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层状岩质边坡破坏模式及稳定性的数值分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用FLAC3D模拟层状岩质边坡的破坏模式,并采用强度折减法分析结构面倾角与稳定性之间的关系。结果表明:①水平层状边坡坡顶变形破坏早于坡面和坡脚,形成拉破坏区。当结构面倾角较小时,顺倾向层状边坡主要发生滑移破坏;当结构面倾角较大时,发生弯折-溃曲破坏。直立层状边坡主要发生弯曲-板间拉裂-塌落破坏。逆倾向层状边坡的破坏形式为对于小倾角为滑移破坏,对于陡倾角为倾倒破坏。②对于顺倾向边坡,整体安全系数随结构面倾角先减小后增大,呈现两头高、中间低的形态,在倾角为30°时安全系数最小;对于逆倾向边坡,曲线呈现增大-减小-增大的态势,并且大部分高于顺倾向边坡曲线,符合实际情况。③所采用的低强度弹塑性单元能够比较真实地模拟软弱结构面的变形。 相似文献
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岩桥的破裂贯通是一种非连续变形现象。强度折减技术虽然是渐进破坏过程模拟的主流技术,但其不具备描述非连续变形现象的能力。提出连通率折减法和刚度折减法来模拟含非贯通结构面岩块的渐进破坏过程,并建立考虑渐进破坏过程的块体稳定分析方法。首先,引入Goodman单元来描述共面非贯通结构面的岩桥部分和裂隙面部分,建立静力平衡方程来求解滑裂面内岩桥单元和裂隙面单元的应力。其次,岩桥单元采用Griffith准则来判别破坏,利用连通率折减法来描述其破裂;裂隙面单元采用MC准则来判别破坏,用刚度折减法来描述其屈服;通过循环迭代,模拟岩桥单元的破裂过程和裂隙面单元的应力调整过程,实现整个滑裂面的渐进破坏过程模拟。然后,定义考虑渐进破坏过程的滑裂面极限状态;通过自重超载方式将滑裂面推送至极限状态;基于极限状态设计的理论框架,计算度量块体稳定性的安全系数指标。工程实例分析结果表明,渐进破坏过程模拟结果与现场调查结果是一致的。渐进破坏过程的模拟实现,有助于岩质边坡变形破坏机制分析从定性分析阶段扩展至定量分析阶段。 相似文献
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含顺层断续节理岩质边坡地震作用下的破坏模式与动力响应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于二维颗粒流软件PFC2D的人工合成岩体技术（SRM）,研究了岩桥倾角和节理间距不同组合形式的含顺层断续节理岩质边坡在地震作用下的破坏模式与动力响应规律。研究结果显示：在地震动力作用下,含单潜在滑动面的顺层断续节理岩质边坡呈现出滑移-倾倒的混合破坏特征,含多潜在滑动面的顺层断续节理岩质边坡则主要发生倾倒破坏;由顺层断续节理以及岩桥交替连接所组成的潜在滑动面是控制边坡动力稳定性的关键因素。在地震动力作用下,最靠近坡脚的岩桥段首先萌生翼裂纹,使得拉应力得到释放,随后各节理相继萌生裂纹并扩展、贯通,最终导致坡体发生阶梯状整体失稳。裂纹扩展受顺层断续节理控制,萌生裂纹中以张拉裂纹为主,且裂纹数量与输入地震波的加速度曲线具有同步性。另一方面,节理面的存在对边坡动力响应产生明显影响,沿坡表以及沿水平方向上的峰值速度、峰值位移随着岩桥倾角的增大、节理间距的减小而增大,同时节理间距和岩桥倾角对于峰值加速度（PGA）放大系数的影响范围主要集中在坡表、坡肩;沿竖直方向上,峰值位移随着岩桥倾角、节理间距的增大而减小,PGA放大系数曲线随高程变化总体呈现U型分布特征。 相似文献
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多层软弱夹层边坡岩体破坏机制与稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大量的实际工程为基础,基于Sarma极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法探讨层状岩质边坡在不同岩层倾角θ、边坡坡角β、结构面间距h条件下的安全系数与破坏面位置的变化规律,揭示复杂多层软弱夹层边坡岩体的破坏机制及稳定性特征。结果表明：不同θ条件下边坡岩体失稳机制和破坏面位置不同,随着θ的增大,破坏机制表现为滑移破坏→滑劈破坏→崩塌破坏→倾倒破坏→滑移破坏;当β、h一定时,直立层状边坡的稳定性略大于水平层状边坡,反倾向边坡的稳定性明显大于顺层边坡;β直接影响边坡岩体破坏特征,当β由30°增大至60°时,顺层边坡的安全系数约降低53%;反倾向层状边坡的安全系数约降低40%;h对边坡岩体破坏机制的影响较小,但对稳定性的影响较大,建议工程实践中加强密集结构面岩质边坡的监测和加固工作。 相似文献
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基于遍布节理模型的边坡稳定性强度折减法分析 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
采用非线性数值分析方法分析边坡稳定性问题时,强度折减法因其具有较多的优点而得到广泛应用。岩土体一般采用理想弹塑性模型,屈服准则为广义米赛斯准则。对于密集节理岩质边坡稳定性问题,采用遍布节理模型可同时考虑岩块和节理属性,更符合岩体状态及工程实际,认为岩体经强度折减后潜在破坏可能首先出现在岩体中或沿节理面或二者同时破坏。结合工程实例,基于遍布节理模型的强度折减法计算结果表明,潜在滑移面为折线型滑面,下部潜在滑移面倾角与节理面等效内摩擦角基本一致,上部潜在滑移面与岩体拉破坏相关;节理倾角与边坡安全系数、潜在滑动范围密切相关,陡倾角节理对边坡稳定性影响较小。通过对边坡失稳判据和边坡滑移面确定的探讨,认为以力或位移不收敛作为边坡失稳判据是适当的,而边坡的剪应变速率物理意义十分明确,适于作为边坡潜在滑移面的确定依据。 相似文献
