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1.
K. N. Murali Krishna K. S. N. Reddy Ch. Ravi Sekhar P. Ganapathi Rao K. Bangaku Naidu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(1):111-111
The study presents the textural characteristics of late Quaternary red sediments of Bhimunipatnam to understand the process of formation of these sediments. The red sediments are classified into (a) yellow sediments (b) reddish brown sediments (c) brick red sediments and (d) light yellow sediments sequence in the vertical litho section. The yellow sediments, rests on the khondalite basement, comprises of medium grained, moderate to poorly sorted and positively skewed. The rounded pebble beds with trough cross bedding indicate high energy turbulent conditions of deposition. The fining upward sequences indicate sediments were deposited under decreasing energy conditions under fluvial regime.The iron bearing minerals like garnets and pyriboles have undergone chemical weathering under high oxidizing environment resulting in addition of silt and clay to the reddish brown and brick red sediments and concretions were formed by carbonate precipitation. These processes caused changes in the mean grain size and sorting nature of these sediments which are originally aeolian in origin. The light yellow sediments were medium to fine grained, well sorted and similar to modern dune sands in terms of textural parameters. These sediments were deposited under low oxidation environmental conditions and acquired yellow colour due to Fe hydroxides. 相似文献
2.
地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中沉积物胶体释放规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以天津滨海地区北大港水库为研究对象,采用室内柱试验,研究地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中不同位置沉积物胶体释放以及盐分释放/截留的动态特征,同时对沉积物胶体释放、盐分释放/截留机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明:水库不同位置地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中,盐分的归宿不同:接近水库入口处的沉积物能将盐分截留下来,而出水口沉积物却将盐分释放转移到水体。随孔隙体积数的增加,沉积物胶体累计释放量逐渐增加,入库口、库中心、出库口最大累计释放量分别为3.275 mg/g、0.386 mg/g和1.382 mg/g;胶体累计释放量随孔隙体积数的变化曲线符合直线型,胶体释放速率变化很小。盐分的释放或截留是沉积物颗粒的粒径、胶体含量、含盐量等多种因素作用的结果,水库水体与沉积物中的盐分处于动态平衡状态,当沉积物中含盐量高于平衡浓度时,其盐分会向水体中释放,同时吸附在胶体上的盐分也会随着胶体的释放而释放;反之,水体中的盐分会向沉积物中迁移被截留下来,沉积物粒径越小,越易吸附水中的盐分。胶体的释放规律可以用双电层理论得到很好的解释。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地典型含铀碳酸型盐湖水、岩两相234U/238U综合分析表明,碳酸型盐湖铀来源于大气降水和潜水对盐湖盆地周围中生代到现代富铀沉积物的溶滤、浸出,具有快速、近源物质来源特点。盐湖卤水和对应沉积物234U/238U值一般为0.8～1.2,湖卤水和潜卤水（晶间卤水）-岩两相中的铀处于沉积平衡状态。早白垩世～上新世含膏盐地层对比研究证实了富铀岩层234U/238U值随铀含量增大而减小,并趋近于1。室内盐湖水蒸发模拟实验发现残余卤水、沉积物234U/238U具有随蒸发程度增大逐渐减小的变化特征。盐湖现代沉积物物相研究发现铀主要以碳酸铀酰和吸附形式赋存在富含有机物和碎屑成分的含盐粘土沉积中,铀在盐类晶体中含量极少,仅存在于封闭水和结晶水中。卤水和沉积物ARu值是盐湖铀源及铀含量水平的指示标志之一。 相似文献
4.
