共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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徐世榕 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1989,(1)
1988年11月26日—12月2日,我会宝石矿物学委员会与广州友谊商店、广州有色金属研究院联合举办了“广州首届宝玉石展销会”。展销单位来自全国15个厂家和公司。展销内容包括有天然宝石与人造宝石的原料、戒面、首饰、玉雕件以及宝石加工设备等。天然宝石种类有翡翠、玉石、红蓝宝石、海蓝宝石、月光宝石、橄榄石、碧玺、石榴 相似文献
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天然宝石和合成宝石的鉴别标志 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张传荣 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1989,(3)
宝石可分为四类:天然宝石(包括处理宝石)、合成宝石、人造宝石和假宝石。自然界中已发现的矿物约3100种,可作为宝玉石的天然矿物有230种(包括它们的种、变种、族).比较重要的近百种,如钻石、红蓝宝石,祖母绿、海蓝宝石、紫晶、翡翠、绿松石等。合成宝石是一种与天然矿物相应的人工复制品,具有相同的化学成分和物理性质。主要种类有合成的钻石、红蓝宝石、祖母绿、尖晶石、绿松石、黄玉、水晶、蛋白石、孔雀石等. 相似文献
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翡翠经过漂白充填处理的结论性证据是红外光谱具有3 036、3 058 cm-1的吸收峰,对石英岩的充填处理该依据也是结论性的,随着市场新情况的出现,文献中对海蓝宝石、碧玺、石榴石、长石类宝石的充填处理也借助这两个与聚合物相关的峰诊断。但研究表明,有的宝石自身在3 100~3 000 cm-1范围内有吸收峰,还有的宝玉石在该范围内全吸收,会掩盖外来聚合物的吸收特征,此外,无机充填的宝石不具有3 100~3 000 cm-1范围内的特征吸收。因此,利用3 036、3 058 cm-1吸收峰判断宝石的充填需具体情况具体对待。 相似文献
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利用常规宝石学测试、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、激光诱导离解光谱仪(LIBS)、电子探针(EPMA)对近来在珠宝市场上的铅玻璃充填碧玺样品进行测试与分析,旨在探讨其鉴定特征。结果表明,该铅玻璃充填样品的充填特征不明显,与传统的有机物充填处理方法不同;X射线荧光光谱和激光诱导离解光谱的测试结果显示,该铅玻璃充填碧玺样品具有明显的Pb峰。铅玻璃充填碧玺样品中充填物的电子探针二次电子像及背散射电子像特征,可作为碧玺样品是否经过了铅玻璃充填的诊断性依据,其充填物的化学成分主要为Si和Pb,呈不规则斑块状分布于裂隙中。 相似文献
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将国产便携式近红外矿物分析仪引入宝玉石无损伤鉴定。通过实测图谱比对,就矿物的近红外光漫反射光谱特征,对主要宝玉石品种的可鉴别性进行分析;对翡翠等作为多矿物集合体表现出的近红外光谱特点及翡翠A货、B货、C货的可区分性亦作了初步分析。实测结果表明,利用易于普及的BJKF-1型近红外矿物分析仪在波长1 300~2 500 nm的近红外测量区域内对黄玉、绿柱石、电气石等部分宝石类,透闪石、叶蜡石、蛇纹石、硬玉等大部分玉石类样品开展日常检测工作,有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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现代测试技术在宝玉石检测中的应用现状及前景 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了X射线衍射、电子探针、红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等技术的工作原理及这些技术在宝玉石检测中的应用。事实证明,现代测试技术极大地推动了宝玉石鉴定和研究工作的进展。 相似文献
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本文着重讨论了光源,宝石在台面上的放置位置,接触液和远视技术等技术关键和细节。并详细介绍了在不同使用条件下,不同琢型的宝石,在运用远视技术时所出现的16种轮廓外形。 相似文献
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On the possibility of a kinetic fractionation of nitrogen stable isotopes during natural diamond growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pierre Cartigny Jeff W. Harris Randi Davies Marc Javoy 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(8):1571-1576
In a diamond from New South Wales (Australia), cubic and octahedral growth sectors, as identified by cathodoluminescence (CL), show slight differences in N-contents of 29 and 42 ppm respectively but no significant differences in either δ13C, δ15N and nitrogen aggregation state with values at +1.96‰, +19.4‰, and 25% Type IaAB aggregation, respectively.Two gem cubes from the Orapa kimberlite (Botswana) were studied by CL revealing a nonfaceted cubic growth. Accordingly, nine other gem cubes were combusted and yielded δ13C-values from -5.33‰ to -6.63‰, δ15N from -1.0‰ to -5.5‰, and nitrogen contents from 914 to 1168 ppm, with nitrogen aggregation state being only Type IaA (zero % B). The gem cubes show striking similarities to fibrous/coated diamonds, not only in both δ13C ranges (less than 3‰ from -5 to -8‰), but also in the high levels of nitrogen (≈ 1000 ppm), suggesting that the two diamond types are related. Additionally, no δ15N variation was detected between the cube and octahedral growth sectors of the Australian diamond, in the cube sectors of the nine gem cubes from Botswana, nor in fibrous/coated diamonds previously studied. These analyses contrast with an earlier study on a synthetic diamond, which reported a strong kinetic fractionation of N-isotopes of about 40‰ between cube and octahedral growth. The present evidence, therefore, suggests that kinetic fractionation of N-isotopes does not operate during natural diamond formation. 相似文献
