共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水动态数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据额济纳盆地的水文地质条件,采用地下水数值模拟软件GMS建立了额济纳绿洲区地下水流数值模型。根据模拟结果分析了生态输水期间(2001~2011年)研究区地下水量均衡要素和地下水位、水量的年际动态变化。研究结果表明:(1)生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水的年平均排泄量为3.54×108m3/a,年平均补给量为3.67×108m3/a。其中,河道渗漏和潜水蒸发分别占地下水补给和排泄的78%和63%;(2)生态输水期间额济纳绿洲区地下水量变化总体为正均衡,均衡差0.13×108m3/a。其中,2001、2004、2009和2010年为负均衡,其他年份均为正均衡;(3)对整个绿洲区而言,潜水补给承压水,平均补给量为0.23×108m3/a;(4)生态输水期间绿洲区的地下水位总体是抬升的,抬升速率0.02m/a。河道附近地下水位的抬升速率大于0.04m/a,较其他区域明显,受河水演进的影响,最大值出现在东河最下段。 相似文献
2.
用同位素方法研究额济纳盆地承压含水层地下水的补给 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
本文通过环境同位素、温度、电导率和人工示踪等方法研究了黑河下游古日乃和额济纳盆地深部承压水的补给源 ,初步揭示了额济纳盆地承压水来自于祁连山的降水 ,是部分祁连山西端雪水直接渗入山前的深大断裂 ,在玉门宽滩山一带注入与之相交的阿尔金断裂 ,然后继续向东补给至巴丹吉林沙漠 ,并顺着古日乃断层补给到额济纳盆地。通过蒸发量计算得到的补给量为 5× 10 8m3/a。黑河流域承压水中的 T(氚 )为 17.8～ 0 .1TU ,地下水的年龄与取样孔的位置有关 ,靠近强渗漏带附近的地下水的年龄只有 2 0～ 30 a。古日乃、拐子湖的湖泊、泉、沼泽等消失的主要原因是由于 5 0 a来温度升高、蒸发量增加和下游抽水量增大的原因。该项研究对于重新认识额济纳盆地、古日乃、巴丹吉林沙漠的地下水补给与黑河下游水资源调度、开发与利用具有十分重大的意义 相似文献
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黄河流域地下水资源、主要环境地质问题及对策建议 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文在重新汇总黄河流域地下水资源量的基础上 ,提供黄河流域天然补给资源总量为453 .54亿m3 /a,其中淡水为 40 3 .51亿m3 /a,微咸水补给约 50 .0 3亿m3 /a。可开采资源总量为2 1 2 .2 4亿m3 /a,其中淡水为 1 82 .42亿m3 /a,微咸水约 2 9.82亿m3 /a。总结分析了黄河流域主要环境地质问题的发展趋势 ,提出了水资源利用方面的一系列宏观对策建议。 相似文献
5.
石羊河流域属严重缺水的内陆河地区,流域水资源开发利用严重超过其承载能力,部分区域地下水利用达到174%,致使流域地下水位快速下降,天然植被枯萎死亡,土地沙漠化、盐渍化进程加快,生态十分脆弱,严重危及居民生存。本文基于流域地质结构和水文地质状况,按照地质结构、地下径流特性,对流域地下水盆地进行分区划定,并对流域水资源量进行计算评价,结果表明:石羊河流域地下水主要划分为大靖地下水盆地、武威地下水盆地、永昌地下水盆地、民勤地下水盆地、昌宁地下水盆地和潮水东地下水盆地,经流域地下切面计算和抽水试验验证,区内地下水降水入渗补给量为0.937亿m^3/a,侧向径流补给量为0.086亿m^3/a,合计地下水天然补给量为1.023亿m^3/a。相对误差为0.033亿m^3/a,绝对误差3.23%,分析较为准确,地下水盆地分区合理。研究结果为流域地下开采与保护提供了科学支撑。 相似文献
6.
