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1.
上扬子二叠系─三叠系初海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成与生物绝灭事件 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
本文报道了贵州罗甸沫阳、四川广元上寺和重庆中梁山二叠系及二叠－三叠系界线附近海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素测定结果。注意到早二叠世及晚二叠世吴家坪期的δ１３Ｃ具有极大的正值，反映了这段地质历史时期生物过渡繁盛和有机碳的高速埋藏。晚二叠世长兴（大隆）期的δ１３Ｃ值急剧降低，并在三叠纪初步达到极小值，反映了二叠－三叠系界线附近生物的迅速衰亡和集体绝灭。界线附近生物的集体绝灭事件除与二叠纪末的火山作用、环境与气候变迁有关外，还与晚二叠世的碳循环平衡失调造成广泛缺氧事件有着密切关系，实际上是几种因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
2.
上扬子二叠系—三叠系初海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成与生物绝灭事件 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23
本文报道了贵州罗甸沫阳、四川广元上寺和重庆中梁山二叠系及二叠一三叠系界线附近海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素测定结果。注意到早二叠世及晚二叠世吴家坪期的δ＾１３Ｃ具有极大的正值，反映了这段地质历史时期生物过渡繁盛和有机碳的调整埋藏。晚二叠世长兴期的δ＾１３Ｃ值急剧降低，并在三叠纪初步达到极小值，反映了二叠一三叠系界线附近生物的迅速衰亡和集体绝灭。界线附近生物的集体绝灭事件除与二叠纪末的火山作用，环境与气候变 相似文献
3.
在瓜德鲁普统末期发生了一次大规模生物灭绝事件,多类生物均遭受重创。关于此次生物灭绝事件成因,有学者认为海洋缺氧是主要的直接原因之一,但瓜德鲁普统-乐平统（G-L）过渡时期海洋的氧化还原条件的研究开展得较少,缺少直接证据证明海洋缺氧和瓜德鲁普统末期生物灭绝的关系。草莓状黄铁矿粒径是指示沉积水体氧化还原条件的少数可靠的指标之一。由于微晶粒径大小与草莓状黄铁矿粒径大小密切相关,草莓微晶粒径大小同样也可以作为沉积水体的氧化还原指标。本文通过研究蓬莱滩剖面卡匹敦阶茅口组和吴家坪阶合山组下部草莓状黄铁矿微晶粒径特征,从而分析沉积环境的氧化还原状态。研究结果表明蓬莱滩剖面茅口组和合山组微晶粒径多数分布在0.4～1.2 μm之间,大部分样品微晶粒径分布相对较窄,部分样品分布较宽。茅口组-合山组界线处间歇性出现微晶粒径很小且分布范围窄的样品,其平均微晶粒径一般小于0.7 μm,最大值一般不超过1.2 μm,很可能指示硫化-缺氧的环境。茅口组和合山组大部分样品平均微晶粒径分布在0.7～1.0 μm之间,最大值一般不超过3.3 μm,很可能指示的是氧化-贫氧环境。蓬莱滩剖面硫化至缺氧环境对应着瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝事件层位,说明这两者很可能存在因果关系。海洋的硫化缺氧很可能是瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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二叠纪瓜德鲁普世是古海洋条件发生重大变化的转折期。瓜德鲁普世古海洋、古环境的演化对古生代底栖无脊椎动物灭绝的影响仍然是个谜。利用元素地球化学,分析瓜德鲁普统孤峰组的陆源碎屑供应、海洋表层水体的初级生产力以及底部水体的氧化还原条件。结果表明:瓜德鲁普世早期和晚期分别发生了一次陆源碎屑输入的高峰期。瓜德鲁普世早期海洋初级生产力最高,中期海水初级生产力较低,而晚期稍有升高。瓜德鲁普世古海水主要为缺氧至硫化环境。瓜德鲁普世早期以贫氧至缺氧环境为主,间歇性出现硫化环境;中晚期则以硫化环境为主,间歇性出现缺氧环境。这些氧化还原环境的演化主要受到水动力条件的影响。瓜德鲁普世深水环境水体的持续缺氧硫化引发浅水台地底部水体的持续贫氧甚至缺氧,造成海洋生态系统变得脆弱,引发生物危机事件。 相似文献
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吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线位于这两次生物大灭绝事件之间,科学界对该界线附近是否发生重大地质事件仍然知之甚少,有关该时期的环境变化、碳循环的研究也不深入.嘉禾大窝岭剖面牙形石生物地层以及碳同位素变化的研究,为进一步探讨吴家坪期-长兴期附近的生物及环境事件提供基础材料.晚二叠世时以深水盆地相沉积为主的大窝岭剖面位于湖南省嘉禾县袁家镇附近.该剖面大隆组出露较好,岩性主要为硅质岩、硅质灰岩、灰岩以及泥岩.在大隆组中共识别出牙形石1属3种(含一个未定种):Clarkina wangi,C. deflecta,C. sp.,并识别出牙形石C. wangi带和C. changxingensis-C. deflecta组合带.根据C. wangi的首现,将大窝岭剖面的吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线(Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary,简称WCB)置于第11层底部.该剖面全岩无机碳同位素数据显示在13~15层发生了一次快速的负偏,从2.18‰负偏到-1.39‰,负偏值近3.50‰,可与浙江煤山及四川上寺等剖面进行很好的对比,揭示这次碳同位素负偏在华南区域上可具对比性. 相似文献
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7.
