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1.
从构造和充填序列的角度分析了呼和湖凹陷下白垩统成煤环境,为该凹陷煤炭资源开发提供指导。呼和湖凹陷下白垩统主要经历伸展断陷和裂后热沉降断坳2个构造演化阶段。其中伸展断陷阶段可划分为初始张裂阶段、断裂强烈拉张阶段和断陷快速沉降阶段;裂后热沉降断坳阶段可划分为断坳转换沉降阶段和断坳沉降阶段。根据断陷盆地充填序列组合特征,将呼和湖凹陷下白垩统自下而上确定为底部粗碎屑冲积物段（Fm）、湖相细碎屑沉积段（Lm）、含煤碎屑岩段和湖相段（Cm-Lm）、湖相细碎屑沉积段（Lm）、含煤碎屑岩段和湖相段（Cm-Lm）和含煤碎屑岩段（Cm）类型。将构造演化和填充序列结合起来,探讨了南屯组二段、大磨拐河组二段和伊敏组的成煤环境。南屯组二段沉积时期,煤层主要发育在断陷湖盆沼泽长期稳定发育的滨湖地带和废弃的辫状河三角洲上。大磨拐和组二段沉积时期,凹陷为断坳浅水湖盆,北部聚煤作用主要发育在扇三角洲砂体上,南部聚煤作用主要发育在湖泊沼泽长期发育的滨湖地带。伊敏组沉积时期,凹陷全面淤浅,浅水洼地成为主要的聚煤场所。 相似文献
2.
E.H.Timothy Whitten 《Tectonophysics》1976,36(1-3)
Subsurface Cretaceous shallow-water sedimentary rocks of the exposed continental shelf between New York and southern Florida provide evidence of two periods of relatively high sedimentation and subsidence rates. North and south of the Cape Fear and Peninsula Arches, Late Aptian to Early Albian rates range from 50 to over 150 meters/ million years; in Coniacian/Santonian time, rates exceeding 30 meters/million years occur sporadically, even across the area of the Arches. A common, global phenomenon that affected both cratons and continental shelves is believed to have caused these periods of relatively rapid basin subsidence and consequent rapid sediment accumulation. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents results of high-resolution deep seismic reflection profiling of the Proterozoic Vindhyan basin of the
Rajasthan area along the Chandli-Bundi-Kota-Kunjer profile. Seismic images have been used to estimate the thickness of Vindhyan
strata as well as to understand the tectonic framework of the basin. The results are constrained by gravity, magnetic and
magnetotelluric data. The study reveals gentle SE-dipping reflection bands representing the Vindhyan strata. The seismic sections
depict gradual thickening of the Vindhyan succession towards southeast from Bundi. The velocities of the upper and lower Vindhyans
are identified as 4.6-4.8 km/s and 5.1-5.3 km/s. The NW limit of the Vindhyan basin is demarcated by the Great Boundary Fault
(GBF) that manifests as a 30 km wide NW dipping thrust fault extending to a depth of 30 km. 相似文献
4.
On the western and southern margins of the sickle shaped Vindhyan basin of north Indian shield, there are basal Vindhyan mafic volcanic rocks referred to as Khairmalia volcanics and Jungel volcanics respectively. These volcanics vary in composition from low-Ti tholeiite to high-Ti alkali basalt showing close affinity with continental flood basalts (CFB) and ocean island basalts (OIB) respectively. The parental magmas of Khairmalia and Jungel alkali basalts were formed by different degrees of partial melting of a garnet lherzolite. The magma of Khairmalia tholeiites was generated by a relatively higher degrees of partial melting of a garnet + spinel lherzolite. The geochemical data coupled with available geological and geophysical data favour a rift type origin of this basin which evolved as a peripheral basin showing many similarities with Paleogene Himalayan foreland basin. The existing radiometric age data suggest that the origin of Vindhyan basin is linked with Aravalli–Satpura orogeny. At about 1800–1600 Ma collision occurred along the Aravalli-Delhi fold belt (ADFB) and Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) with west and south subduction respectively. During this process the subducting lithosphere suffered extensional deformation on its convex side and some pre-existing large faults in the already thin leading edge of subducted plate also reactivated and tapped magma generated by decompressional melting of the subcontinental mantle. The simultaneous processes such as flexural subsidence, reactivation of pre-existing faults, heating, thermal cooling and contraction during volcanism, resulted in the formation of curvilinear warp parallel to the emerging mountain front. The Lower Vindhyan volcano–sedimentary succession was deformed and exposed to erosion before the deposition of Upper Vindhyan rocks. The orogenic forces were active intermittently throughout the Vindhyan sedimentation. 相似文献
5.