淄博煤田矿坑积水量现有 0 .6亿 m3,2 0 10年淄川地区需水量 3.6 6亿 m3/ a,现有水量 1.81亿 m3/ a,缺水 1.85亿m3/ a。本文对矿坑积水进行了优化利用可行性研究 ,着重研究了电渗析方法处理矿坑水至生活饮用水标准的经济分析 相似文献
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据实际资料研究结果表明,近50年来滹沱河流域平原区粮食产量持续增加导致农业区地下水开采量不断增大,同时灌溉节水水平的不断提高有效地缓解了地下水开采量增加的速率。若按1953-1970年期间平均每公斤粮食生产耗用地下水开采量(3.11 m3/kg)推算,现状粮食生产规模下地下水开采量应为142.3亿m3/a,较实际开采量(24.4亿m3/a)多117.9亿m3/a,平均每5年递增11.74亿m3。以2001-2005年平均耗用地下水开采量(0.53 m3/kg)计算,粮食增产促使地下水开采量平均每5年递增2.45亿m3,平均每5年少递增9.45亿m3。因此,大力发展抗旱节水作物及高产节水技术,合理调控农业种植结构,对于缓解研究区地下水不断恶化态势具有实质性促进作用。 相似文献
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焉耆盆地生态需水量研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
焉耆盆地位于我国西北干旱区内陆腹地,为典型的大陆性干旱气候,降水稀少,蒸发强烈.区内水土资源丰富,是巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农牧业的主要基地.随着人口的增加和社会经济的发展,该地区水资源利用和生态环境之间的矛盾越来越突出.论文利用干旱区植被生态需水量计算方法,计算出该地区的农业需水量约为10.11亿m3,园、林地需水量约为2.43亿m3,牧草地及荒草地需水量约为30.00亿m3,博斯腾湖大小湖区的总蒸发及生态需水量约为13.86亿m3.该地区生态需水量共计约为56.40亿m3.通过计算焉耆盆地的生态需水量可为合理分配该区域的水资源提供参考;为生态保护以及水资源可持续利用提供科学依据. 相似文献
10.
内蒙古西部额济纳盆地土地荒漠化发展态势及其成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了查明额济纳盆地荒漠化的发展趋势及其成因,通过野外调查、遥感解译、样品测试及资料收集对比,从环境地质学的角度对额济纳盆地荒漠化的发展态势和成因进行了分析研究。结果表明：目前额济纳盆地土地荒漠化呈发展态势,环境在进一步恶化。认为荒漠化过程主要受区域地质环境条件变化的影响,全球气候变化、青藏高原隆升所引起的西北地区的干旱化趋势,是研究区荒漠化发生发展的决定性因素,盆地内的构造沉积背景决定着荒漠化的类型,水环境的变化直接影响着额济纳荒漠化的发生和发展速度。同时,当前人为因素对地质环境的影响很大,人类对水资源和土地资源的不合理利用,加速了荒漠化的发展速度。 相似文献
11.
