocks. The bastnaesite-barite, bastnaesite-calcite, and bastnaesite-microcline lodes are the main three types of REE ore lodes. Among these, the first lode is distributed most extensively and its REE mineralization is the strongest. Theδ34Sv-CDT values of the barites in the ore of the deposit vary in a narrow range of +5.0 to +5.1‰in the bastnaesite-calcite lode and +3.3 to +5.9‰in the bastnaesite-barite lode, showing the isotopic characteristics of magma-derived sulfur. Theδ13Cv-PDB values and theδ518OV-SMOW values in the bastnaesite-calcite lode range from -3.9 to -6.9‰and from +7.3 to +9.7‰, respectively, which fall into the range of "primary carbonatites", showing that carbon and oxygen in the ores of the Maoniuping deposit were derived mainly from a deep source. Theδ13Cv-PDB values of fluid inclusions vary from -3.0 to -5.6‰, with -3.0 to -4.0‰in the bastnaesite-calcite lode and -3.0 to -5.6‰in the bastnaesite-barite lode, which show characteristics of mantle-derived carbon. TheδDv-SMOW values of fluid inclusions range from -57 to -88‰, with -63 to -86‰in the bastnaesite-calcite lode and -57 to -88‰in the bastnaesite-barite lode, which show characteristics of mantle-derived hydrogen. Theδ18OH2OV-SMOW values vary from +7.4 to +8.6‰in the bastnaesite calcite lode, and +6.7 to +7.8‰in the bastnaesite-barite lode, almost overlapping the range of +5.5 to +9.5‰for magmatic water. The 4He content, R/Ra ratios are (13.95 to 119.58×10-6 (cm3/g)STP and 0.02 to 0.11, respectively, and 40Ar/36Ar is 313±1 to 437±2. Considering the 4He increase caused by high contents of radioactive elements, a mantle-derived fluid probably exists in the inclusions in the fluorite, calcite and bastnaesite samples. The Maoniuping deposit and its associated carbonatite-alkaline complex were formed in 40.3 to 12.2 Ma according to K-Ar and U-Pb data. All these data suggest that large quantities of mantle fluids were involved in the metallogenic process of the Maoniuping REE deposit through a fault system.  相似文献   

3.
太平洞-紫木凼金矿是黔西南地区灰家堡金矿田上的重要金矿床,位于灰家堡背斜的西段。雄黄、方解石分别作为金矿中重要的矿石矿物和脉石矿物,与金矿关系极为密切。通过对雄黄、方解石稳定同位素和方解石稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨金矿成矿物质来源问题。分析结果显示,雄黄δ34S值变化为＋0.81‰～＋3.03‰,极差为2.22‰,均值为1.6‰,数据变化较窄,均一化程度较高,具有接近幔源硫同位素特征,指示成矿物质可能主要来源于深部。方解石δ13CV-PDB为-8.473‰～0.866‰,主要集中在2个小的范围内,一是δ13CV-PDB在-4‰～-9‰之间,二是δ13CV-PDB在0‰附近,认为金矿床中碳可能为深部幔源碳和地层碳的混合,而氧主要来自地层。同时,方解石具有MREE富集及Eu正异常的特征,暗示成矿流体可能主要来源于深部且经历过还原的环境,形成富Eu2＋的含矿热液,在运移过程中,由于温度、氧化还原条件等的改变,形成成矿晚期阶段特征的方解石脉。  相似文献   

4.
书楼丘铀矿床作为长江铀矿田重要的组成部分之一,其成矿流体特征、来源及成矿环境研究相对较少.依据黄铁矿晶型特征及其与其他矿物共生组合特征,将书楼丘铀矿床中脉石矿物黄铁矿的形成划分为成矿前期(Py I)、成矿期(PyⅡ)及成矿晚期(PyⅢ)三个时期,成矿期又被划分为成矿早阶段(PyⅡa)和主成矿阶段(PyⅡb).采用激光剥...  相似文献   