东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究 总被引：38，自引：4，他引：34
利用东海陆架泥质沉积区和周围砂质沉积区的表层沉积物元素含量和海水悬浮沉积物总量分析资料,对泥质区的沉积地球化学进行了比较研究。结果表明东海不同泥质区的沉积地球化学过程很不相同。浙江近岸泥质区沉积物元素以Fe、Mn、Zn的含量高,Na、Sr、Al、Ca的含量低为特征,其地球化学特征与长江沉积物非常一致。近岸泥质区的沉积物基本来源于长江输入海的沉积物,在台湾暖流的作用下沉积在浙江沿岸。远岸济州岛西南泥质区沉积物以Na、Sr的高含量,较高的Al、Ca含量和低的Fe、Mn、Zn含量为特征,其地球化学特征与黄河源沉积物有好的相关性,但有一定的混合源性质,该泥质区的沉积物主要来源于黄河源的细颗粒沉积物,由黄海沿岸流搬运到该区并沉积下来。沉积物在搬运沉积过程中,元素粒度分异作用明显。东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学过程的控制性影响因子是东海环流系统和物源,其中台湾暖流对东海陆架远岸和近岸泥质区的沉积地球化学分区具有关键作用。 相似文献
5.
锌同位素体系是海洋地球化学研究的新示踪剂,应用于示踪海水中锌元素的来源及其运移过程.海洋沉积物作为锌元素重要的"源"与/或"汇",其锌同位素组成的研究有助于理解海洋锌元素的地球化学循环.海洋沉积物记录了海水组成的信息,可以反演古海水锌同位素组成的变化,前提是理解沉积物与海水之间的分馏.对海水及海洋不同储库锌同位素研究进行系统总结,包括河流输入、热液体系、不同类型海洋沉积物(如富碳酸盐的沉积物、陆源硅酸盐碎屑、硅质沉积物、铁锰结核、贫氧-缺氧沉积物)的锌同位素组成,阐述了海洋沉积物锌同位素组成变化在古气候、古环境重建以及古海洋学等领域的应用以及重要性. 相似文献
6.
Potentially mineralizable nitrogen in sediments of the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Potentially mineralizable N (PMN) in sediments is an important N source to aquatic ecosystems. However, there are few studies on PMN in lake sediments. The main N fraction in lake sediments is organic, and mineralization is through benthic metabolism in sediments rather than in the water column in most shallow lake systems. It is shown that PMN contents in the studied sediments were higher than the inorganic N in the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area, China, and were also higher than those in soils from the same region. PMN constituted 3–26% (14%, on the average) of total N (TN) in sediments. Amino-acid N was the major contributor to the organic N pool in PMN. Potentially mineralizable N, TN, total P, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and fine-grain size were significantly correlated. With TN increasing in the slightly polluted sediments, PMN increased more rapidly in the heavily polluted sediments. The results suggest that more attention should be paid to organic N mineralization both in heavily and in less polluted sediments. 相似文献
7.
细粒沉积物特征及其古地理研究对含油气细粒沉积物的勘探开发、评价预测、工程技术设计等意义重大。近年来,细粒沉积物,尤其是含油气细粒沉积物研究的快速发展,带来了一系列新的研究领域。在讨论细粒沉积物的定义、分类与特征的基础上,通过分析细粒沉积的文献知识群,获取细粒沉积物、页岩研究等结构、热点与发展方向。国际上细粒沉积物研究主要关注微结构和成因机制,近年来主要在具有油气意义的特殊细粒沉积物--页岩研究方面取得关键进展,对页岩的研究过程可以分为以页岩表征为代表的主知识网络和以页岩气赋存、运移等构成的延伸知识网络。细粒沉积物古地理恢复方法丰富,适用性存在差异,但量化、多因素综合、数据集成与深度挖掘、人工智能化将是细粒沉积古地理恢复方法的方向。在含油气细粒沉积物的优选评价方面,需要对沉积物本身特征与控制影响因素展开精细研究,进而延伸出“更宏观”与“更微观”2个主要发展方向。 相似文献
8.