Haiyang Xi Qi Feng Wei Liu JianHua Si Zongqiang Chang Yonghong Su 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):953-963
Water resources is a primary controlling factor for economical development and ecological environmental protection in the
inland river basins of arid western China. Groundwater, as the important component of total water resources, plays a dominant
role in the development of western China. In recent years, with the utilization ratio of surface water raised, the groundwater
recharge rate has been reduced by surface water, and groundwater was exploited on a large-scale. This has led to the decline
of groundwater levels and the degradation of eco-environments in the lower reaches of Heihe watershed, especially. Therefore,
the study on the groundwater-level change in recent years, as well as simulating and predicting groundwater levels changes
in the future is very significant to improve the ecological environment of the Heihe River Basin, coordinate the water contradiction,
and allocate the water resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the groundwater-level variations of the Ejina region
basin on a large-scale, to develop and evaluate a conceptual groundwater model in Ejina Basin; according to the experimental
observation data, to establish the groundwater flow model combining MODFLOW and GIS Software; simulated the regional hydrologic
regime in recent 10 years and compared with various delivery scenarios from midstream; determined which one would be the best
plan for maintaining and recovering the groundwater levels and increasing the area of Ejina Oasis. Finally, this paper discusses
the possible vegetation changes of Ejina Basin in the future. 相似文献
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Ping Wang Jingjie Yu Yichi Zhang Guobin Fu Leilei Min Fei Ao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):15-24
The impacts of environmental flow controls on the water table and chemistry of groundwater in the Ejina Delta, an arid inland
river basin in northwest China, were investigated with field observations in 2001 and 2009. The results indicate that the
shallow groundwater level rose by 0–2 m in the upper reaches of the east tributary of the Heihe River and in the areas of
Saihantaolai—Dalaikubu during the period of environmental flow controls. The chemical constituents of the groundwater show
a distinct spatial heterogeneity with the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the groundwater increasing from the periphery towards
the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. In addition, the rate of groundwater cycling in the south of the Ejina Delta increased,
and the mineralization of groundwater declined, while the overall mineralization and salinity increased in the northern regions,
especially in the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. Since shallow groundwater is important to the ecology of arid regions, and
because understanding the changes in the shallow groundwater environment (groundwater level and hydrochemistry) in response
to environmental flow controls is essential for the sustainable improvement of the ecological environment, the results of
this paper can be used as a reference for watershed water resources planning and management to help maintain the health and
proper function of rivers in arid regions. 相似文献
14.
Artificial groundwater recharge to a semi-arid basin: case study of Mujib aquifer,Jordan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mujib watershed is an important groundwater basin which is considered a major source for drinking and irrigation water in
Jordan. Increased dependence on groundwater needs improved aquifer management with respect to understanding deeply recharge
and discharge issues, planning rates withdrawal, and facing water quality problems arising from industrial and agricultural
contamination. The efficient management of this source depends on reliable estimates of the recharge to groundwater and is
needed in order to protect Mujib basin from depletion. Artificial groundwater recharge was investigated in this study as one
of the important options to face water scarcity and to improve groundwater storage in the aquifer. A groundwater model based
on the MODFLOW program, calibrated under both steady- and unsteady-state conditions, was used to investigate different groundwater
management scenarios that aim at protecting the Mujib basin. The scenarios include variations of abstraction levels combined
with different artificial groundwater recharge quantities. The possibilities of artificial groundwater recharge from existing
and proposed dams as well as reclaimed municipal wastewater were investigated. Artificial recharge options considered in this
study are mainly through injecting water directly to the aquifer and through infiltration from reservoir. Three scenarios
were performed to predict the aquifer system response under different artificial recharge options (low, moderate, and high)
which then compared with no action (recharge) scenario. The best scenario that provides a good recovery for the groundwater
table and that can be feasible is founded to be by reducing current abstraction rates by 20% and implementing the moderate
artificial recharge rates of 26 million(M)m3/year. The model constructed in this study helps decision makers and planners in selecting optimum management schemes suitable
for such arid and semi-arid regions. 相似文献
15.
从黑河流域地下水年龄论其资源属性 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
地下水资源的可持续性是当前干旱区流域水资源管理的首要问题之一 ,我国西北内陆干旱区地下水的可持续开发必须首先要了解地下水系统的更新能力 ,地下水的放射性同位素测年可以提供系统循环时间和更新能力的重要信息。本文利用地下水中放射性氚 (3H )和碳 (1 4C)测年方法 ,计算黑河流域地下水的年龄 ,进而讨论地下水的更新性。结果表明 :潜水年龄多数小于 5 0 a,具有可再生的资源的属性 ,其中山前戈壁带和张掖盆地细土平原潜水地下水年龄小于 4 0 a,为 196 3年以来补给。酒泉东盆地排泄区承压含水层中地下水的年龄为 2 338～5 5 6 9a,额济纳附近的深层承压含水层中 ,地下水的年龄为 5 4 86～ 86 30 a,地下水资源更新性较差。但是张掖盆地河流附近深层承压地下水年龄小于 5 0 a,具有一定的更新性。上述认识不仅对黑河流域水资源管理和生态环境建设具有重要意义 ,而且对西北类似的内流盆地的地下水系统的研究有着借鉴意义 相似文献
16.
