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1.
微生物成因沉积构造(MISS)是微生物在沉积物和水界面与沉积环境相互作用,并通过微生物的生长、新陈代谢、破坏、腐烂等过程在沉积物中留下的各种生物作用的沉积构造,对于恢复古沉积环境具有重要的指示意义,也是近年来遗迹学研究的热点。河南济源地区下寒武统辛集组的石英砂岩层面上发现了大量的微生物成因沉积构造,通过宏观形态描述及微观分析,可识别出微生物席生长构造和微生物席破坏构造2种类型,微生物席生长构造中可见肯尼亚构造和细小网状生长脊,微生物席破坏构造以多边形脱水砂裂、曲形脱水砂裂及纺锤状脱水砂裂最为常见。环境分析结果表明,这些微生物成因沉积构造主要发育在潮间带,表明潮间带是微生物生长的良好环境。对微生物成因沉积构造成因机理的模拟表明后生动物的缺乏、砂质基底、光照、水动力条件及周期性暴露等因素对于其发育和保存都有至关重要的影响,潮下带-潮间带过渡区域发育的纺锤状脱水砂裂形成的主控因素为光照条件及上覆快速沉积物的压力,而潮间带多边形脱水砂裂形成的主控因素是周期性暴露的影响。 相似文献
2.
微生物成因沉积构造（Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures, MISS） 是底栖微生物群及其生命活动与沉积物相互
作用形成的沉积构造,是微生物群生命活动的重要产物,多出现在陆源碎屑岩中,也是微生物群落在碎屑沉积中最重要的
地质记录。该类构造在前寒武纪的广布性和显生宙的局限分布性,对于研究地球表层环境的演变具有重要意义。通过对鲁
山地区野外露头发育的MISS的详细观察和描述,依据其成因和形态观察,将其分为微生物席生长构造（Mat growth feature）、
微生物席破坏构造（Mat destruction feature） 和微生物席腐烂构造（Mat decay feature） 三种类型,包括瘤状突起、不规则侧
向生长脊、多边形网状生长脊、多边形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、不规则网状脱水裂痕、次圆状网状脱水裂痕、砂火山
构造等8个主要形态构造。根据宏观形态、镜下特征等,分析讨论了MISS的形态构造、成分、成因、沉积环境等。对含有
MISS石英砂岩的镜下石英颗粒及其矿物组分特征的研究发现,宏观上形态各异的MISS的镜下特征差别不大,并且在MISS
形成过程中生物物理沉积和生物化学沉积共同起着作用,同时也发现微生物群落可能多生长在中等水动力、沉积物为细粒
的环境中。 相似文献
3.
豫西济源二叠纪末-三叠纪初陆相微生物成因构造及其古环境意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在豫西济源地区发现的陆相微生物成因构造（Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures,MISSs）,主要发育在孙家沟组和刘家沟组,可分为2大类即微生物席生长构造和微生物席破坏构造,8小类即生长脊构造、瘤状突起、曲形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、似正弦状构造、树枝状脱水裂痕、多边形脱水裂痕和直脊状脱水裂痕。镜下分析显示具有大"U"形脊、定向排列的石英颗粒、近平行的暗色黏土矿物条带及悬浮排列的云母颗粒等微生物成因特征。通过与鲁山、黎城中元古界以及宜阳、柳林早三叠系微生物成因构造对比研究,认为研究区的微生物成因构造具有较为特殊的埋藏学特征,受二叠纪末灾变事件、适宜的沉积条件和气候因素控制,代表着研究区以微生物群落为主、后生动物稀少、植被贫乏、气候炎热和水土流失严重等特征的一种陆相灾后生态系。 相似文献
4.