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块体理论是一种比较常用的岩土工程稳定性分析方法,但缺乏对非贯通结构面的研究,导致搜索出的关键块体不够精准和全面。如何处理非贯通结构面,判断其是否应该连通成为块体理论研究至关重要的一个问题。采用数值模拟的方法计算含两共面结构面岩体试样在不同岩桥倾角、结构面摩擦系数、围压和连通率情况下的贯通强度与峰值强度。引入贯通系数变量,定量描述贯通强度与峰值强度之间的关系。将贯通强度作为判断岩桥贯通与否的一个衡量指标,建立起贯通强度与岩桥倾角、结构面摩擦系数、围压和连通率之间的函数,即含两条共面结构面岩体的岩桥贯通准则。该准则可准确判断含两条共面结构面岩体的岩桥是否应该连通。基于岩桥贯通准则的块体理论能够准确搜索出因岩桥贯通而滑移的关键块体。 相似文献
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在边坡稳定性评价中,不同形态、连通率及排列方式的岩桥起决定性作用。本文通过开展室内直剪实验并结合声发射特征参数的研究,揭示了不同连通率岩桥和不同法向应力状态下断续节理岩体的破坏规律。结果表明:在直剪条件下,随法向应力及连通率的变化,岩体破坏面呈现“一”、“X”、“锯齿”、“Z”以及复合型破坏,破坏面起伏度较小,且贯通破坏无时间先后性。法向压力一定时,随着断续岩桥连通率的提高,声发射事件累计计数峰值呈线性增长,计数峰值不断趋于增长。在岩桥连通率一定的情况下,随法向应力的增大,声发射事件计数峰值与累计计数在中等法向应力下最大。对断续节理岩桥变形破坏特征的研究,有利于分析节理岩体的力学特性,有助于边坡工程的稳定性评价与预测。 相似文献
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白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡受缓倾角软弱面及NW向断层影响,施工、运行期的边坡稳定性问题尤为重要。为研究左岸边坡在开挖卸荷过程中应力场、位移场分布规律,揭示岩体内部破坏失稳机制,利用RFPA3D（realistic failure process analysis）软件以拱轴线剖面为例建立准三维数值模型,再现坝基边坡岩体裂隙萌生、发育、扩展直至贯通的渐进损伤破坏过程。结合左岸边坡开挖卸荷及应力调整过程中的微震活动演化特征,圈定工程边坡潜在危险区域,探讨可能的失稳破坏模式。分析表明：基于离心加载法计算得到工程边坡开挖后安全系数为1.33;边坡表层区域受缓倾角错动带控制,变形破坏最为明显,以小范围楔形体滑移为主。该研究结果可为白鹤滩水电站坝基边坡后期施工提供依据,对于类似岩质边坡工程施工具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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坡体内不同部位结构面间岩桥断裂扩展导致了反倾层状岩坡的破坏。为研究坡体内非贯通性裂缝断裂扩展对坡体演化的控制作用,以苗尾水电站右坝肩倾倒变形体为地质原型,开展含多组非贯通性裂缝的反倾层状岩质边坡离心模型试验,分析反倾层状岩质边坡内非贯通性裂缝变形特性。结果表明:（1）坡体内含非贯通性裂缝的岩层断裂最终呈现为裂缝间岩桥贯通、缓倾裂缝与上岩层贯通、陡倾裂缝与下岩层贯通、陡倾裂缝与缓倾裂缝端口处贯通及非裂缝处岩层发生断裂等5类裂缝断裂模式,并以裂缝间岩桥贯通为主要断裂模式;（2）基于断裂力学并结合裂缝断裂叠加原理,主折断面处岩层的不稳定系数在坡高1/3处最小,并向坡脚和坡顶两侧逐渐变大,而应力强度因子由坡高1/3处向坡脚和坡顶处逐渐变小;（3）裂缝的断裂扩展控制着坡体演化,并受裂纹率及裂缝周围的尖端应力场影响较大。在坡体演化初期,以坡体后缘压缩沉降和局部岩层裂缝压剪破坏为主,岩层倾角发生较大变化,呈现由坡体上部往下逐级变大的趋势;演化中期,坡体后缘裂缝扩展形成主折断面,坡体中上部岩层角度变化较大,裂缝断裂数目的继续增加;演化末期,裂缝断裂数目保持平稳,主要以断裂岩层的位置重分布为主要变形特征,次级折断面形成,破碎岩层之间进一步被压缩,坡体进一步发生失稳破坏。 相似文献
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在节理岩质边坡的稳定性分析中,往往很少考虑结构面的随机分布特征。结构面网络模拟能较好地模拟结构面的随机分布,因此,本文将结构面网络模拟应用于节理岩质边坡的稳定性分析中。首先,运用岩体结构面网络模拟技术,建立岩质边坡的结构面网络模型。然后,将模拟的结果与有限元强度折减法相结合求取边坡的安全系数。最后,对边坡进行一定次数的结构面网络模拟并得到对应的安全系数,进而进行节理岩质边坡的可靠性分析。工程实例结果表明:(1)节理岩质边坡的稳定性主要受坡面附近结构面的数量及切割组合关系影响,结构面的数量越多,连通情况越好,则边坡稳定性安全系数越小; (2)该边坡的平均稳定性安全系数为3.06,失效概率为5%,表明该边坡有较高的可靠性,这与实际情况比较一致。本文的分析方法主要考虑了结构面的随机分布特征,能为节理岩质边坡的稳定性分析提供一条新的思路和方法。 相似文献