5.
茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西南缘,是滇东北矿集区内的一个大型矿床,矿体主要呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组白云岩中;矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,次为方铅矿;脉石矿物主要为白云石、方解石和萤石。本文对该矿床中与铅锌矿密切共生的团块状白云石、方解石和萤石以及围岩灯影组白云岩的REE地球化学特征和C、O、Sr同位素进行了对比研究。结果表明:团块状白云石和方解石的稀土配分模式、C同位素和Sr同位素比值与围岩灯影组白云岩比较接近,表明形成团块状白云石和方解石的成矿流体主要来源于围岩灯影组白云岩的溶解;但这两种矿物的稀土总量ΣREE高于灯影组白云岩,说明成矿流体除了主要由围岩提供REE外,还有部分其他富含REE流体的加入。萤石则具有LREE亏损和分配曲线相对平缓的稀土配分模式特征,表明萤石形成于成矿的晚阶段,有更多的外部流体的加入。团块状白云石、方解石和萤石表现出明显的Eu正异常,且团块状白云石和方解石的O同位素低于灯影组白云岩,反映了存在较高温度的流体活动,这3种脉石矿物是由高温热液流体形成的。灯影组白云岩和3种脉石矿物都具有明显的Ce负异常,说明成矿流体可能主要来源于地层循环水,继承了围岩的Ce负异常特征。方解石和萤石的Sr同位素比值高于围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩,但小于基底岩石昆阳群和会理群,说明成矿流体主要由赋矿围岩等沉积地层中的循环流体与流经了基底岩石的深部流体混合形成。  相似文献   

6.
白秧坪多金属矿床位于滇西兰坪中—新生代沉积盆地中北部,是在著名的三江成矿带内新近发现的重要矿床之一。为确定该矿床成矿流体特征和成矿金属元素来源,对白秧坪多金属矿床开展了系统的C、H、O、S和Pb同位素地球化学研究。白秧坪多金属矿石硫化物δ34S为-5.6‰～11.2‰,具有兰坪盆地中—新生界蒸发岩硫酸盐的热化学还原性质;矿石与盆地中—新生界沉积岩铅同位素组成相似,成矿金属源于盆地沉积地层。成矿流体中水的δDV-SMOW=-122‰～-86‰,δ18OV-SMOW=-4.52‰～-15.34‰,为大气降水补给的盆地热卤水。研究区热液成矿早阶段白云石δ13CV-PDB=-3.4‰～0.5‰,δ18OV-SMOW=4.8‰～20.3‰,晚阶段方解石δ13CV-PDB=-3.1‰～0.5‰,δ18OV-SMOW=4.1‰～18.6‰,说明成矿流体中CO2来自盆地地层中灰岩的溶解。  相似文献   

7.
The Pb-Zn metallogenic district in NW Guizhou Province is an important part of the Yun-nan-Sichuan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province, and also is one of the most important Pb-Zn producers in China. The hosting rocks of the Pb-Zn deposits are Devonian to Permian carbonate rocks, and the basement rocks are meta-sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Proterozoic Kunyang and Huili groups. The ore minerals are composed of sphalerite, galena and pyrite, and the gangue minerals are include calcite and dolomite. Geology and C-O isotope of these deposits were studied in this paper. The results show that δ13C and δ18O values of hydrothermal calcite, altered wall rocks-dolostone, sedimentary calcite and hosting carbonate rocks range from -5.3‰ to -0.6 ‰ (mean -3.4‰) and +11.3‰ to +20.9 ‰ (mean +17.2‰), -3.0‰ to +0.9 ‰ (mean -1.3‰) and +17.0‰ to +20.8‰ (mean +19.7‰), +0.6‰ to +2.5 ‰ (mean +1.4‰) and +23.4‰ to +26.5 ‰ (mean +24.6‰), and -1.8‰ to +3.9‰ (mean +0.7‰) and +21.0‰ to +26.8‰ (mean +22.9‰), respectively, implying that CO2 in the ore-forming fluids was mainly a result of dissolution of Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate rocks. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contribution of sediment de-hydroxylation. Based on the integrated analysis of geology, C and O isotopes, it is believed that the ore-forming fluids of these carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in this area were derived from multiple sources, including hosting carbonate rocks, Devonian to Permian sedimentary rocks and basement rocks (the Kun-yang and Huili groups). Therefore, the fluids mixing is the main precipitation mechanism of the Pb-Zn deposit in this province.  相似文献   