在山西黎城县西井镇彭庄至大井盘公路旁剖面以及黄崖洞景区发育大量的微生物成因构造(MISS),多发育在砂岩表面。由于构造形态奇特,被误以为各种遗迹化石或是不规则的泥裂构造。依据其形态特征、成因构造和前人分类方案,将研究区此类构造分为3种类型,即微生物席生长构造、微生物席破坏构造和微生物席腐烂构造,以及9个不同形态构造,即小瘤状突起、圆顶大瘤状突起、不规则侧向生长脊、大脊状生长构造、纺锤状脱水裂痕、多边形网状脱水裂痕、曲形脱水裂痕、微生物席砂片、砂火山构造,对9种不同形态的MISS进行了详细的论述。对研究区微生物成因构造(MISS)的成因进行了探讨,与豫西鲁山地区、贺兰山苏峪口地区、北京南口地区、河北兴隆地区发育的MISS及地层特征进行类比,认为MISS对华北地台中元古代地层对比以及古环境研究有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
豫西地区中元古代汝阳群砂岩中普遍发育微生物形成的沉积构造(Microbial Induced Sedimentary Strutures),简称MISS构造,这些MISS构造在过去通常被误认为前寒武纪后生动物遗迹化石。本文对豫西地区中元古代汝阳群MISS构造的形态、结构及显微构造特征进行了详细地分析研究,结果表明该区发育的MISS构造有4种类型:多边形网状裂隙构造、纺锤形裂隙、鸟足形裂隙和典型的正弦曲线型Manchuriophycus构造。豫西地区中元古代汝阳群微生物形成的沉积构造的发现,不仅表明这些砂岩层面上曾经存在微生物席活动,对今后与一些微生物席活动有关的沉积构造的研究有着重要的借鉴意义,为过去被误认为各种遗迹化石的修定提供了证据,而且对恢复前寒武纪沉积古地理具有重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
《地球科学进展》2016,(7)
微生物成因构造(MISS)是微生物活动及其生物地质作用的沉积记录,为人们认识早期地球生物以及微生物活动提供了依据。微生物成因构造在前寒武纪以及显生宙地质危机期海相地层中分布较广,而在陆相地层中则报道较少。在豫西荥阳地区二叠纪—三叠纪之交的陆相地层孙家沟组和刘家沟组中,发现了较为丰富的三大类微生物成因构造(生长构造、破坏构造和腐烂构造),可详分为瘤状突起、变余波痕、隆脊构造、似正弦状脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、树枝状脱水裂痕、多边形脱水裂痕、曲形脱水裂痕、砂火山构造、微生物席砂片和似雨痕构造11个小类。微观分析显示:脊处纵切面显示U型、石英颗粒和黏土矿物条带定向排列、捕捉的云母颗粒不连续和近平行等特征,这些均表明其为微生物成因。研究区发育丰富的微生物成因构造,是二叠纪末灾变事件导致研究区陆地生态系统迅速退化,微生物大量繁殖而形成的,代表着以微生物群落为基础、后生生物少、钙质结核等特殊沉积发育的灾后陆地生态系统。通过对陆相微生物成因构造的研究,有助于人们全面了解二叠纪—三叠纪之交全球灾变事件在陆相环境中的具体表现,为认识微生物席在全球的空间分布提供新资料。 相似文献
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燕山东部天津蓟县至河北兴隆一带中元古界长城群细粒碎屑岩中,普遍发育有在层面上表现为纺锤状裂缝的沉积构造,并曾经被解释为后生动物遗迹化石或地震震荡液化脉等。这种沉积构造常与变余波痕、皱饰构造等相伴产出。根据初步观察与研究的结果推断,纺锤状裂缝可能是由于微生物席对沉积面的封闭作用,导致沉积物在成岩作用早期发生脱气与脱水等作用的产物,因此可以将其归入微生物参与形成的原生沉积构造(席底构造)的范畴。纺锤状裂缝与其他的席底构造一样,为前寒武纪的沉积环境重塑提供了一个重要的证据,同时也说明在前寒武纪的地球表层环境中,微生物以其新陈代谢的多样性及巨大的生物量,在沉积纪录中留下了重要的烙印。 相似文献
8.