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用数值方法对岩质高边坡进行稳定性分析时,描述岩体结构对的精细程度会影响分析结果,但常见的有限单元法程序仍难以对复杂节理岩体进行精细建模。为解决这一问题,将结构面网络模拟与离散单元法相结合,在UDEC软件中,利用FISH语言编写网络模拟程序,依据结构面统计资料和结构面分级,实现对复杂岩体结构的精细描述。以某大型水电工程边坡为例,在对岩体结构进行精细描述的基础上,采用离散元强度折减法对边坡进行稳定性分析。通过与极限平衡法和一般离散元结果的对比,表明基于复杂岩体结构精细描述确定的边坡潜在滑动面和安全系数是合理的,为复杂岩质边坡破坏模式和稳定性的分析提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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拟建的川藏铁路某特大桥是一座重要的控制性桥梁,其桥址区的地质安全风险评价具有重要的工程意义。该特大桥成都侧岸坡三面临空,海拔高差大,岩性复杂多变,岩体结构和完整性差,风化卸荷强烈,浅表部危岩体发育,调查表明成都岸八曲侧斜坡曾发生较大规模顺层岩质崩滑。采用遥感解译、剖面测量及稳定性计算等技术方法,调查成都侧岸坡地形地貌、地层岩性、结构面发育及变形破坏等特征,分析评价特大桥成都岸八曲侧顺层岩质斜坡稳定性。结果表明:天然和暴雨工况下,斜坡稳定系数大于1.1;强震（PGA>0.3 g）工况下,斜坡稳定系数小于1.0,可能出现局部或整体失稳破坏。建议在清除斜坡表部危岩体的基础上,进一步深入研究八曲侧顺层岩质斜坡未来可能出现的变形破坏范围和程度,提出针对性工程防治措施建议。 相似文献
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Evaluating Kinematic Controls on Planar Translational Slope Failure Mechanisms Using Three-Dimensional Distinct Element Modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper investigates the importance of kinematic release mechanisms on planar translational slope failure using three-dimensional distinct element codes. The importance of the dip and dip direction of the rear, basal and lateral release surfaces and their influence on failure mechanism, dilation, and the development of step-path failures is illustrated. The three-dimensional block shape and volume of the unstable rock masses simulated with the different discontinuity set geometries are characterized. Two assumed three-dimensional slope models are investigated in order to assess the importance of varying kinematic confinement/release mechanisms. These two assumed boundary conditions are shown to be critical in the development of asymmetrical rock mass deformation patterns. Scale effects due to the block size and discontinuity persistence are shown to control the calculated displacement and failure mechanisms. The numerical modelling results are also demonstrated to be sensitive to the assumed normal and shear stiffness of the discontinuities. The influence of the factors investigated on the failure of a single rock block versus a rock mass are compared and discussed. 相似文献
15.
Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Marc-André Brideau Matthieu Sturzenegger Doug Stead Michel Jaboyedoff Martin Lawrence Nicholas J. Roberts Brent C. Ward Thomas H. Millard John J. Clague 《Landslides》2012,9(1):75-91
On December 4th 2007, a 3-Mm3 landslide occurred along the northwestern shore of Chehalis Lake. The initiation zone is located at the intersection of the
main valley slope and the northern sidewall of a prominent gully. The slope failure caused a displacement wave that ran up
to 38 m on the opposite shore of the lake. The landslide is temporally associated with a rain-on-snow meteorological event
which is thought to have triggered it. This paper describes the Chehalis Lake landslide and presents a comparison of discontinuity