Mercury distribution was examined in the sediments of Lake Baikal that were sampled within the scope of the Baikal Drilling International Project in 1996–1999. The Hg concentrations in the ancient sediments are close to those in the modern sediments with the exception of a few peak values, whose ages coincide with those of active volcanism in adjacent areas. Mercury was demonstrated to be contained in the sediments in the adsorbed Hg0 mode, predominantly in relation with organic matter. When the organic matter of the bottom sediments is decomposed in the course of lithification, Hg is retained in the sediments adsorbed on the residual organic matter, and the concentration of this element corresponds to its initial content in the bottom sediments during their accumulation. Mercury concentrations in lithologically distinct bottom sediments of Lake Baikal and its sediments as a whole depend on the climate. Sediments that were formed during warm periods of time contain more Hg than those produced during cold periods or glaciation. Periodical variations in the Hg concentrations in the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal reflect the variations in the contents of this element in the Earth’s atmosphere in the Late Cenozoic, which were, in turn, controlled by the climatic variations on the planet and, thus, can be used for detailed reconstructions of variations in the average global temperature near the planet’s surface. 相似文献
9.
The effect of salinity on ammonium sorption in aquatic sediments: Implications for benthic nutrient recycling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ambient exchangeable ammonium concentrations in freshwater sediments are generally considerably greater than those reported for marine sediments. Laboratory measurements indicate that competition for cation exchange sites by ions in seawater is a factor responsible for the lower exchangeable ammonium concentrations in marine sediments. Exchangeable ammonium concentrations were 3- to 6-fold higher when river and estuarine sediments were incubated with fresh water relative to the same sediments incubated with salt water (%.-23). A model was developed to explore the implications for benthic nitrogen cycling of this salinity effect on exchangeable ammonium concentrations. Ammonium diffusion, exchangeable and dissolved ammonium concentrations, and nitrification rates were components of the model formulation. The model output suggests that higher exchangeable ammonium concentrations predicted in fresh water relative to marine sediments can markedly increase the fraction of the ammonium produced in sediments that is nitrified (and subsequently denitrified). These results are consistent with field and experimental laboratory data which indicate that a larger percentage of net ammonium production in aerobic freshwater sediments is nitrified and denitrified (80–100%) relative to marine sediments (40–60%). 相似文献
10.
江苏典型地区河流沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其污染来源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河流沉积物等地表沉积物中重金属元素分布等环境地球化学调查数据的统计分析,总结了江苏典型地区河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布特点与规律:江苏局部地区河流沉积物中,Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg等相对富集趋势明显,Cd最大富集倍数 100;不同河流沉积物的重金属元素分布存在差异,与其污染来源密切相关;工业排放是导致河流重金属污染的主要原因,使用含Cd的颜料作为调色剂导致部分河流出现严重Cd污染;与土壤等其他地表沉积物相比,河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布更不均衡。查明河流沉积物的重金属元素分布可为相关农产品安全性预测、确定重金属污染来源、追踪涉重产业的发展历程、防治局部耕地重金属污染等提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
In the mining district of Plombières-La Calamine (East Belgium), extensive Pb–Zn mining activities resulted in an important contamination of overbank sediments along the Geul river. Moreover, a huge amount of heavy metals is stored in a dredged mine pond tailing, which is located along the river. In the dredged mine pond tailing sediments, Pb–Zn minerals control the solubility of Zn, Pb and Cd. Although Pb, Zn and Cd display a lower solubility in overbank sediments compared to the mine tailing pond sediments, elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd are still found in the porewater of the overbank sediments. The considerable ‘actual’ and ‘potential’ mobility of Zn, Pb and Cd indicates that the mine pond tailing sediments and the overbank sediments downstream from the mine pond tailing represent a considerable threat for the environment. Besides the chemical remobilisation of metals from the sediments, the erosion of overbank sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. 相似文献
12.