微生物席成因构造(microbial induced sedimentary structures, MISS)是由微生物与沉积物相互作用形成的生物沉积构造,表现形式有变余波痕、皱饰构造、微生物席碎片、纺锤状或次圆状收缩裂缝等。首次在华北地台东北部辽宁兴城中元古代初期常州沟组底部粗碎屑岩交错层理面上发现了大量的微生物砂质颗粒,在中元古代底部粗碎屑岩中发现大量微生物砂质碎片。这一发现对于了解华北地台MISS的活跃时代以及恢复中元古代早期粗碎屑岩的形成古环境有重要的科学意义,特别是为华北地台古元古代、中元古代的地层划分与对比提供一定的生物地层学参考。发现的微生物砂质颗粒大小在0.1~0.2 mm,形态以球形为主。这些微生物砂质颗粒形成于静水环境的潮上带或泥坪之中的微生物席底,在剧烈的构造运动以及海侵初期高频的海平面运动中被风暴、海啸等灾难性事件破坏,并随着退潮水流被搬运至发育交错层理的潮道区域,与粗碎屑物质一起沉积。这些被风暴破坏的微生物砂质颗粒在搬运过程中被磨圆并产生一定的分选。 相似文献
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在天津蓟县剖面古元古界串岭沟组下部的环潮坪相粉砂质泥页岩细粒沉积中,发育许多粉砂岩岩墙。由于该粉砂岩岩墙在层面上和层内具有特别的形态,因而对其成因具有多种解释:在层面上呈纺锤状粉砂岩裂缝以及在层内呈砂质充填管形态,从而被认为是最古老的后生动物遗迹化石;在层内呈弯弯曲曲的粉砂岩岩墙以及明显的流体化作用特点,所以又被解释为地震振荡作用形成的液化砂岩脉。显微镜下,这种岩墙具有明显的富残余有机质构成的边界,以及由粉砂颗粒相对聚集所显示出的明显的流体化作用特征;再加上与这种粉砂岩岩墙共生的沉积构造主要是皱饰构造,局部还发育变余波痕,由此表明沉积面上曾经发育过微生物席。因此,这种粉砂岩岩墙应该解释为沉积面在曾经被微生物席封闭的情况下,相对富含有机质的细粒沉积物在早期成岩作用过程中所发生的脱气作用和脱水作用的产物,最终可以归为由微生物形成的沉积构造的一种类型。 相似文献
11.
贺兰山地区中元古代微生物席成因构造 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
贺兰山中段中元古界黄旗口组石英砂岩中发现丰富的微生物席成因构造(MISS),包括由微生物席生长、破坏和腐烂过程形成的3种类型、9种不同形态的构造;与华北大红峪组发现的同类构造在成因类型与多样性方面具有很强的可对比性.砂岩中发育双向交错层理、冲洗层理、高角度单斜层理系和波痕,泥质粉砂岩夹层中发育波痕与泥裂,表明微生物席主要发育于潮间带上部至潮上带下部环境.MISS构造在华北地台长城系下部砂岩中的广泛存在表明在1.6 Ga前以蓝细菌为主的微生物群在环潮坪碎屑环境也很活跃.可能代表了微生物由海洋向陆地环境发展的过渡阶段.具光合作用功能的制氧蓝细菌的蓬勃发展可能是引发中元古代海洋化学条件发生转变、含氧量增高的重要原因,并为真核生物及宏观藻类的兴起创造了条件.研究表明,黄旗口组与华北大红峪组大致同时,反映了Columbia超大陆裂解期华北地台开始拉伸-张裂、缓慢沉降的构造古地理背景. 相似文献
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Intrastratal shrinkage (often termed ‘synaeresis’) cracks are commonly employed as diagnostic environmental indicators for ancient salinity‐stressed, transitional fluvial‐marine or marginal‐marine depositional environments. Despite their abundance and use in facies interpretations, the mechanism of synaeresis crack formation remains controversial, and widely accepted explanations for their formation have hitherto been lacking. Sedimentological, ichnological, petrographic and geochemical study of shallow marine mudstone beds from the Ordovician Beach Formation of Bell Island, Newfoundland, has revealed that crack development (cf. synaeresis cracks) on the upper surface of mudstone beds is correlated with specific organic, geochemical and sedimentological parameters. Contorted, sinuous, sand‐filled cracks are common at contacts between unbioturbated mudstone and overlying sandstone beds. Cracks are absent in highly bioturbated mudstone, and are considered to pre‐date firmground assemblages of trace fossils that include Planolites and Trichophycus. The tops of cracked mudstone beds contain up to 2·1 wt% total organic carbon, relative to underlying mudstone beds that contain around 0·5 wt% total organic carbon. High‐resolution carbon isotope analyses reveal low δ13Corg values (?27·6‰) on bed tops compared with sandy intervals lacking cracks (?24·4 to ?24·9‰). Cracked mudstone facies show evidence for microbial matgrounds, including microbially induced sedimentary structures on bedding planes and carbonaceous laminae and tubular carbonaceous microfossils in thin section. Non‐cracked mudstone lacks evidence for development of microbial mats. Microbial mat development is proposed as an important prerequisite for intrastratal shrinkage crack formation. Both microbial mats and intrastratal shrinkage cracks have broad palaeoenvironmental distributions in the Precambrian and early Phanerozoic. In later Phanerozoic strata, matgrounds are restricted to depositional environments that are inhospitable to burrowing and surface‐grazing macrofauna. Unless evidence of synaeresis (i.e. contraction of clay mineral lattices in response to salinity change) can be independently demonstrated, the general term ‘intrastratal shrinkage crack’ is proposed to describe sinuous and tapering cracks in mudstone beds. 相似文献