Yongtai Yang 《Sedimentary Geology》2011,233(1-4):15-27
It is shown that the middle Cretaceous succession in the northern Cordilleran foreland basin consists of several-million-year tectonically-driven cycles comprising two components: strata deposited in an underfilled basin with a prominent forebulge zone and strata deposited in an overfilled basin lacking evidence of a forebulge. The episodic thrusting of the Cordilleran orogenic wedge and its rich sediment supply to the basin are two main controlling factors for the formation of these cycles. A qualitative model of several-million-year tectonically-driven underfilled–overfilled cycle for migration and stratigraphic fill in this basin is proposed. During the early underfilled period (orogenic loading period), due to orogenic loading of emplaced thrust sheets, flexural subsidence is created in the region proximal to the mountain belt and a prominent forebulge is developed. During the late underfilled period (early orogenic unloading period), as the cratonward migration of the subsidence center of sediment loading in the foredeep zone, forebulge zones and backbulge zones migrate cratonwards, forming a diachronic erosion surface in the central basin. During the overfilled period (late orogenic unloading period), a prominent erosion forms in the proximal basin and a peripheral sag develops above the forebulge area of the previous underfilled period. This model may provide a pattern to subdivide sedimentary successions in the Cordilleran foreland basin. Using this model, alternative interpretations are suggested for some important, but controversial stratigraphic phenomena in the Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin: traditionally defined eustatic highstands, wide sedimentation area of the basin, erosion surfaces and widespread subtle topographic uplifts in the central basin, high-frequency coarsening-up cycles, extensively distributed erosive-based sandstones and conglomerates enclosed in marine mudstones. 相似文献
6.
旋回地层学的研究对象由海相地层逐渐转移到陆相深水地层.为了探究通过旋回地层学研究方法在陆相浅水湖盆建立高频层序格架的可能,采用频谱分析、天文调谐、“米氏”沉积速率拾取等手段对东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷黄岩区渐新统坳陷湖盆的岩相敏感曲线-GR数据开展研究.频谱分析结果显示黄岩区花港组受405 ka长偏心率周期（E）、121 ka和97 ka短偏心率周期（e）、28 ka斜率周期（O）以及约22 ka岁差周期（P）的调控.在浅水湖泊环境的富泥区,以La2004天文解决方案给出的65°N平均日照序列为参照进行天文调谐,建立了浮动天文年代标尺;在浅水三角洲环境的富砂区,通过滑动窗口频谱分析得到“米氏”沉积速率曲线,结合锆石铀铅测年资料的校验和岩石组合类型联合约束,完成高频层序格架划分.研究表明:黄岩区花港组持续时间约为10.9 Ma,可识别出27个405 ka长偏心率周期,根据偏心率滤波曲线和日照量各级次包络面的对应关系共划分11个四级层序,27个五级层序,分别对应着0.8~1.6 Ma和0.4 Ma的基准面旋回,每个旋回在沉积速率曲线上表现为高?低?高的特征.本次研究提供了一种利用“米氏”沉积速率进行高频层序格架搭建及层序?时间单元拾取的新方法,拓宽了旋回地层学的应用范围. 相似文献
7.
Aiad Ali Hussien Al-Zaidy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(7):2483-2500
The Neogene succession in the studied area is represented by seven formations (Serikagni, Euphrates, Dhiban, Jeribe, Fatha, Injana, and Muqdadiya formations). The area of study is located in the Unstable Shelf within the Low Folded Zone and the north part of the Stable Shelf (Mesopotamian Zone). This study included the geohistory analysis of the Neogene succession and interpretation the changes of the accumulation and subsidence rates and compared them with the space available to explanation the basin development. At The Early Miocene (Aquitanian age), the Sirekagni and Euphrates formations was deposited during a major transgression with high rates of subsidence and accumulation in the Himreen, Makhul, and north of Tigris subzones, while the Chemchemal–Arbil and Butmah–Mosul subzones were positive areas. This period ended with a sea withdrawal to the southeast to generate the Dhiban lagoonal basin which was characterized by low accumulation and subsidence rates. During the Early Burdigalian, the Jeribe Formation was deposited during another sea level rise that covered the area except the Chemchemal–Arbil and Butmah–Mosul subzones representing the uplifted positive area. The sea level rise continued to the early Langhian age where the transition beds for the Fatha Formation was deposited to mark the maximum flooding surface covering all the study area. The Fatha Formation was deposited at the Late Langhian to the Early Serravallian during sea level stillstand with high accumulation and subsidence rates in the Himreen subzone and the Chemchemal–Arbil subzone. This period ended without a clear tectonic activity. The period from Late Miocene to Pliocene was characterized by high tectonic activity and sea level fall where fluvial–lacustrine environment prevailed to deposit the Injana and Muqdadiya formations. The Injana Formation was deposited during the Late Serravallian–Tortonian in the Himreen and Chemchemal–Butmah subzones; in addition to the northern part of Tigris subzone. The areas of high rates of accumulation and subsidence were located near Jambour while the southwestern part was affected by an uplift generating the Himreen structure. The Chemchemal–Butmah subzones was characterized by a high uplift in the southeast part where Kirkuk and Chemchemal structures were forming, while The northeastern part (from Bi Hassan to the borehole Kirkuk-117) was with low accumulation and subsidence rates. The linear region between these parts (Khabaz oil field) showed an abnormal values for accumulation and subsidence rates (very high); this region corresponds to the location and direction of Anah–Fatha–Qalat Dizah Fault which suggest that the fault was active during that time. The tectonic activity continued to uplift all the north of the study area as well as the West and the East during the Late Tortonian to the Piacenzian where the Muqdadiya Formation was deposited in the area between Jambour to Khabaz oilfields. Then the succession was deformed and uplifted to approximately 800 m above the sea level as in the present day. 相似文献
8.