《地质科技情报》2015,(6)
目前研究表明,深水环境缺氧团向浅水扩散是导致二叠纪末生物危机事件的重要诱因,然而其作用过程仍存在较大争议。四川盆地东部晚二叠世长兴期主要为台地环境,通过对研究区内卧龙河构造连续沉积的井剖面对比研究发现,在二叠纪末生物大灭绝界线之前的碳酸盐岩地层中自然伽马值整体出现异常正偏。当碳酸盐岩地层中泥质含量、钍和钾的含量相对较少时,自然伽马主要反映铀含量变化,进而指示海水氧化还原条件。长兴晚期区内台地环境显现出不同程度的缺氧效应,并持续发展直至生物大灭绝的来临。区内长兴组自然伽马值异常记录了长兴晚期海洋氧化还原过程,同时也见证了重大地质转折期将至时环境的不稳定性。 相似文献
8.
本区长兴组底部普遍发现一薄层砾岩,经酸解分析,内含丰富的牙形刺和鱼牙化石。根据化石确定,此层砾岩在不同地区为不同时代:浙江长兴煤山,砾岩时代为晚二叠世早期之末;安徽广德独山和江苏张渚园田,砾岩时代为晚二叠世晚期之初。此砾岩的出现说明本区龙潭组沉积之后有一短期侵蚀,并代表长兴组沉积的开始。因此长兴组沉积在各地不同,应是一穿时的地层单位。它始于晚二叠世早期之末至晚二叠世末。并根据岩相分析结果认为本区长兴组是一个由北东向南西展布的浅海台地到台前凹陷的低能海进沉积环境。 相似文献
9.
地质历史时期的重大生物—环境事件往往伴随着古海洋海水氧化还原条件的改变,而遗迹化石作为原位保存的生物成因沉积构造,对于解读古海洋氧化还原条件具有显著的优势。通过对前人常用的遗迹学参数进行分析总结,发现遗迹化石多样性、生物扰动强度、潜穴直径、特征遗迹化石组合这4项定量参数可以表征古海洋氧化还原条件的变化。文中以华南二叠系乐平统遗迹化石及生物扰动构造作为研究对象,系统分析了二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件前后遗迹化石参数表征的古海洋氧化还原条件变化特征:自吴家坪期晚期华南古海洋开始出现缺氧,然而该缺氧状态在长兴期不具有持续性,而是呈现出周期性缺氧/贫氧→富氧/有氧的波动特征;在二叠纪末生物大灭绝之前,煤山剖面高精度的定量遗迹学参数指示长兴组24e层顶部存在缺氧事件,并与大灭绝事件有着良好的对应关系。这一实例具体展示了遗迹学参数在古海洋水体氧化还原条件重建中应用前景广阔。 相似文献
10.
浙江北部龙潭组的沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 浙江地区的晚二叠世沉积受东吴运动的控制,早二叠世末,由于杭州至上海一带的东吴隆起的形成,出现了浙北与浙西二大不同的沉积环境,龙潭组及长兴组在岩性岩相、生物组合和含煤特征都有很大差异。 相似文献
11.