通过中山舰沉积物的纹层、磁化率、铁磁性物质与长江水位、大气污染的磁性物质来源关系等,并结合文史资料,得出沉积物磁化率的显著变化可作判别沉积物相对年代的指标,而沉积物中与现代工业发展相关的圆球状磁性金属废渣可作为判别沉积物确切年代的标志。沉积物磁化率的明显增强的原因是环境变化引起的铁磁性物质的增多,圆球状金属废渣的首次出现是武钢投厂对大气环境污染的结果,其指示年代为1959年。磁化率相对较低的沉积物沉积年代为1938-1958年,而磁化率明显增强的沉积物年代为1959年以后。研究表明,采用的沉积物磁性特征与文史相结合的断年方法,具有原理简明、操作方便、研究成本低等特点,适合内陆人口密集地区大尺度沉积环境普查研究的需要,并且不受沉积环境、沉积类型差异的影响。 相似文献
13.
Grain size and geochemical analyses have been carried out on 58 samples collected from different areas of mangrove environment
of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The texture characteristics of mangrove sediments show that the mean size decreases in sediments
of coastal areas while increase in island sediments and the sediment type generally changes from sand to slightly gravelly
muddy sand. The sediments are composed mainly of poorly sorted, negatively nearly symmetrical and leptokurtic fine sands.
Cluster analysis showed that, distribution of gravel, sand and mud fractions is related to bottom facies and type of sediment
source. Generally, sand fraction is the main category among the three constituents. Geochemically the factor controlling the
carbonate content of studied sediments includes material supply of biogenic and terrigenous components. Therefore, sediments
of Hamata area, km 17 south Safaga, Wadi El-Gemal Island and Abu-Minqar Island are terrigenous sediments, while sediments
of km 37 north Quseir are highly carbonates. In general organic matter is higher in the mangrove sediments relative to adjacent
areas. The high organic matter in the mangrove sediments is primarily due to the high supply from primary productivity, terrestrial
and reworked sediments. Texture is the main controlling factor for the organic matter enrichment. Spatial variations in the
phosphorus content in the different studied localities are related to the sources of phosphorus to the area. In comparison,
cluster analysis indicates that phosphorus might be transported from terrestrial source to the sea through wadis draining
the excavated Upper Cretaceous phosphate rocks. Also, the abundance of phosphorus content may be attributed to phosphatization
of calcareous skeletons. Our observations provide knowledge on the physico-chemical effects and will be useful in the management
and suitable development of the areas under study. In addition it represent database in the future. 相似文献
14.
15.
Texture and geochemistry of the sediments of a tropical mangrove ecosystem,southwest coast of India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The textural and geochemical aspects of the sediments of a tropical mangrove ecosystem have been studied and discussed. The sediments are characterized by the abundance of silt and sand with minor amounts of clay. The mean size of the sediment ranges from 0.205 mm to 0.098 mm (fine to very fine grained sand). The sediments are very poorly sorted, negatively to very negatively skewed, and platy to extremely leptokurtic in nature. The organic carbon content of the sediments ranges from 0,33% to 4.93%, which is controlled by the particle size of the sediments. The CaCO3 content is five times the enrichment of organic carbon. This enhanced CaCO3 content of the mangrove sediments might be a result of the abundance of shell fragments in the sediments. The shell mining activities in the estuarine bed adjoining the Kumarakam mangroves also contribute a substantial amount of lime muds to the mangrove area, which in turn add CaCO3 to the sediments. The relative concentrations of heavy metals are Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu. All heavy metals other than Fe show an increase in concentration compared to the other parts of the estuarine bed. Cluster analysis indicates that the contents of organic C, Fe and Mn have a marked bearing on the Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cu levels of the mangrove sediments. 相似文献
16.