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The Tandilia Belt in northeast Argentina includes a Neoproterozoic sequence of sediments (Sierras Bayas Group), in which the Cerro Largo Formation, ca. 750 Ma in age, forms a siliciclastic, shallowing upward succession of subtidal nearshore to tidal flat deposits. Trace fossils Palaeophycus isp. and Didymaulichnus isp. have been described from the upper part of this succession. Specific sedimentary structures consisting of round-crested bulges, arranged in a reticulate pattern, and networks of curved cracks are associated with the trace fossils. These structures are considered to be related to epibenthic microbial mats that once colonized the sediment surface. They reflect stages of mat growth and mat destruction, if compared to analogous structures in modern cyanobacterial mats of peritidal, siliciclastic depositional systems. Also the trace fossils are interpreted as mat-related structures, partly forming components of networks of shrinkage cracks, partly representing the upturned and involute margins of shrinkage cracks or circular openings in desiccating and shrinking, thin microbial mats.
The definition of Didymaulichnus miettensis Young as a Terminal Proterozoic trace fossil is questioned, and it may be considered to interpret the ‘bilobate’ structure as the upturned, opposite margins of microbial shrinkage cracks which have been brought back into contact by compaction after burial. 相似文献
14.
DAVID L. KIDDER 《Sedimentology》1990,37(5):943-951
Shrinkage-crack morphotypes in the Libby Formation (upper Belt Supergroup) are confined to distinct environmental facies. The lower facies is characterized by flat rip-up clasts, stromatolites, oolites, small-scale symmetrical ripples, and fenestral fabric. These rocks were deposited above fair-weather wave base on a periodically exposed mudflat. Shrinkage cracks in this facies are predominantly branching, incompletely connected features in plan view, except for local examples of completely connected polygonal cracks on purple argillite bed tops and rare, long spindle-shaped cracks on bed tops of dark grey argillite. The upper facies was deposited below fair-weather wave base and contains mainly unconnected, short spindle-shaped shrinkage cracks, and rare slightly branching cracks. Restriction of some crack types to certain facies better constrains interpretation of the origin of these shrinkage cracks. The cracks in the upper facies were strongly influenced by sediment loading, and may have formed by compaction-induced expulsion of water from pore space, resulting in synaeresis cracks. In the underlying shallower facies, polygonal cracks formed by desiccation. Elsewhere in this facies, incomplete, partially connected cracks and long spindle-shaped cracks on the same bedding plane are interpreted as having formed by desiccation. Shrinkage cracks are an under-used source of environmental information, but confusion as to their origin sometimes restricts their potential. More intensive analysis of properties of host sediment and crack fills may further our understanding of depositional and diagenetic influence on crack morphology. Crack cross-sections, which are often more commonly exposed than bedding plane cracks, may provide critical additional information on crack genesis. Better understanding of crack genesis will strengthen our ability to interpret unfossiliferous muddy sequences common in Precambrian and lacustrine settings. 相似文献
15.