金宝屯盆地是一中生代内陆盆地。含煤地层为上侏罗统协尔苏组,主要由灰绿色、灰色砾岩和砂岩,灰黑色、黑色细砂岩和粉砂岩、泥岩及灰白色中—粗砂岩组成,平均厚110m。区内不同沉积环境,出现在盆地演化的不同阶段和盆地的不同部位。下部砾岩段沉积期以冲积扇环境为主;含煤段沉积期为冲积扇-河流-湖泊环境组合;成煤后演化为曲流河环境;上部砂岩砾岩段沉积期以辫状河沉积为主。聚煤作用发育于盆地中的湖泊分布区,发生于盆地快速沉降之后的整体稳定、缓慢沉降阶段的早期,煤层直接覆于湖相厚层泥岩之上。盆地仅经历了一个快—慢沉降旋回,煤层的形成受控于这种“无振荡聚煤作用”。 相似文献
9.
Daniel Raymond 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(3):795-803
Once the post variscan and late variscan motion effect suppressed, one may reconstitute the evolution of the Devonian-early Carboniferous sedimentation domain in the SW of France (Pyrénées-Mouthoumet-Montagne Noire): an extension event at the Silurian-Devonian boundary; — an early Devonian sedimentation period in a basin bordered northward by a shallow-water platform; — an other middle Devonian extension; — a late Devonian-early Carboniferous moderate deepening of the basin floor, preluding a late Visean-Namurian active subsidence characterised by an accumulation of terrigenous Culm deposits. This succession of events may testify for the birth and the evolution of a flexural basin sitting on a continental crust and located South of the variscan collision belt. 相似文献
10.
G. Aiello A. Ascione D. Barra R. Munno P. Petrosino E. Russo Ermolli F. Villani 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(3):233-245
The Pantano di San Gregorio Magno is a 4.7 km2 large tectono‐karstic basin located in the axial belt of the Southern Apennines, an area affected by intense seismicity. The basin was formed in the Middle Pleistocene and is presently undissected. It is filled by lacustrine sediments (clays, silts and pyroclastic sands) passing laterally into alluvial fan deposits. Geomorphological investigations were integrated with tephrostratigraphical, palynological and palaeoecological analyses of a 61 m thick core (not reaching the bedrock). The multiproxy analysis of the S. Gregorio Magno record shows that, over the last 200k yr, the basin hosted a freshwater lake with an oscillating level. Age constraints provided by the tephrostratigraphic record allowed estimation of the sedimentation rate, which varied strongly through time. Evolution of the basin resulted from the complex combination of tectonic subsidence, karst processes and changing amounts of sedimentary inputs. The latter was influenced by allogenic contributions related both to primary and reworked volcanoclastic inputs and was climate‐driven. The overall evidence, which indicates that in the long‐term the accumulation rate substantially counterbalanced the accommodation space created by faulting, suggests that the basin evolution was also modulated by changing subsidence rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Rabindra Nath Hota 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(2):403-410
In case of autocyclic sedimentation, direct relationship exists between net thickness of strata and number of coal cycles.