The modeling of changes in surface water and groundwater in the areas of inter-basin water diversion projects is quite difficult because surface water and groundwater models are run separately most of the time and the lack of sufficient data limits the application of complex surface-water/groundwater coupling models based on physical laws, especially for developing countries. In this study, a distributed surface-water and groundwater coupling model, named the distributed time variant gain model–groundwater model (DTVGM-GWM), was used to assess the influence of climate change and inter-basin water diversion on a watershed hydrological cycle. The DTVGM-GWM model can reflect the interaction processes of surface water and groundwater at basin scale. The model was applied to the Haihe River Basin (HRB) in eastern China. The possible influences of climate change and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) on surface water and groundwater in the HRB were analyzed under various scenarios. The results showed that the newly constructed model DTVGM-GWM can reasonably simulate the surface and river runoff, and describe the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of groundwater level, groundwater storage and phreatic recharge. The prediction results under different scenarios showed a decline in annual groundwater exploitation and also runoff in the HRB, while an increase of groundwater storage and groundwater level after the SNWDP’s operation. Additionally, as the project also addresses future scenarios, a slight increase is predicted in the actual evapotranspiration, soil water content and phreatic recharge. This study provides valuable insights for developing sustainable groundwater management options for the HRB. 相似文献
17.
The Denver Basin bedrock aquifer system is an important source of water for municipal and agricultural uses in the Denver and Colorado Springs metropolitan areas. The Denver area is one of the fastest growing areas in the United States with a population of 1.2 million in 1960 that has increased to over 2.4 million by 2000. This rapid population growth has produced a corresponding increase in demand for potable water. Historically, the Denver area has relied on surface water, however, in the past 10 years new housing and recreation developments have begun to rely on groundwater from the bedrock aquifers as the surface water is fully appropriated and in short supply.The Denver Basin bedrock aquifer system consists of Tertiary and Cretaceous age sedimentary rocks known as the Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills Aquifers. The number of bedrock wells has increased from 12,000 in 1985 to 33,700 in 2001 and the withdrawal of groundwater has caused water level declines of 76 m. Water level declines for the past 10 years have ranged from 3 to 12 m per year. The groundwater supplies were once thought to last 100 years but there is concern that the groundwater supplies may be essentially depleted in 10 to 15 years in areas on the west side of the basin.Extensive development of the aquifer system has occurred in the last 25 years especially near the center of the basin in Douglas and El Paso Counties where rapid urban growth continues and surface water is lacking. Groundwater is being mined from the aquifer system because the discharge by wells exceeds the rate of recharge. Concern is mounting that increased groundwater withdrawal will cause water level declines, increased costs to withdraw groundwater, reduced well yield, and reduced groundwater storage. As the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource is in doubt, water managers believe that the life of the Denver Basin aquifers can be extended with artificial recharge, water reuse, restrictions on lawn watering, well permit restrictions and conservation measures. 相似文献
18.
西北黑河下游额济纳盆地地下水系统研究(上) 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
本文从额济纳盆地含水系统结构及埋藏分析、地下水补给与排泄、地下水流场、水化学特征、水环境同位素等方面的综合分析入手，将全盆地划分为潜水和承压水2大子系统，并进一步区分出5个亚系统及次亚地下水流系统。 相似文献
19.
The Selenge River Basin occupies a total area of 447,000 km2, of which 343,000 km2 is located within Mongolia (the remainder is in Russia). The basin is characterized by an extreme continental climate, consisting of harsh, cold, dry winters and short, hot summers. Annual average temperatures are approximately -4°C and annual rainfall ranges from 220 mm to 450 mm.The Selenge River Basin is a critical groundwater resource for Mongolia. Greater than 55% (~1.5 million) of Mongolia’s population resides within the basin and, during 2003, an estimated average of 700,000 m3/day of water was abstracted from the basin’s groundwater system. The basin services Mongolia’s largest cities and industries (including the rapidly expanding mining sector) as well as important traditional pastoral ranges. 相似文献