Molar Tooth Structure: a Contribution from the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation, Tianjin City, North China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Molar-tooth (MT) structure is an enigmatic sedimentary structure consisting of variously-shaped cracks and voids filled with a characteristically uniform, equant calcite microspar. It is globally distributed but temporally restricted to rocks from Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic age. The origin of MT structures has been debated for more than a century and the topic continues to be highly contentious. Some features of MT structure occurring in micritic limestones of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation (ca. 1500 Ma to ca. 1400 Ma), Jixian section, Tianjin City, North China show that: 1) there is a definite interface or lining, rich in organic material and pyrite, between the MT crack-filling calcite microspar and the micritic host rock, which is also rich in organic matter; 2) the micritic host rocks are notable for the absence of stromatolites and microbial laminites; 3) distinctive conglomeratic lag deposits made up of intraclasts of MT microspar result from storm reworking of the MT structures; 4) the MT structure is associated with possible algal megafossils such as Chuaria; 5) the MT microspar is made up of the larger calcite crystal and the MT crack is marked by the diversity of configurations; 6) both the TOC content and the carbon-isotopic value (δ13CPDB) among the host rock, the MT microspar and the possible algae fossil are obviously different. For the forming mechanism of the Gaoyuzhuang MT structure, these features can still indicate that: A) the MT microspar was formed by rapid precipitation and lithification; B) the MT microspar precipitated directly within the cracks; C) the decomposition of organic matter within the host micrite might be the chief mechanism producing gas bubbles; D) microscale gas-sediment interaction led to the generation of the MT cracks and the precipitation of microspar therein; E) the MT cracks might represent the track of migration and expansion of gas bubbles, and that the recrystallization of host micrites cannot be eliminated during forming process of the MT microspar; F) the MT structure is occurred in early diagenetic period; and G) the formation of MT microspars is a complex diagenetic process. Therefore, model of the microbially-induced gas-bubble expansion and migration is the best interpretation for the formation of the MT structure. Effectively, MT structures are a type of sedimentary structure that is formed in the early diagenetic period and is related to microbial activities and organic matter degradation. 相似文献
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External controls on the distribution,fabrics and mineralization of modern microbial mats in a coastal hypersaline lagoon,Cayo Coco (Cuba) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Anthony Bouton Emmanuelle Vennin Aurélie Pace Raphaël Bourillot Christophe Dupraz Christophe Thomazo Arnaud Brayard Guy Désaubliaux Pieter T. Visscher 《Sedimentology》2016,63(4):972-1016
Active, carbonate‐mineralizing microbial mats flourish in a tropical, highly evaporative, marine‐fed lagoonal network to the south of Cayo Coco Island (Cuba). Hypersaline conditions support the development of a complex sedimentary microbial ecosystem with diverse morphologies, a variable intensity of mineralization and a potential for preservation. In this study, the role of intrinsic (i.e. microbial) and extrinsic (i.e. physicochemical) controls on microbial mat development, mineralization and preservation was investigated. The network consists of lagoons, forming in the interdune depressions of a Pleistocene aeolian substratum; they developed due to a progressive increase in sea‐level since the Holocene. The hydrological budget in the Cayo Coco lagoonal network changes from west to east, increasing the salinity. This change progressively excludes grazers and increases the saturation index of carbonate minerals, favouring the development and mineralization of microbial mats in the easternmost lagoons. Detailed mapping of the easternmost lagoon shows four zones with different flooding regimes. The microbial activity in the mats was recorded using light–dark shifts in conjunction with microelectrode O2 and HS? profiles. High rates of O2 production and consumption, in addition to substantial amounts of exopolymeric substances, are indicative of a potentially strong intrinsic control on mineralization. Seasonal, climate‐driven water fluctuations are key for mat development, mineralization, morphology and distribution. Microbial mats show no mineralization in the permanently submersed zone, and moderate mineralization in zones with alternating immersion and exposure. It is suggested that mineralization is also driven by water‐level fluctuations and evaporation. Mineralized mats are laminated and consist of alternating trapping and binding of grains and microbially induced magnesium calcite and dolomite precipitation. The macrofabrics of the mats evolve from early colonizing Flat mats to complex Cerebroid or Terrace structures. The macrofabrics are influenced by the hydrodynamic regime: wind‐driven waves inducing relief terraces in windward areas and flat morphologies on the leeward side of the lagoon. Other external drivers include: (i) storm events that either promote (for example, by bioclasts covering) or prevent (for example, by causing erosion) microbial mat preservation; and (ii) subsurface degassing, through mangrove roots and desiccation cracks covered by Flat mats (i.e. forming Hemispheroids and Cerebroidal structures). These findings provide in‐depth insights into understanding fossil microbialite morphologies that formed in lagoonal settings. 相似文献