湖南慈利江垭剖面中 上二叠统自下而上可以分为栖霞组、茅口组、吴家坪组和大隆组,总厚度为4617 m。该剖面岩以石灰岩为主,含少量的硅岩、泥岩、页岩和白云岩。石灰岩进一步分为砾屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、粉屑灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩以及生物碎屑泥粒灰岩。砾屑灰岩主要分布于栖霞组及茅口组中,为斜坡沉积作用的产物。白云岩主要为同生和准同生白云岩,为局限台地环境的产物。根据岩性、微相分析,可划分出滨岸、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、斜坡及盆地6种沉积环境。沉积演化表明,研究区二叠纪发生了两次大规模的海侵,主要发生于栖霞期早期—茅口期晚期以及吴家坪期早期—长兴期晚期。值得指出的是,栖霞组及茅口组中斜坡沉积的发现,对于重新认识研究区中二叠世古地理分布、演化及斜坡的迁移具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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湖北兴山大峡口剖面二叠系自下而上可以分为栖霞组、茅口组、吴家坪组和长兴组,总厚度为43372 m。该剖面岩石以石灰岩为主,含少量的白云岩、硅岩和页岩。石灰岩可进一步分为生屑石灰岩、生屑质石灰岩、含生屑石灰岩、泥（粉）晶石灰岩和眼球状石灰岩。眼球状石灰岩主要分布于栖霞组下部和茅口组中下部,为沉积作用和成岩作用的共同产物。白云岩主要是呈斑块状分布的石灰质白云岩,主要分布于长兴组上部,其可能为石灰岩经埋藏白云化作用而形成。硅岩呈结核状、团块状、条带状,为交代成因。根据岩性、古生物化石、沉积构造等相标志分析,划分出了滨岸、碳酸盐岩台地、盆地边缘和盆地等4种沉积环境,其中碳酸盐岩开阔台地内局部出现浅滩环境。沉积演化表明,该地区二叠纪发生了两次较大规模的海进、海退旋回,第1次海侵始于中二叠世栖霞组沉积初期,结束于茅口组沉积末期;第2次海侵始于吴家坪组沉积初期,直至长兴组沉积期末结束。初步分析表明,研究区二叠系具有良好的烃源岩条件和储集条件。 相似文献
13.
论东吴运动构造事件与二叠系分统界线问题 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
根据华南二叠系海水进退、沉积旋回、岩相变化、生物变革及火山活动等事件研究，东吴运动是存在的，位于翠屏山组与童子岩组、龙潭组与堰桥组、吴家坪组与茅口组之间，以假整合、整合或不整合而显现其不平衡性。它是属一种以升降为主振荡性质的地壳运动，并可与新疆北山运动和欧洲萨尔运动相对比。东吴运动所造成的这一事件界线是由早二叠世海退线和晚二叠世海进线重合而成，前者是穿时的，后者则是近等时的。因此，以其作为二叠系分统的界线，应是一条比较理想的自然界线。 相似文献
14.
《Gondwana Research》2014,26(4):1357-1368
Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) during the Cenomanian–Turonian (C/T) transition caused stepwise marine extinctions. Using organic compounds, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, and foraminifera from three depth-transect sections in northern Spain, this study revealed repeated anoxic/euxinic events coinciding with warming and stepwise extinctions of planktonic and/or benthic foraminifera within intermediate to surface waters in the proto-North Atlantic during the C/T transition. Those short-duration euxinic events occurred four times: at 93.95 Ma, marked by the extinction of Rotalipora greenhornensis; at 93.90 Ma, marked by the extinction of Rotalipora cushmani; at the mid-time maximum of the plateau of the δ13C of carbonates (93.70 Ma); and at the time of the C/T boundary (93.55 Ma). Furthermore, the main benthic foraminiferal extinctions occurred during the first and second euxinic events in the upper slope, during the second and third euxinic events in the outer to middle shelf, and during the third and fourth events in the middle shelf. The main euxinic events in each section also showed a progression to the shallow shelf. The main anoxia–extinction events occurred in the upper slope and outer shelf then moved to the middle shelf. The shallowest section had relatively weak anoxia and a proportionally low extinction rate. These new findings indicate that foraminiferal extinctions started from the intermediate water and the continental slope and then moved to the continental shelf. This was the result of the repeated progression of euxinic–anoxic water from the upper slope to the middle shelf on the eastern continental margin of the proto-North Atlantic four times during a 400 kyr period, to the end of the Cenomanian. 相似文献
15.