8.
The Qianfanling Mo deposit, located in Songxian County, western Henan province, China, is one of the newly discovered quartz-vein type Mo deposits in the East Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt. The deposit consists of molybdenite in quartz veins and disseminated molybdenite in the wall rocks. The alteration types of the wall rocks include silicification, K-feldspar alteration, pyritization, carbonatization, sericitization, epidotization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, three stages of hydrothermal mineralization could be distinguished: (1) pyrite–barite–quartz stage; (2) molybdenite–quartz stage; (3) quartz–calcite stage.Two types of fluid inclusions, including CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and water-rich fluid inclusions, have been recognized in quartz. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions vary from 133 °C to 397 °C. Salinity ranges from 1.57 to 31.61 wt.% NaCl eq. There are a large number of daughter mineral-CO2-bearing inclusions, which is the result of fluid immiscibility. The ore-forming fluids are medium–high temperature, low to moderate salinity H2O–NaCl–CO2 system. The δ34S values of pyrite, molybdenite, and barite range from − 9.3‰ to − 7.3‰, − 9.7‰ to − 7.3‰ and 5.9‰ to 6.8‰, respectively. The δ18O values of quartz range from 9.8‰ to 11.1‰, with corresponding δ18Ofluid values of 1.3‰ to 4.3‰, and δ18D values of fluid inclusions of between − 81‰ and − 64‰. The δ13CV-PDB values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite have ranges of − 6.7‰ to − 2.9‰ and − 5.7‰ to − 1.8‰, respectively. Sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope compositions show that the sulfur and ore-forming fluids derived from a deep-seated igneous source. During the peak collisional period between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton, the ore-forming fluids that derived from a deep igneous source extracted base and precious metals and flowed upwards through the channels that formed during tectonism. Fluid immiscibility and volatile exsolution led to the crystallization of molybdenite and other minerals, and the formation of economic orebodies in the Qianfanling Mo deposit.  相似文献   

9.
The Hoshbulak Zn–Pb deposit is located in South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China. The Zn–Pb orebody is tabular and stratoid in form and it is hosted in calcareous rocks of the Upper Devonian Tan'gaitaer Formation which were thrust over the Carboniferous system. The ores are mineralogically simple and composed mainly of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, calcite, dolomite and exhibit massive, banded, veinlets, colloidal, metasomatic, eutectic, concentric ring and microbial-like fabrics. The Co/Ni ratios of pyrite in the ores range from 0.46 to 0.90 by electron microprobe, which suggested that the Hoshbulak Zn–Pb mineralization was formed in a sedimentary environment. The REE patterns of the hydrothermal calcite coincide well with those of recrystallized micritic limestones, suggesting that the Hoshbulak Pb–Zn mineralization was closely genetically related to limestones of the Tan'gaitaer Formation. The C-, H- and O-isotopic compositions of hydrothermal calcite and dolomite in the ores yield δ13C(VPDB) values ranging from − 1.9‰ to + 2.6‰ (mean 0.79‰), δ18O(VSMOW) values from 22.41‰ to 24.67‰ (mean 23.04‰) and δD values from − 77‰ to − 102‰ for fluid inclusions. It is suggested that the ore-forming fluids, including CO2, were derived from the calcareous strata of the Tan'gaitaer Formation in association with hydrocarbon brines. The δ34S(VCDT) ranges from − 22.3‰ to − 8.5‰ for early ore-stage sulfides and from 5.9‰ to 24.2‰ with a cluster between 14.4‰ and 24.2‰ for the sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite, galena) in the main ore-stage. The ore sulfur may have been derived from evaporite rocks by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) as the predominant mechanism for H2S generation. The Pb-isotopic compositions of the sulfide minerals from the Hoshbulak ores yield 206Pb/204Pb ratios from 17.847 to 18.173, 207Pb/204Pb ratios from 15.586 to 15.873 and 208Pb/204Pb ratios from 37.997 to 38.905, which indicate that the metals were sourced mainly from the Tan'gaitaer Formation. We conclude that the genesis of the Hoshbulak Mississippi Valley-type deposit was closely related to thrust faulting in the South Tianshan orogen of China.  相似文献   

