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Around galleries excavated at depth in geological media, the creation of a damaged zone with significant irreversible deformation is generally unavoidable. In the case of a geological disposal system for high-level radioactive waste, the resulting change in the host rock properties in this damaged zone may potentially be important with respect to the long-term evolution and the performance of that system. In this context, predicting the extent of the so-called Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) and, possibly, the fractures’ network topology remains a challenge. This study is aimed to simulate numerically the extension of this zone at the large scale’s excavation, around the Connecting gallery (HADES URL, Mol, Belgium), in Boom clay host rock through analyzing the evolution of strain localization in shear bands mode. To realistically model the involved phenomena, the concrete lining is considered on the gallery wall highlighting its impacts on the evolution of convergence and EDZ around the gallery. The focus of the current paper is made on analyzing the coupled hydro-mechanical behavior of Boom clay host rock during and after the gallery excavation with respect to the evolution of localized shear bands around the gallery. This study is accompanied by the analysis of the contact mechanism on the interface between the clay massive and the lining. The obtained results reveal some interesting features regarding the contact phenomenon relatively to the evolution pattern of shear bands within the clay around the gallery. To assess the reliability of the proposed approach, a discussion on some in-situ observations during the gallery’s construction is also performed based on which a good agreement is found between the in-situ evidence and simulated results. 相似文献
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The study of the creation and evolution of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) in argillaceous rocks is a major issue for
the safety of nuclear wastes underground repositories. In this context, the argillaceous Tournemire site has provided a unique
opportunity to study the evolution of the EDZ with time thanks to the existence of three openings of different ages. A thorough
characterization of the EDZ has been conducted by different means such as visual observation, analysis of samples extracted
from drilled boreholes, EDZ permeability measurements, etc. On the basis of these measurements, a conceptual model of the
EDZ initiation and propagation at the Tournemire site has been proposed. In order to validate this model, numerical simulations
of increasing complexity have been carried out. In a first attempt, the response of the rock mass to the excavation phase,
followed by seasonal cyclic variations of temperature and relative humidity inside the opening, has been simulated by means
of a purely mechanical analysis, using a simple elastic material model. The EDZ has been estimated by post-processing the
calculated stress states, using a Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The results obtained show that no EDZ could be predicted
unless adopting a low cohesion value for the rock mass. Moreover, the deferred nature of the EDZ formation in Tournemire could
not be reproduced. These limitations have then been suppressed by using a coupled viscoplastic-damaging mechanical model,
the parameters of which have been identified from different laboratory experiments. With this model, a time evolution of the
EDZ could be predicted, but the EDZ pattern could not match the one observed in situ. Finally, in view of the importance of
the hydraulic couplings, unsaturated hydro-mechanical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effect of the
numerous seasonal variations cycles and the resulting shrinkage. 相似文献
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J.-F. Thovert V.V. Mourzenko P.M. Adler C. Nussbaum P. Pinettes 《Engineering Geology》2011,117(1-2):39-51
This paper deals with the reconstruction of a fracture network observed in an underground gallery of a tunnel buried in clay stones in Switzerland, below Mont Terri. The trace maps of the Gallery 04 and of the EZ-G niche of this site have first been digitized and used in various ways to characterize the data. The traces have been divided into two groups, i.e., the pre-existing faults in the gallery and the fractures of the excavated damaged zone (EDZ) in the niche. Each group has been analyzed individually. The number of data for the faults has turned out to be statistically significant, while it was very limited for the EDZ fractures. For both cases, the major statistical characteristics of the traces have been extracted and a reconstruction procedure developed and tested. A full example has been worked out; a gallery immersed in a reconstructed fractured porous medium has been meshed, and the electrical field created by a dipole at the wall calculated by solving the three dimensional Laplace equations in the fractures and in the porous medium. 相似文献