Many of the coal basins including coal bearing Gondwana basins of India are good examples of autocyclic sedimentation, in
which the cyclicity is attributed to intrabasinal differential subsidence of the basin floor. In the present work an attempt
has been made to quantify the intrabasinal subsidence in a part of the Barakar Formation of the Talchir Gondwana basin. Eight
undisturbed intervals were delineated in the Barakar stratigraphy. During different phases of sedimentation, different parts
of the study area subsided with varying magnitudes. The areas of maximum subsidence accommodated thicker sediment column in
comparison to the areas of slow subsidence rate. 相似文献
12.
沁水盆地煤及煤层气开发主要集中在盆地两翼及南部转折端,而对盆地中北部煤系能源矿产及构造演化问题略显不足。通过还原聚煤期古构造和沉积环境,结合构造应力场和沉降史恢复等手段,综合分析沁水盆地中北部晚古生代煤系形成过程及多期构造运动对煤系矿产赋存的影响。认为:研究区石炭-二叠聚煤期以北东向沉积坳陷控制了现今盆地构造格局,整体沉积环境由海陆过渡相向陆相过渡;印支期,盆地接受快速沉降,在深成变质作用下,形成煤系气;燕山期,盆地遭到挤压破坏,北东向主体向斜形成,煤系抬升,同时受岩浆热作用,煤化程度提高,向斜两翼煤及煤系气遭到剥蚀和散逸;喜马拉雅期,盆地遭拉张作用叠加破坏,西北部发育大型裂陷和大量正断层,煤系气发生部分逸散,主要富集在研究区中东部。 相似文献
13.
JAMIE G. QUIN 《Sedimentology》2008,55(4):1053-1082
The relatively fine-grained Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous 'Cork Beds' succession of the South Munster Basin includes continuous sections of paralic facies that are over 1000 m thick and individual sandstone units over 300 m thick. However, the succession does not reflect prolonged phases when facies belts were stationary, but rather multiple stacking of small-scale, high-frequency sequences, each associated with pronounced migration of shorelines. What seems to have been unusual about the South Munster Basin succession was that the geographical positioning of these high-frequency sequences was fixed. This resulted from an unusual combination of tectonics, shelf hydrodynamics, sedimentation rates and the textural maturity of the sediment within the basin. Of these, tectonics was probably most critical, particularly the juxtaposition of rapid subsidence in basinal areas and a basin margin zone (to the north) that was sufficiently up-standing to pin the maximum extent of transgression during repeated highstands of sea-level, yet not so upstanding as to have diverted the major regional drainage system. The embayed palaeogeography of the area may also have been influential. 相似文献
14.
伸展背景下陆相地层发育的控制：以阜新盆地为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
陆相地层发育普遍雠为是受构造控制的,然而在构造背景下,其它控制因素如水位或水量,沉积物供给量等是如何起作用的呢？根据Ｓｃｈｉｌｓｃｈｅ的伸展盆地定量充填模型,模拟阜新盆地沙海组和阜新组地层的形成,得出一些陆相地发育控制的一些认识。在陆相地层发育过程中,层序发育与沉积环境转化是受盆地的构造沉降与可容空间,沉积物供给与沉积物堆积速率,盆地供水量与气候以及沉积作用过程的影响和控制。 相似文献
15.
在高分辨层序地层学基本理论指导下,结合研究区岩心数据、测井等资料对黔西北晚二叠世含煤岩系划分出三个层序组,在此基础上研究了黔西北晚二叠世的聚煤模式。分析认为:研究区晚二叠世厚煤层的形成与分布直接受控于古沉积环境,水城、纳雍一带聚煤中心的三角洲沉积组合利于厚煤层的形成;聚煤中心的迁移受控于沉积盆地旋转引起的旋转旋回沉积机制;龙潭期—长兴期持续海进是研究区晚二叠世含煤岩系沉积期,尤其是晚二叠世沉积盆地顺时针方向的旋转导致可容纳空间变化的非均一性,致使聚煤中心发生逆时针方向的北迁和回迁。 相似文献
16.
笔者通过胜利油区惠民凹陷南坡地区古生代地层的沉积相发育与分布特点的研究，并结合区域构造运动，揭示了该地区古生代奥陶纪到中生代侏罗纪的构造和沉积体系发展演化规律。结果表明，整个研究区在早古生代发育了一套碳酸盐潮坪体系，晚古生代为海陆过渡的三角洲沉积体系，中生代为一套陆相河流体系。三角洲体系又包括了石炭纪的海相三角洲和二叠纪的陆相湖泊三角洲。该区在古生代和中生代经历着多期次、多类型的构造－沉积演化，从整个演化过程来看，总体上体现了从海到陆的过程。在空间上，除了在早古生代沉积相对稳定外，晚 古生代和中生代均表现了较明显的沉降差异性。 相似文献
17.