10.
文章系统研究了老厂矿床的碳酸盐围岩和成矿方解石的碳、氧同位素组成.研究表明,相对于区域地层,矿区碳酸盐岩围岩普遍亏损18O;成矿方解石的碳氧同位素总体上具有明显的正相关性,这些特征表明成矿流体与围岩发生了大规模的水岩反应.文章初步建立了水岩反应的理想模式,根据该模式进一步将成矿方解石划分为矿体中心相和边缘相2组.水岩反应理论模拟表明:总体上成矿流体中的可溶性碳以H2CO3为主,中心相成矿流体的δ13C、δ18O值分别为-5.5‰和+4‰,具有典型深部岩浆流体的特征;边缘相成矿流体的δ13C、δ18O值分别为-1.5‰和+4‰,代表了深部岩浆流体与下渗天水共同交代碳酸盐岩围岩后的碳、氧同位素特征.  相似文献   

11.
The Baiyangping Cu–Ag polymetallic ore district is located in the northern part of the Lanping–Simao foreland fold belt, which lies between the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan and Lancangjiang faults in western Yunnan Province, China. The source of ore-forming fluids and materials within the eastern ore zone were investigated using fluid inclusion, rare earth element (REE), and isotopic (C, O, and S) analyses undertaken on sulfides, gangue minerals, wall rocks, and ores formed during the hydrothermal stage of mineralization. These analyses indicate: (1) The presence of five types of fluid inclusion, which contain various combinations of liquid (l) and vapor (v) phases at room temperature: (a) H2O (l), (b) H2O (l) + H2O (v), (c) H2O (v), (d) CmHn (v), and (e) H2O (l) + CO2 (l), sometimes with CO2 (v). These inclusions have salinities of 1.4–19.9 wt.% NaCl equivalents, with two modes at approximately 5–10 and 16–21 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and homogenization temperatures between 101 °C and 295 °C. Five components were identified in fluid inclusions using Raman microspectrometry: H2O, dolomite, calcite, CH4, and N2. (2) Calcite, dolomitized limestone, and dolomite contain total REE concentrations of 3.10–38.93 ppm, whereas wall rocks and ores contain REE concentrations of 1.21–196 ppm. Dolomitized limestone, dolomite, wall rock, and ore samples have similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns, with ores in the Huachangshan, Xiaquwu, and Dongzhiyan ore blocks having large negative δCe and δEu anomalies, which may be indicative of a change in redox conditions during fluid ascent, migration, and/or cooling. (3) δ34S values for sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and tetrahedrite sulfide samples range from −7.3‰ to 2.1‰, a wide range that indicates multiple sulfur sources. The basin contains numerous sources of S, and deriving S from a mixture of these sources could have yielded these near-zero values, either by mixing of S from different sources, or by changes in the geological conditions of seawater sulfate reduction to sulfur. (4) The C–O isotopic analyses yield δ13C values from ca. zero to −10‰, and a wider range of δ18O values from ca. +6 to +24‰, suggestive of mixing between mantle-derived magma and marine carbonate sources during the evolution of ore-forming fluids, although potential contributions from organic carbon and basinal brine sources should also be considered. These data indicate that ore-forming fluids were derived from a mixture of organism, basinal brine, and mantle-derived magma sources, and as such, the eastern ore zone of the Baiyangping polymetallic ore deposit should be classified as a “Lanping-type” ore deposit.  相似文献   

12.
昭通毛坪铅锌矿床是川滇黔铅锌成矿域之滇东北矿集区上又一个具有超大型成矿潜力的矿床,过去其矿床研究程度弱,特别是成因矿物学工作鲜有开展.本文以赋存于猫猫山倒转背斜西翼上泥盆统宰格组上段(D3zg3)中晶白云岩中层间断裂带内的Ⅰ号矿体(群)为对象,开展了系统的立体蚀变-岩相填图研究,建立了蚀变-矿化分带模式.结果表明:从矿体中心向外,自下而上,蚀变呈现硅化→泥化→碳酸盐化的显著分带现象,矿化具有致密块状高品位Pb-Zn矿石→致密块状Py壳→浸染状、脉状、斑块状低品位Pb-Zn矿石→星点状Py壳的分带特点,相应的矿物组合依次为Sp+ Gn(+ Cpy)+ Py+ Mrc+ Apy+ Q+ Cal组合、Py+ Gn+ Sp+ Dol+ Fe-Dol+ Cal+Q+IU组合、Py+ Dol+Fe-Dol+Cal+Q+Sd组合和Dol+ Cal组合;垂向分带不明显,横向分带显著,矿化分带性与含矿热液的浓度梯度、横向渗透扩散受岩性垂向物性变化影响密切有关;矿化作用可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ等5个阶段,Py外壳是早期流体的产物,条带状矿石是热液叠加作用的产物,且784 m高程处已处在Ⅲ阶段成矿流体叠加的前锋,Ⅱ阶段成矿流体的温度较Ⅲ阶段高.该蚀变-矿化分带模式对川滇黔铅锌成矿域具有普遍的找矿指导价值,也有助于深入理解成矿流体运聚和富集成矿机制.  相似文献   