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In the context of nuclear waste disposal in clay formations, laboratory experiments were performed to study at reduced scale the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) induced by the construction of galleries in the Boom clay formation. For this purpose, thick-walled hollow cylindrical samples were subjected (after recovery of in situ stress conditions) to a decrease in the inner confining pressure aiming at mimicking a gallery excavation. X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) scans of the specimens were carried out through the testing cell before and after the mechanical unloading and allowed to quantify the displacements undergone by the clay as a result of the mechanical unloading. The deformation of the hollow cylinders and the inferred extent of the damaged zone around the central hole are found to depend on the orientation of the specimen with respect to the bedding planes and show a great similarity with in situ observations around galleries and boreholes at Mol URL in the Boom clay formation. In the experiments performed on samples cored parallel to the bedding, the damaged zone is not symmetrical with respect to the hole axis and extends more in the direction parallel to the bedding. It is the same for the radial convergence of the hole walls which is larger in the direction parallel to bedding than in the perpendicular one. In contrast, a test on a sample cored perpendicularly to the bedding did not show any ovalisation of the central hole after the mechanical unloading. These observations confirm the significance of the pre-existing planes of weakness (bedding planes) in Boom clay and the need for a correct consideration of the related mechanical anisotropy. 相似文献
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Coupled THM processes in EDZ of crystalline rocks using an elasto-plastic cellular automaton 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Peng-Zhi Pan Xia-Ting Feng Xiao-Hua Huang Qiang Cui Hui Zhou 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1299-1311
This paper aims at a numerical study of coupled thermal, hydrological and mechanical processes in the excavation disturbed
zones (EDZ) around nuclear waste emplacement drifts in fractured crystalline rocks. The study was conducted for two model
domains close to an emplacement tunnel; (1) a near-field domain and (2) a smaller wall-block domain. Goodman element and weak
element were used to represent the fractures in the rock mass and the rock matrix was represented as elasto-visco-plastic
material. Mohr–Coulomb criterion and a non-associated plastic flow rule were adopted to consider the viscoplastic deformation
in the EDZ. A relation between volumetric strain and permeability was established. Using a self-developed EPCA2D code, the elastic, elasto-plastic and creep analyses to study the evolution of stress and deformations, as well as failure
and permeability evolution in the EDZ were conducted. Results indicate a strong impact of fractures, plastic deformation and
time effects on the behavior of EDZ especially the evolution of permeability around the drift. 相似文献
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Geometry and Properties of the Excavation-Induced Fractures at the Meuse/Haute-Marne URL Drifts 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
G. Armand F. Leveau C. Nussbaum R. de La Vaissiere A. Noiret D. Jaeggi P. Landrein C. Righini 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):21-41
The performance and safety assessment and technology demonstration are the main objectives of research programs for feasibility studies for deep geological repository of radioactive waste. In this context, the French national radioactive waste management agency (ANDRA) started to develop the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory (URL) at Bure, nearly 300 km East of Paris. The host formation consists of a Callovo-Oxfordian claystone found between 420 and 550 m below ground, overlain and underlain by poorly permeable carbonate formations. One of the major concerns related to performance assessment is the excavation-induced fractures which may provide groundwater preferential pathway for radionuclide migration. The extent of the fractures possibly acting significantly in the radionuclide migration is known as the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). A scientific study on the EDZ characterization is performed at the main level of the URL (?490 m). Observations such as structural analysis on core, overcored resin-filled samples, geological survey of the drift face and sidewalls, were made to better understand the fracture network characteristics, extent and its generation. Pulse and constant head test hydraulic conductivity measurements were performed with multi packer system to estimate the extension of the EDZ hydraulic conductivity. Fractures exhibited high transmissivity near the excavation walls, but farther from the exaction walls, shear fractures showed hydraulic conductivity values reflecting values of undisturbed or slightly disturbed rock mass condition. The major findings in terms of geometry and properties of excavation-induced fractures are discussed in detail in this paper. For example, it is observed that the shape of the fracture network depends on the orientation of the drift in relation to the orientation of the in situ stress field. 相似文献
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洞室开挖不可避免地会损伤岩体, 对于规模巨大、布置异常复杂的水电地下厂房围岩尤甚, 合理地确定开控损伤区(EDZ)分布成为地下洞室的信息化设计、施工和安全运营的关键性问题.在引入EDZ概念及强EDZ、弱EDZ和基本未损区分区的基础上, 提出采用声波测试方法来确定强EDZ和弱EDZ的分布.将声波波速-深度曲线划分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型等3种曲线类型, 根据曲线特征点, 对EDZ进行定性、半定量的初判.根据波速计算得出的损伤因子D, 对强、弱EDZ和基本未损区进行定量的判别.首次提出的基于声波测试法, 定性、半定量和定量相结合的综合研判法具有创新性, 为客观评价地下洞室EDZ提供了科学的方法. 相似文献
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The Mont Terri rock laboratory, a new international research project in a Mesozoic shale formation, in Switzerland 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In many countries, argillaceous formations are being considered as potential host rocks for repositories of radioactive waste. Therefore, in 1995 several organisations decided to start an international research project in the reconnaissance gallery of the Mont Terri motorway tunnel, in north-western Switzerland, in a Mesozoic shale formation, the Opalinus Clay (Aalenian).