O.P. Polyansky A.V. Prokop'ev A.V. Babichev S.N. Korobeynikov V.V. Reverdatto 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(2):121-137
Results of modeling of the formation of the Vilyui sedimentary basin are presented. We combine backstripping reconstructions of sedimentation and thermal regime during the subsidence with a numerical simulation based on the deformable solid mechanics. Lithological data and stratigraphic sections were used to “strip” the sedimentary beds successively and calculate the depth of the stratigraphic units during the sedimentation. It is the first time that the evolution of sedimentation which is nonuniform over the basin area has been analyzed for the Vilyui basin. The rift origin of the basin is proven. We estimate the spatial distribution of the parameters of crustal and mantle-lithosphere extension as well as expansion due to dike intrusion. According to the reconstructions, the type of subsidence curves for the sedimentary rocks of the basin depends on the tectonic regime of sedimentation in individual basins. The backstripping analysis revealed two stages of extension (sediments 4–5 km thick) and a foreland stage (sediments > 2 km thick). With the two-layered lithosphere model, we conclude that the subcrustal layer underwent predominant extension (by a factor of 1.2–2.0 vs. 1.1–1.4 in the crust). The goal of numerical experiments is to demonstrate that deep troughs can form in the continental crust under its finite extension. Unlike the oceanic rifting models, this modeling shows no complete destruction or rupture of the continental crust during the extension. The 2D numerical simulation shows the possibility of considerable basement subsidence near the central axis and explains why mafic dikes are concentrated on the basin periphery. 相似文献
18.
米级旋回层序的成因类型及其相序组构特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
与米兰柯维奇旋回存在成因联系的幕式地层堆积作用的结果,是在地层记录中形成各种类型的米级旋回层序。在不同的古地理背景中,受物质来源及沉积动力学背景的控制,故发育具有不同相序组构的不同类型的米级旋回层序。因此,相序组构特征就成为米级旋回层序类型划分的基本准则。地层记录中米级旋回层序的广泛发育,以及它们在长周期层序中的有序垂直叠加形式和地史演化特征,由不同相序组构所反映的成因类型以及由不同类型所指示的沉积动力背景等等,不但表明了米级旋回层序是描述地层结构的基本工作单元,而且是对“准层序”的延展和补充。在海相地层中,不管是碳酸盐岩还是陆源碎屑岩地层,这种厚几厘米至几米的米级旋回层序,大致都可以划分为正粒序和反粒序两种相序组构,正粒序组构主要是潮汐作用的结果,而反粒序主要是以波浪作用为主的浅海环境的产物 不管是正粒序还是反粒序序列,均构成总体向上变浅序列。由此,碳酸盐岩米级旋回层序可划分为L-M型、深水非对称型、潮下型及环潮坪型 碎屑岩米级旋回层序可划分为潮汐动力型及波浪动力型。米级旋回层序的界面是由高频率海平面变化所产生的非沉积作用面,包括瞬时暴露间断面和瞬时加深淹没间断面乃至它们的相关面,这些在区域上延伸较远,甚至。 相似文献
19.
Genetic Types of Meter-Scale Cyclic Sequences and Fabric Natures of Facies Succession 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mei Mingxiang Xu Debin Zhou Hongrui Institute of Earth Sciences Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(4)
Ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ,ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｅｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｂｙＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎａｎｄＧｏｏｄｗｉｎ (1990 ) ,ｒｅｆｅｒｔｏｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎ ｔａｌｕｎｉｔｓｏｆｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｉｓｃｅｒｎｅｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｏｕｔｃｒｏｐ .Ａｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｕｎｉｔｓｉｎｓｔｒａｔｉ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ,ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｒ… 相似文献
20.
准噶尔盆地北东向构造及其油气地质意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
准噶尔盆地深、浅层构造存在差异, 通过地震、地质资料分析了准噶尔盆地发育在中、晚二叠世、三叠纪的北东向构造特征, 认为中、晚二叠世、三叠纪地层沉积受北东和北西向正断裂控制, 由北东向正断裂控制的沉积中心构成了雁列组合特征.地质力学和大地构造背景分析认为, 盆地形成期的北东向构造与边缘断裂的左旋走滑作用有关.北东向的逆冲断裂形成于或主要活动于三叠纪末的盆地挤压反转作用.成盆拉张和反转挤压作用都使得北东向构造成为有利的油气聚集带, 上叠盆地的披盖沉积对北东向油气聚集带的保存起到重要作用 相似文献