13.
湘西北花垣矿集区位于扬子地台东南缘,是湘西-鄂西成矿带上最典型的超大型铅锌矿床所在地.通过对花垣矿集区典型铅锌矿床流体包裹体显微测温、成分分析及C、H、O同位素研究,结果表明,该区铅锌矿床闪锌矿与方解石中流体包裹体的均一温度范围集中在120~200℃,盐度范围集中在8%~20% NaCleqv.流体中液相离子成分主要为Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-,气相成分主要为H2O、N2和CO2及少量的CO、CH4和H2.流体的δDSMOW值范围为-60.4‰~-33.0‰,δ18O流体值范围为3.8‰~9.2‰.以上流体包裹体和稳定同位素分析结果表明,花垣矿集区铅锌矿床的成矿流体具有热卤水的性质,主要来源于建造水和大气降水.成矿期方解石的δ13CPDB值范围为-4.89‰~0.57‰,δ18OSMOW值范围为13.37‰~21.73‰,略低于碳酸盐围岩,说明成矿流体中的碳主要来源于碳酸盐围岩的溶解作用.矿石沉淀机制可能为两种流体的混合,即来自深部的富含金属物质的热卤水与富含有机质和硫酸盐的建造水及下渗大气降水的混合导致了铅锌矿石的沉淀.对地质和地球化学资料的综合结果表明,花垣矿集区铅锌矿床属于密西西比河谷型（MVT）铅锌矿床.   相似文献   

14.
The Nanyangtian skarn-type scheelite deposit is an important part of the Laojunshan W–Sn polymetallic metallogenic region in southeastern Yunnan Province, China. The deposit comprises multiple scheelite ore bodies; multilayer skarn-type scheelite ore bodies are dominant, with a small amount of quartz vein-type ore bodies. Skarn minerals include diopside, hedenbergite, grossular, and epidote. Three mineralization stages exist: skarn, quartz–scheelite, and calcite. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals that formed in different paragenetic phases were measured as follows: 221–423 °C (early skarn stage), 177–260 °C (quartz–scheelite stage), and 173–227 °C (late calcite stage). The measured salinity of fluid inclusions ranged from 0.18% to 16.34% NaCleqv (skarn stage), 0.35%–7.17% NaCleqv (quartz–scheelite stage), and 0.35%–2.24% NaCleqv (late calcite vein stage). Laser Raman spectroscopic studies on fluid inclusions in the three stages showed H2O as the main component, with N2 present in minor amounts. Minor amounts of CH4 were found in the quartz–scheelite stage. It was observed that the homogenization temperature gradually reduced from the early to the late mineralization stages; moreover, δ13CPDB values for ore-bearing skarn in the mineralization period ranged from ? 5.7‰ to ? 6.9‰ and the corresponding δ18OSMOW values ranged from 5.8‰ to 9.1‰, implying that the ore-forming fluid was mainly sourced from magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water. Collectively, the evidence indicates that the formation of the Nanyangtian deposit is related to Laojunshan granitic magmatism.  相似文献   