This project is under the patronage of the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey. The following organisations are also partners in the project: ANDRA and IPSN (France), BGR (Germany), ENRESA (Spain), Nagra (Switzerland), JNC and Obayashi (Japan), SCKCEN (Belgium).
The aims of the project are to analyse the hydrogeological, geochemical and rock mechanical properties of an argillaceous formation, the changes of these properties induced by the excavation of galleries and to evaluate and improve appropriate investigation techniques. In January, 1996, eight niches were excavated for the project and 15 experiments were started in boreholes of no more than 30 m in length. In the winter of 1997–1998 a new research gallery was excavated to host further experiments. Different excavation, drilling and investigation techniques have been tested and improved. Significant results of the different experiments are already available. Some of those dealing with hydrochemistry, porewater pressure measurements and the evolution of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) are reported in this paper. 相似文献
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Laboratory and In Situ Simulation Tests of the Excavation Damaged Zone Around Galleries in Opalinus Clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the context of nuclear waste disposal in clay formations, laboratory and in situ simulation experiments were performed to study at reduced scale the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around tunnels in the indurated Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri, Switzerland. In the laboratory, thick-walled hollow cylindrical specimens were subjected to a mechanical unloading mimicking a gallery excavation. In samples cored parallel to bedding, cracks sub-parallel to the bedding planes open and lead to a buckling failure in two regions that extend from the borehole in the direction normal to bedding. The behaviour is clearly anisotropic. On the other hand, in experiments performed on specimens cored perpendicular to bedding, there is no indication of failure around the hole and the response of the hollow cylinder sample is mainly isotropic. The in situ experiment at Mont Terri which consisted in the overcoring of a resin-injected borehole that follows the bedding strike of the Opalinus Clay showed a striking similarity between the induced damaged zone and the fracture pattern observed in the hollow cylinder tests on samples cored parallel to bedding and such a bedding controlled “Excavation” Damaged Zone is as well consistent with the distinct fracture patterns observed at Mont Terri depending on the orientation of holes/galleries with respect to the bedding planes. Interestingly, the damaged zone observed in the hollow cylinder tests on samples cored parallel to bedding and in situ around URL galleries is found to develop in reverse directions in Boom Clay (Mol) and in Opalinus Clay (Mont Terri). This most probably results from different failure mechanisms, i.e. shear failure along conjugated planes in the plastic Boom Clay, but bedding plane splitting and buckling in the indurated Opalinus Clay. 相似文献
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A method for assessment of excavation damaged zone (EDZ) of a rock mass and its application to a dam foundation case 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Excavation of slope is an unloading process, and also an energy releasing process when the stress in the rock mass is unloaded, leading to the rebounding deformation towards the free face. And then a zone, namely excavation damaged zone (EDZ), will be formed near the excavation boundary, where the rock is damaged or disturbed and its physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties are greatly changed. This paper is to put forward a new method to quantify the extent and damage degree of the EDZ according to the unloading strain energy which is released in the process of excavation. A simple relationship between unloading strain ε and accumulative opening displacement T of cracks, , is proposed to describe the damage degree of rock mass in the EDZ, where h is the depth variable in normal direction of the open cracks.This method is used to assess the EDZ of the dam foundation at Xiaowan hydropower station in southwestern China by the accumulative opening displacement curves of cracks along boreholes based on boreholes camera photos. We find that the EDZ can be naturally divided into two sub-zones, i.e. the excavation heavily disturbed sub-zone (EHDZ) and excavation slightly disturbed sub-zone (ESDZ), according to the variation of unloading strain ε. Two inflexions of the accumulative opening displacement curve indicate the lower limits of EHDZ and ESDZ respectively. 相似文献
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In Korea, a reference disposal system, KRS, was proposed in 2006 after 10 years of research and development. In the KRS, the high-level radioactive waste repository is considered to be located in a crystalline rock likes granite. For a validation of the feasibility, safety, and stability of the KRS, an underground research tunnel, KURT was constructed in Nov. 2006. During the construction of KURT by a controlled blasting, the size and characteristics of an excavation damaged zone(EDZ) were investigated by in situ as well as laboratory tests. The possible influences of an EDZ around a tunnel on the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of the near field were investigated by using hydro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical coupling analyses. From this study, it was found that the existence of an EDZ can influence the thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical behaviors of the near field and it was recommended that an EDZ should be considered as an important parameter during the design of underground repositories. 相似文献
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Characterising and modelling the excavation damaged zone in crystalline rock in the context of radioactive waste disposal 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
John A. Hudson A. Bäckström J. Rutqvist L. Jing T. Backers M. Chijimatsu R. Christiansson X.-T. Feng A. Kobayashi T. Koyama H.-S. Lee I. Neretnieks P.-Z. Pan M. Rinne B.-T. Shen 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1275-1297
This paper describes current knowledge about the nature of and potential for thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical modelling of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around the excavations for an underground radioactive waste repository. In the first part of the paper, the disturbances associated with excavation are explained, together with reviews of Workshops that have been held on the subject. In the second part of the paper, the results of a DECOVALEX [DEmonstration of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiment: research funded by an international consortium of radioactive waste regulators and implementers (http://www.decovalex.com)] research programme on modelling the EDZ are presented. Four research teams used four different models to simulate the complete stress–strain curve for Avro granite from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. Subsequent research extended the work to computer simulation of the evolution of the repository using a ‘wall-block model’ and a ‘near-field model’. This included assessing the evolution of stress, failure and permeability and time-dependent effects during repository evolution. As discussed, all the computer models are well suited to sensitivity studies for evaluating the influence of their respective supporting parameters on the complete stress–strain curve for rock and for modelling the EDZ. 相似文献