orientation datasets obtained using three techniques: field measurements, terrestrial photogrammetric 3D models and an airborne
LiDAR digital elevation model to describe the orientation and characteristics of the five discontinuity sets present. The
discontinuity orientation data are used to perform kinematic, surface wedge limit equilibrium and three-dimensional distinct
element analyses. The kinematic and surface wedge analyses suggest that the location of the slope failure (intersection of
the valley slope and a gully wall) has facilitated the development of the unstable rock mass which initiated as a planar sliding
failure. Results from the three-dimensional distinct element analyses suggest that the presence, orientation and high persistence
of a discontinuity set dipping obliquely to the slope were critical to the development of the landslide and led to a failure
mechanism dominated by planar sliding. The three-dimensional distinct element modelling also suggests that the presence of
a steeply dipping discontinuity set striking perpendicular to the slope and associated with a fault exerted a significant
control on the volume and extent of the failed rock mass but not on the overall stability of the slope. 相似文献
16.
Murat Yilmaz Altay Ertin Selman Er Atiye Tugrul 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(2):232-238
The key question regarding steep rock slopes along rock quarries is their stability because a rock slope failure can have critical results. In this study, the aim is to investigate the areas with potential risk for jointed karstic limestones in a rock quarry. First, to determine rock mass properties, scan-line surveys were performed, and the major orientations of discontinuities were analyzed using stereographic projection. Then, the physicomechanical properties of the slope-forming rock were determined in the laboratory, and geomechanical properties of the rock mass were determined using an empirical failure criterion. Finally, the quarry slope stability was assessed in accordance with numerical modelling. According to the results obtained, the numerical modelling of steep rock slopes can be efficiently evaluated by using finite element method. Beside this, the presence of joints intersecting the main discontinuity sets, the filling materials of discontinuities resulting from weathering of limestone and surface deposits, surcharge load due to mine waste dumped on the slopes and excavation blasting during construction of quarry area play a key role when modelling the steep rock slopes by using finite element method. 相似文献
17.