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Thomas Hainschwang Stefanos Karampelas Emmanuel Fritsch Franck Notari 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(3):393-413
The methods of luminescence spectroscopy and microscopy are widely used for the analysis of gem materials. This paper gives an overview of the most important applications of the analysis of laser and UV excited luminescence by spectroscopy and visually by microscopy with emphasis on diamond, and specifically natural type Ib diamond, little studied so far. Luminescence based techniques are paramount to the gemmological analysis of diamond, in order to determine whether it is natural, treated or synthetic. The great sensitivity of luminescence helps detect some emitting centres that are undetectable by any other analytical method. Hence, especially for diamond, luminescence is an enabling technology, as illustrated by its pioneering use of imagery for the separation of natural and synthetic diamond, and of spectroscopy for the detection of High Pressure–High Temperature treatment. For all other gemstones the applications are at the moment less numerous, but nevertheless they remain highly important. They provide quickly information on the identification of a gem material, and its treatment. Besides the study of broad band emissions caused by various colour centres, the typical PL-causing trace elements (amongst others) are chromium, manganese, uranium and rare earth elements. In pearls the study of broad band luminescence can be useful, and particularly the study of pink to red porphyrin luminescence in pearls from certain species such as Pinctada and Pteria and others can help identify the pearl-producing mollusc, or if a pearl has been dyed or not. Type Ib diamonds are representative of the importance and complexity of the analysis of luminescence by microscopy and spectroscopy. They show a wide range of sometimes very complex emissions that result in luminescence colours from green to yellow to orange or red. These emissions show generally very inhomogeneous distribution. They are caused by a range of defects, however only a few of them are well characterized. 相似文献
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为了研究DC2000型钻石切工自动分析仪的测量精度,采用该仪器测量了标准的圆形明亮琢型CZ样品的切工比例。试验结果表明,DC2000型钻石切工自动分析仪达到了国际同类产品的测量精度,符合现代钻石切工分级的严格要求:腰棱直径和全深的最大偏差不超过0.01 mm,以百分数表示的台宽比、冠高比、腰厚比、亭深比和底尖比的最大偏差不大于±0.1%,冠角和亭角的最大偏差不大于±0.1o。DC2000型钻石切工自动分析仪可以为钻石切工分级和钻石加工过程的质量检测提供精确、可靠的数据。 相似文献
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Zonal and sectorial monazite-(Ce) crystals from ceramic granite pegmatites of the Adui pluton are enriched in Ce and La, whereas
monazite from the miarolitic gemstone pegmatites at the western contact of the pluton are enriched in Nd, Sm, Gd, and Y. This
difference is caused by earlier crystallization of ceramic pegmatites and higher temperatures of their formation (650–600°C
for ceramic pegmatites and 550–300°C for miarolitic pegmatites). Monazites from ceramic and miarolitic pegmatites of the Adui
pluton differ in La and Nd contents, but their compositional trend in La-Nd coordinates is similar to the variation in monazite
composition from the early to late granite pegmatites in the Ilmeny Mountains. It is suggested that decrease in temperature
is a factor controlling REE contents in monazite. Heterovalent P ↔ Si and REE ↔ Th, Ca isomorphism in the consecutive zones
of growth pyramids in monazite is both unidirectional and wave-like. Monazite from granite pegmatites of the Adui pluton and
Ilmeny Mountains crystallized mainly under slightly alkaline conditions. 相似文献