15.
Nine marble horizons from the granulite facies terrane of southern India were examined in detail for stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in calcite and carbon isotopes in graphite. The marbles in Trivandrum Block show coupled lowering of δ13C and δ18O values in calcite and heterogeneous single crystal δ13C values (? 1 to ? 10‰) for graphite indicating varying carbon isotope fractionation between calcite and graphite, despite the granulite facies regional metamorphic conditions. The stable isotope patterns suggest alteration of δ13C and δ18O values in marbles by infiltration of low δ13C–δ18O‐bearing fluids, the extent of alteration being a direct function of the fluid‐rock ratio. The carbon isotope zonation preserved in graphite suggests that the graphite crystals precipitated/recrystallized in the presence of an externally derived CO2‐rich fluid, and that the infiltration had occurred under high temperature and low fO2 conditions during metamorphism. The onset of graphite precipitation resulted in a depletion of the carbon isotope values of the remaining fluid+calcite carbon reservoir, following a Rayleigh‐type distillation process within fluid‐rich pockets/pathways in marbles resulting in the observed zonation. The results suggest that calcite–graphite thermometry cannot be applied in marbles that are affected by external carbonic fluid infiltration. However, marble horizons in the Madurai Block, where the effect of fluid infiltration is not detected, record clear imprints of ultrahigh temperature metamorphism (800–1000 °C), with fractionations reaching <2‰. Zonation studies on graphite show a nominal rimward lowering δ13C on the order of 1 to 2‰. The zonation carries the imprint of fluid deficient/absent UHT metamorphism. Commonly, calculated core temperatures are > 1000 °C and would be consistent with UHT metamorphism.  相似文献   

16.
Located in the western Yangtze Block, the Qingshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn metallogenic province, contains 0.3 million tonnes of 9.86 wt.% Pb and 22.27 wt.% Zn. Ore bodies are hosted in Carboniferous and Permian carbonate rocks, structurally controlled by the Weining–Shuicheng anticline and its intraformational faults. Ores composed of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, dolomite, and calcite occur as massive, brecciated, veinlets, and disseminations in dolomitic limestones.

The C–O isotope compositions of hydrothermal calcite and S–Pb–Sr isotope compositions of Qingshan sulphide minerals were analysed in order to trace the sources of reduced sulphur and metals for the Pb–Zn deposit. δ13CPDB and δ18OSMOW values of calcite range from –5.0‰ to –3.4‰ and +18.9‰ to +19.6‰, respectively, and fall in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks. They display a negative correlation, suggesting that CO2 in the hydrothermal fluid had a mixed origin of mantle, marine carbonate rocks, and sedimentary organic matter. δ34S values of sulphide minerals range from +10.7‰ to +19.6‰, similar to Devonian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+20‰ to +35‰) and evaporite rocks (+23‰ to +28‰) in Carboniferous-to-Permian strata, suggesting that the reduced sulphur in hydrothermal fluids was derived from host-strata evaporites. Ores and sulphide minerals have homogeneous and low radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.561 to 18.768, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.701 to 15.920, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.831 to 39.641) that plot in the upper crust Pb evolution curve, and are similar to those of Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks. Pb isotope compositions suggest derivation of Pb metal from the host rocks. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of sphalerite range from 0.7107 to 0.7136 and (87Sr/86Sr)200Ma ratios range from 0.7099 to 0.7126, higher than Sinian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks and Permian Emeishan flood basalts, but lower than Proterozoic basement rocks. This indicates that the ore strontium has a mixture source of the older basement rocks and the younger cover sequence. C–O–S–Pb–Sr isotope compositions of the Qingshan Pb–Zn deposit indicate a mixed origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals.  相似文献   

17.
The calcite fossils of the Derbyhaven Beds, Isle of Man, have δ13C values (+ 1·8 PDB) similar to modern, shallow-water marine skeletons, but the δ18O values (?6·1 PDB) are much lighter than modern skeletons. The light oxygen values indicate either re-equilibration with isotopically light water before cementation started, or Carboniferous sea water with δ18O of ?6‰. Aragonite dissolution was followed by precipitation of zoned calcite cement. In this cement, up to six intracrystalline zones, recognized in stained thin sections, show isotopic variation. Carbon varies from + 3-8 to + 1-2‰. and oxygen from ? 2-6 to ? 12-4‰. with decreasing age of the cement. This trend is attributed to increasing temperature and to isotopic evolution of the pore waters during burial. The zoned calcite is sequentially followed by dolomite and kaolinite cements which continue the trend towards light isotopic values. This trend is continued with younger, fault-controlled dolomite, and is terminated by vein-filling calcite and dolomite. The younger calcite, interpreted as a near-surface precipitate from meteoric waters, is unrelated to the older sequence of carbonates and has distinctly different carbon isotope ratios: δ13C ? 6-8‰.  相似文献   