A GIS-implemented, deterministic approach for the automated spatial evaluation of geometrical and kinematical properties of
rock slope terrains is presented. Based on spatially distributed directional information on planar geological fabrics and
DEM-derived topographic attribute data, the internal geometry of rock slopes can be characterized on a grid cell basis. For
such computations, different approaches for the analysis and regionalization of available structural directional information
applicable in specific tectonic settings are demonstrated and implemented in a GIS environment. Simple kinematical testing
procedures based on feasibility criteria can be conducted on a pixel basis to determine which failure mechanisms are likely
to occur at particular terrain locations. In combination with hydraulic and strength data on geological discontinuities, scenario-based
rock slope stability evaluations can be performed. For conceptual investigations on rock slope failure processes, a GIS-based
specification tool for a 2-D distinct element code (UDEC) was designed to operate with the GIS-encoded spatially distributed
rock slope data. The concepts of the proposed methodology for rock slope hazard assessments are demonstrated at three different
test sites in Germany. 相似文献
18.
将非线性有限元分析和极限分析相结合形成强度参数折减有限元法,可以灵活地分析强度不均匀顺层路堑边坡支护结构稳定性问题。将岩体力学理论、非线性有限元分析技术和强度折减系数法相结合,对顺层岩体路堑边坡稳定性进行分析。在对密集假设节理有限元模拟中,假设节理在岩体内连续分布,采用连续介质力学方法建立密集分布节理岩体材料模型。采用强度折减系数法计算岩体结构安全系数,建议采用给定的岩体强度参数计算节理岩质边坡开挖、支护完毕后的内力,再逐渐降低岩体强度参数进行岩体边坡非线性有限元分析,直至岩体边坡达到极限状态,从而求出岩质边坡安全系数。采用该方法对渝怀铁路梅江河右岸DK409+989.4～DK410+020段顺层路堑边坡土钉墙支护结构稳定性进行分析,分析结果表明：采用土钉墙支护后的节理边坡塑安全系数为2.3,支护后的岩质边坡处于稳定状态;土钉墙潜在破裂面为岩体弹性区和塑性区的交界面,与测试得到的各排土钉拉力最大值位置一致。 相似文献
19.
砾岩边坡稳定性分析与防治工程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沪蓉国道主干线宜昌至恩施段高速公路,是国家“五纵七横“交通网的重要组成部分,其砾岩边坡稳定性分析与防治工程是重要的研究课题。本文以砾岩岩体结构面模拟研究,岩体力学参数估算为基础,结合砾岩特征及边坡地质环境条件,提出砾岩边坡稳定性评价的地质模型,并采用数值模拟与计算,得出砾岩边坡稳定性分析的确切结果。砾岩边坡岩土工程加固设计是关系到该高速公路安全、经济、适用的重要内容,紧密结合砾岩边坡的地质环境和砾岩岩体特征,采用信息化设计,运用生态化设计理念,充分发挥岩土工程技术优势,保护环境,提出合理的岩土工程加固设计方案。本研究成果对砾岩边坡防治工程提出了系统的研究思路,对沪蓉国道主干线宜昌至恩施段高速公路砾岩边坡的设计与施工具重要意义。 相似文献
20.
A micromechanical model is proposed for studying the stability and failure process of slopes based on the gravity increase method (GIM). In this numerical model the heterogeneity of rock at a mesoscopic level is considered by assuming that the material properties conform to the Weibull distribution. Elastic damage mechanics is a method used for describing the constitutive law of the meso-level element, the finite element method (FEM) is employed as the basic stress analysis tool, and the maximum tensile strain criterion and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion are utilised as the damage threshold. The numerical model is implemented into the Realistic Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) code using finite element programming, and an extended version of RFPA, i.e., RFPA-GIM, is developed to analyse the failure process and stability of slopes. In the numerical modelling with RFPA-GIM, the critical failure surface of slopes is obtained by increasing the gravity gradually but keeping material properties constant. The acoustic emission (AE) event rate is employed as the criterion for slope failure. The salient feature of the RFPA-GIM in stability analysis of slopes is that the critical failure surface as well as the safety factor can be obtained without any presumption for the shape and location of the failure surface. Several numerical tests have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of RFPA-GIM. Numerical results agree well with experimental results and those predicted using the FEM strength reduction method and conventional limit equilibrium analysis. Furthermore it is shown that selection of the AE rate as the criterion for slope failure is reasonable and effective. Finally, the RFPA-GIM is applied to several more complex cases, including slopes in jointed rock masses and layered rock formations. The results indicate that the RFPA-GIM is capable of capturing the mechanism of slope failure and has the potential for application in a larger range of geo-engineering. 相似文献