鄂南蒲圻、通山、崇阳等地晚二叠世地层发育,含(竹蜓)类化石9个属40个种,其中新种8个,未定种7个,根据它们的地层分布位置,可分两个带、两个亚带,即吴家坪阶Codonofusiella带,长兴阶Palaeofusulina带;后者,下部为Palaeofusulina-Reichelina亚带,上部为Nankinella-Staffella亚带。Codonofusiella及Palaeofusulina混生现象只限于长兴组下部。代表区内长兴阶最高层位不是palaeofusulina,而是新建立的Nankinella-Staffella组合化石亚带。笔者认为,我国南部各地域内都以Palaeofusulina来确定二叠系和三叠系的界线是困难的。 相似文献
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《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2010,37(6):491-502
A review of the tetrapod (amphibian and amniote) record across the Permo-Triassic boundary (PTB) indicates a global evolutionary turnover of tetrapods close to the PTB. There is also a within-Guadalupian tetrapod extinction here called the dinocephalian extinction event, probably of global extent. The dinocephalian extinction event is a late Wordian or early Capitanian extinction based on biostratigraphic data and magnetostratigraphy (the extinction precedes the Illawara reversal), so it is not synchronous with the end-Guadalupian marine extinction. The Russian PTB section documents two tetrapod extinction events, one just before the dinocephalian extinction event and the other at the base of the Lystrosaurus assemblage. However, generic diversity across the latter extinction remains essentially the same despite a total evolutionary turnover of tetrapod genera. The Chinese and South African sections document the stratigraphic overlap of Dicynodon and Lystrosaurus. In the Karoo basin, the lowest occurrence of Lystrosaurus is in a stratigraphic interval of reversed magnetic polarity, which indicates it predates the marine-defined PTB, so, as previously suggested by some workers, the lowest occurrence of Lystrosaurus cannot be used to identify the PTB in nonmarine strata. Correlation of the marine PTB section at Meishan, southern China, to the Karoo basin based primarily on magnetostratigraphy indicates that the main marine extinction preceded the PTB tetrapod extinction event. The ecological severity of the PTB tetrapod extinction event has generally been overstated, and the major change in tetrapod assemblages that took place across the PTB was the prolonged and complex “replacement” of therapsids by archosaurs that began before the end of the Permian and was not complete until well into the Triassic. The tetrapod extinctions are not synchronous with the major marine extinctions at the end of the Guadalupian and just before the end of the Permian, so the idea of catastrophic causes of synchronous PTB extinctions on land and sea should be reconsidered. 相似文献
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18.
Stratigraphical Time——Correlation and Mass Extinction Event Near Permian——Triassic Boundary in South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shaw’s method used to correlate40 sections across the Permo-Triassic boundaryin South China is applied in the paper.Two steps are adopted to get an Integral Compo-site Section(ICS)by synthesizing these data:First,South China is divided into fiveareas and composite section developed for each area.Then the second step,theChangxing composite section is regarded as a composite standard(CSRS)while the ICSis produced by matching the CSRS with composite sections of the other areas.Threebiozones in the Changxingian and two biozones in the Griesbachian can be discerned onthe basis of computing Z values in the ICS.These biozones are marked by the Z values which quantitatively represent their time ranges;therefore,they may increase accuracy ofstratigraphic time correlation.The mass extinction at the end of the Permian is an ab-rupt event that is supported by the relative rate of extinction near the P/T boundary.About90％of invertebrate species died out by the end of the Permian.The duration ofthe mass extinction 相似文献
19.
A review of the tetrapod (amphibian and amniote) record across the Permo-Triassic boundary (PTB) indicates a global evolutionary turnover of tetrapods close to the PTB. There is also a within-Guadalupian tetrapod extinction here called the dinocephalian extinction event, probably of global extent. The dinocephalian extinction event is a late Wordian or early Capitanian extinction based on biostratigraphic data and magnetostratigraphy (the extinction precedes the Illawara reversal), so it is not synchronous with the end-Guadalupian marine extinction. The Russian PTB section documents two tetrapod extinction events, one just before the dinocephalian extinction event and the other at the base of the Lystrosaurus assemblage. However, generic diversity across the latter extinction remains essentially the same despite a total evolutionary turnover of tetrapod genera. The Chinese and South African sections document the stratigraphic overlap of Dicynodon and Lystrosaurus. In the Karoo basin, the lowest occurrence of Lystrosaurus is in a stratigraphic interval of reversed magnetic polarity, which indicates it predates the marine-defined PTB, so, as previously suggested by some workers, the lowest occurrence of Lystrosaurus cannot be used to identify the PTB in nonmarine strata. Correlation of the marine PTB section at Meishan, southern China, to the Karoo basin based primarily on magnetostratigraphy indicates that the main marine extinction preceded the PTB tetrapod extinction event. The ecological severity of the PTB tetrapod extinction event has generally been overstated, and the major change in tetrapod assemblages that took place across the PTB was the prolonged and complex “replacement” of therapsids by archosaurs that began before the end of the Permian and was not complete until well into the Triassic. The tetrapod extinctions are not synchronous with the major marine extinctions at the end of the Guadalupian and just before the end of the Permian, so the idea of catastrophic causes of synchronous PTB extinctions on land and sea should be reconsidered. 相似文献