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Bertrand François Vincent Labiouse Arnaud Dizier Ferdinando Marinelli Robert Charlier Frédéric Collin 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):71-86
Boom Clay is extensively studied as a potential candidate to host underground nuclear waste disposal in Belgium. To guarantee the safety of such a disposal, the mechanical behaviour of the clay during gallery excavation must be properly predicted. In that purpose, a hollow cylinder experiment on Boom Clay has been designed to reproduce, in a small-scale test, the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) as experienced during the excavation of a disposal gallery in the underground. In this article, the focus is made on the hydro-mechanical constitutive interpretation of the displacement (experimentally obtained by medium resolution X-ray tomography scanning). The coupled hydro-mechanical response of Boom Clay in this experiment is addressed through finite element computations with a constitutive model including strain hardening/softening, elastic and plastic cross-anisotropy and a regularization method for the modelling of strain localization processes. The obtained results evidence the directional dependency of the mechanical response of the clay. The softening behaviour induces transient strain localization processes, addressed through a hydro-mechanical second grade model. The shape of the obtained damaged zone is clearly affected by the anisotropy of the materials, evidencing an eye-shaped EDZ. The modelling results agree with experiments not only qualitatively (in terms of the shape of the induced damaged zone), but also quantitatively (for the obtained displacement in three particular radial directions). 相似文献
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刘俊来 《大地构造与成矿学》1993,17(2):135-145
在辽吉岩套发育区识别出韧性剪切带内以围岩为角砾、铅锌硫化物为胶结物的角砾状矿化类型。矿体宏观形态简单而微细特点复杂,分别说明成矿裂隙兼具有压扭及张性特点。综合分析表明,成矿流体是高盐度卤水,重要意义在于它对铅锌成矿物质具高溶解度,携有足够量的成矿物质,它使先成矿体(化)中的铅、锌物质被淬取、活化和迁移。同时,对含矿裂隙的形成与发展有着促进意义。 角砾状矿体的出现与韧性剪切带晚期变形阶段岩石由韧性向脆性的转化有密切关系,在此过程中沿着Riedal裂隙系统的D裂隙系有铅锌成矿物质充填就位。Secor模式对角砾状矿体成矿空间的力学属性给出了很好的解释。液压扩容破裂作用是这种成矿空间产生与扩展的主要机制。 相似文献
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天然裂缝对页岩气储集和渗流有重要影响,但目前对页岩构造裂缝研究不够深入。本文通过露头、岩心裂缝观察和分析,探讨了渝东南下古生界页岩构造裂缝类型、形成机理及分布控制因素。基于裂缝特征及力学成因,将剪切裂缝分为高角度剪切裂缝、倾斜滑脱裂缝和水平滑脱裂缝。倾斜滑脱裂缝是在上覆岩层重力和水平构造应力共同作用下沿应力集中的软弱面发生剪切滑动形成,水平滑脱裂缝是在构造挤压应力作用条件下主要沿页理面方向的剪切或层间滑动形成;页理发育程度及岩层曲率是控制水平滑脱裂缝形成的关键因素,岩石矿物组成、构造作用及岩层厚度是控制其它类型构造裂缝形成和分布的主要因素,页岩岩石力学层的划分需要根据裂缝特征、岩性变化特征、岩石力学参数及沉积界面等综合确定,岩层厚度与层间构造裂缝密度呈负相关关系。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地新生代发育跨越浅水区至深水区、多类型的拆离断陷,其中浅水陆架区拆离断陷是探究拆离构造变形与沉积充填响应的重要窗口.基于地震资料和钻井资料详细解析,对恩平凹陷低角度拆离断层特征进行了研究,探讨了拆离构造变形的控制因素、变形过程和沉积充填响应机制.研究表明,恩平凹陷低角度边界正断层为壳间拆离断层,长度约50 km,倾角平均17.5°,断面最深达中下地壳,裂陷期经历了中低角度到低角度的转变.拆离断层形成于中生代先存逆冲断层基础之上,与中下地壳韧性剪切穹隆和边界调节性走滑断裂相伴生,联合控制形成均衡深拆离、前展式宽拆离和迁移型复式拆离3种凹陷结构类型.垂向上可划分出三期裂陷幕,因差异构造变形而具有不同的沉积充填响应:（1）早文昌期均一裂陷幕,快速的裂陷沉降发育于先存逆冲断层弱面,形成具厚层中深湖的均一窄深箕状半地堑;（2）晚文昌期拆离伸展幕,凹陷受差异构造变形而发育成东、西沉积充填差异化的宽浅断陷,西部韧性剪切穹隆弱隆升与边界走滑断层强走滑控制了恩平17洼自迁移型中深湖和大型辫状河三角洲-重力流沉积,而东部韧性剪切穹隆强隆升控制了恩平12-18洼沉积中心跳跃式异迁移的沉积充填,过渡带发育大型走向斜坡扇三角洲;（3）恩平期拆离-断拗联控幕,构造变形由简单剪切向纯剪切转变,沉积向外流水系主导的浅水辫状河三角洲-浅湖相充填转变.低角度拆离断陷具有与高角度脆性断陷不同的构造变形和沉积充填响应,烃源岩与砂岩储层的时空分布非均质性强.研究成果对恩平凹陷的烃源岩和深部储层预测,以及南海北部陆缘同类拆离断陷的构造-沉积充填研究具有良好的指导意义. 相似文献
20.
岩体中弱结构面的产状要素和力学参数是影响深部巷道围岩变形和破坏的重要因素。通过对金川矿区地下开采过程中发生的与弱结构面效应有关的巷道变形特征、破坏模式与机理分析得出,在断层附近或穿过断层开挖时,往往会引起断层活化,引发巷道变形和破坏。当在节理岩体中开挖时会使围岩中低强度的节理裂隙等弱结构面正应力减小,抗剪强度降低,从而发生相对滑移、变形。此外,与巷道开挖相比,矿体开采的影响不仅在持续时间上,还是在影响以及程度上都是造成巷道变形和破坏的弱结构面效应更加显著的主要原因。 相似文献