18.
海连富  刘安璐  陶瑞  白金鹤  宋扬 《地球科学》2021,46(12):4274-4290
卫宁北山地区是宁夏境内最有望实现找矿突破的多金属矿成矿区之一,已发现众多Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Co等矿点或矿化点.金场子金矿是该地区已发现的最大的金矿床,矿体主要赋存在前黑山组及中宁组内的层间断裂破碎带中,呈东西向带状分布,产状与地层近乎一致.区域上除少量闪长玢岩脉出露外,岩浆岩不发育.为了探讨金场子金矿成矿流体性质、来源和矿床成因,对研究区流体包裹体和C-H-O同位素进行了研究.金场子金矿床成矿热液期可划分为4个成矿阶段,从早到晚分别是绢云母-黄铁矿-石英阶段（Ⅰ）、黄铁矿-重晶石-石英阶段（Ⅱ）、多金属硫化物-碳酸盐-石英阶段（Ⅲ）和黄铁矿-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅳ）,其中Ⅲ阶段为主成矿阶段.不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体有4种类型,分别是水溶液包裹体、纯CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体.显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的完全均一温度介于171~396 ℃,主要集中于180~270 ℃,盐度介于1.30%~10.99% NaCl equiv,密度为0.24~0.78 g/cm3,为中低温、低盐度、低密度的CO2-H2O-NaCl体系,含有少量N2.热液期石英的δD值为-66.0‰~-32.0‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为+19.7‰~+22.6‰,指示成矿流体为变质流体.C同位素显示,晚阶段（Ⅳ）方解石和菱铁矿的δ13C介于-2.540‰~-0.736‰,表明成矿流体中的C具有混合来源的特点,奥陶系-石炭系陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的变质脱水作用形成的流体可能是金成矿流体的主要来源.成矿过程中流体发生了明显的不混溶现象,是造成金沉淀的重要因素.矿床成因类型属造山型金矿.   相似文献   

19.
多宝山铅锌矿床地质特征及地球化学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
新疆和田县多宝山是西昆仑地区新发现的一处重要铅锌矿床,矿体呈似层状、不规则囊状、脉状,产于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩岩溶角砾岩、生物碎屑灰岩中,围岩蚀变主要有碳酸盐化、白云石化、硅化及泥化等.矿石为块状、细脉状、浸染状、角砾状等构造.矿石矿物与脉石矿物中具极相似的微量元素组构,矿石中铅、锌硫化物δ34SV-CDT=-10.55‰～-1.01‰,矿石Pb同位素组成206Pb/204Pb=18.739 8～18.743 3,207Pb/204Pb=15.702 5～15.7040,208Pb/204Pb=39.092 9～39.097 1,成矿物质来源于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩.矿石中方解石δ13CPDB=3.44‰～5.09‰,18OSMOW=23.09‰～26.79‰,热液中CO2来自海相碳酸盐岩去碳酸作用.流体包裹体均一温度为207℃～262℃,盐度为6.30%～7.73%,说明成矿流体来源于海水热卤水,矿床具MVT铅锌成矿特点.  相似文献   

20.
簸箕田金矿位于灰家堡背斜东头倾覆端,是灰家堡卡林型金矿田重要的组成部分。金矿床具有低温成矿特征,出现硅化、白云石化、黄铁矿化等围岩蚀变和特征的Au-As-Hg元素组合。成矿期方解石具有MREE富集和正Eu异常特点,显示矿热液是一种MREE相对富集以及具有正Eu异常的还原性流体,来源于深部或至少经历过对富含斜长石源区的水-岩反应。成矿期方解石的δ~(13)C为-6‰～-0.1‰,成矿期后方解石的δ~(13)C为0.2‰～3.2‰,显示成矿期碳来源于地幔碳和地层碳的混合,成矿期后碳主要来自于地层。矿床硫同位素变化于0.73‰～5.86‰,组成均一化较高,具有接近幔源硫的特征,反映了成矿物质可能主要来自于深源岩浆。总之我们推测成矿物质主要来源于深部,在燕山期区域构造作用下沿深大断裂上涌,当成矿流体运移至背斜核部时,由于成矿条件的聚变,金被快速富集沉淀,形成簸箕田金矿床。  相似文献   

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