Mitsugu Nishimura 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(4):349-357
Detailed geochemical analyses of the high reduction zone in Lake Suwa sediments suggested that the stenol to stanol conversion rate in this zone is primarily controlled by the proportion of autochthonous contribution to organic matter and the redox potential in these sediments, and that land-derived stenols were kept insensitive to hydrogenation in lacustrine sediments as compared with those derived from plankton. These results indicate that stanols derived directly from organisms on land may contribute significantly to stanols found in lacustrine sediments which contain minor proportions of autochthonous organic materials.In order to express the relative autochthonous vs terrigenous contribution to organic matter in lacustrine sediments, the autochthonous contribution index (ACI) was defined based on the characteristic distribution of sterol in plankton and land plants. It systematically increased from river inlet towards lake center and correlated closely with the δ13C value in same sediments. This strongly indicates that ACI is a useful indicator providing informatiom on autochthonous vs terrigenous contribution to the organic material in lacustrine sediments. 相似文献
17.
Concentration and mass loadings of heavy metals adsorbed on sediment from an urban road surface in Beijing were investigated.
The buildup and washoff processes are discussed. Results showed that masses of sediments smaller than 500 μm in diameter varied
from 11.2 to 25.5 g/m2. On average, sediments smaller than 125 μm accounted for 42.9% of sediments smaller than 500 μm in mass. Cd, Cr, Cu, and
Ni were more likely to attach to smaller sediments than bigger ones, compared to Pb and Zn. Mass loading of the sediments
generally increased with antecedent dry periods, but the linear relationship was better for smaller sediments than for bigger
ones. Heavy metal concentrations adsorbed on sediments with diameter less than 40 μm generally decreased more obviously than
those adsorbed on bigger ones after rainfall events. 相似文献
18.
长江与黄河河口沉积物磁性特征对比的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
根据2001年8月和9月分别采自黄河与长江河口沉积物样品的磁性测量和粒度分析,探讨长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性特征及其差异。长江河口沉积物中亚铁磁性物质的含量高于黄河口,但长江口与黄河口沉积物中都是亚铁磁性矿物主导了样品磁性特征,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴-多畴为主。相比黄河口沉积物,长江口沉积物不完整反铁磁性物质对磁性特征的的贡献较小。长江与黄河河口的这种磁性特征主要反映了不同的沉积物来源的控制影响。此外,无论是长江口还是黄河口沉积物,磁性参数χARM、χfd%与沉积物细粒级组分存在显著的相关性,表明这两个参数作为粒度的代用指标具有普遍性。 相似文献
19.
Open spaces in epithermal veins of the Bohemia mining district, Oregon, USA, filled with sediments during hydrothermal activity. These sediments consist mainly of chalcedony, rock fragments, and vein quartz fragments. In addition, hematite is deposited during stage three of the vein development. Observed sedimentary features include draping laminae, erosion surfaces, slumping, and graded bedding. Such sediments can be used for reconstruction of the original orientation of vein systems, because the sediment laminae are initially deposited horizontally. Vein sediments record variations in fluid flow due to self-sealing, fracturing, and cessation of hydrothermal activity. Investigation of vein sediments therefore provides an additional tool to unravel the geologic history of epithermal systems. The chalcedonic vein sediments record large temperature drops and highly silica supersaturated waters, probably due to fracturing and pressure release. Hematitic vein sediments indicate sulfide deficient hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
20.
本文首次报道对北黄海沉积物中氮的形态及其早期成岩作用的研究成果。结果表明 ,北黄海沉积物中占主导地位的是细粒度组分 ,其结构和性质直接影响着沉积物中化学元素的形态、含量与分布 ,使自然粒度沉积物中各形态氮的垂向分布与细粒度组分中各形态氮的分布非常相近。在氮的早期成岩过程中 ,粒度也起着非常重要的作用 ,沉积物的粒度越细 ,沉积物中有机氮的分解速率越小 ,即细粒度沉积物中有机氮的分解矿化速率最小 ,易于富集有机氮。对于不同站位的沉积物来说 ,因其沉积速率的差异 ,致使沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量有很大差异 ,沉积速率越大 ,沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量越大 ,在沉积速率最大的 C4站位 ,各形态氮的埋藏通量最大。 相似文献