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1.
先锋盆地超厚优质煤层的异地成因模式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
云南先锋盆地赋存有超厚的优质褐煤。煤层中发育有着丰富的异地成因的沉积学标志。这些成因标志揭示了一种新的异地堆积亚模式,即“腐植型植物碎屑河流远源搬运→植物碎屑扇三角洲沉积+湖滨泥炭沼泽植物碎屑沉积+泥质碎屑沉积→洪水或水下重力流的混合和搬运作用→有机碎屑与无机碎屑的机械分异和再沉积”,简称为“湖相植屑扇三角洲-水下重力流二次堆积”,或者“先锋亚模式”。这种亚模式补充了作者原先所建立的中国中、新生代内陆断陷盆地超厚煤层的成因模式——“阜新亚模式”和“抚顺亚模式”,可以统称为“异地-微异地湖泊二次复合堆积模式”。  相似文献   

2.
从典型聚煤盆地厚煤层的成因标志和沉积特征出发,对煤层内大量的重力流沉积物-碎屑流,稀性泥石流和重力滑塌、变形构造及再搬运-再堆积等独特的沉积记录进行了剖析,指出了这些厚煤层在初次堆积后经再搬运而堆积于异地,并与盆缘、盆内断裂的强烈活动相关,并对“聚煤期的泥炭沼泽是在稳定-弱动荡水体或平静状态下履水很浅的情况下持续、稳定地下沉,并与泥炭的堆积速率构成大体平衡的条件下发生的”,“绝大部分有经济价值的煤  相似文献   

3.
从法国典型的断陷聚煤盆地具有重要经济价值的厚煤层的成因标志和沉积特征出发,对这些厚煤层获特的沉积条件进行了剖析,指出了厚煤层均发育于盆缘,盆内断层活动强烈的构造背景下,煤层内大量的重力流沉积物-碎屑流,稀性泥石流,重力滑塌,变形构造和再搬运-再堆积的记录等特征,均表明了这些厚煤层在堆(沉)积时为较深覆水,且水体动荡的湖泊沉积环境,部分厚煤(泥炭)层在初次堆积后经过了再搬运而在异地堆积。  相似文献   

4.
法国、中国断陷盆地厚煤层堆积机制分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从法国中央地块晚石炭世的3个内陆山间小型断陷聚煤盆地厚煤层的成因标志和沉积特征出发,讨论了这些煤层独特的堆积机制及其沉积-构造条件,并与中国东北早第三纪抚顺盆地超厚煤层的沉积条件做了比较分析,指出了2个大陆间在厚煤层的堆积背景与条件方面的差异性和共同点。尤其是这些盆地均发育于活动的构造背景之下,盆缘、盆内断层活动强烈,且控制着沉积相带的展布及富煤单元的时空分布;煤层内均发育有大量的重力流沉积物——碎屑流。稀性泥石流或浊流沉积物;煤层自身存在同沉积期的重力滑塌。变形构造和大量的再搬运-再堆积的记录,表明厚(巨厚、超厚)煤层在堆积时的湖泊环境为覆水较深、不稳定的沉积环境,并且煤(泥炭)在初次堆积后经过了再次搬运而成为异地堆积的产物。这为提出厚煤层新的堆积机制,即异地堆积提供了重要而可靠的证据和实例。  相似文献   

5.
抚顺盆地超厚煤层的沉积条件分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
根据抚顺盆地早第三纪超厚煤层中异常丰富的成因标志,论证了一种与河流、风暴作用有关的陆相超厚煤层形成新机制-湖成异地-微异地混合堆积机制。在这一新机制中,由风暴上升流(也许还有地震)触发的水下重力流及风暴回流,既驱动湖滨泥炭沼泽和三角洲上的有机碎屑及无机碎屑进入湖泊中心区,又造成泥炭碎屑在较深水环境的再次堆积,从而使其中无机碎屑与泥炭碎屑有效地分离。  相似文献   

6.
吴昕  吴冲龙  毛小平  张继吟 《沉积学报》2016,34(6):1155-1164
吉尔嘎郎图凹陷的赛汉塔拉组沉积于基底减速沉降-充填演化阶段,是凹陷进入湖泊萎缩阶段早-中期的产物,其层序地层单元属于水退体系域。自下而上由浅湖相、三角洲相和曲流河相组成。其中的超厚煤层与大量薄层浊积砂岩共生,形成于该凹陷的次级深断槽中,沉积环境应为浅湖和局部较深湖。传统的煤沉积模式难以解释其超厚煤层的成因。通过对煤层和夹矸的沉积学研究,以及凹陷充填序列分析,建立了一种陆相超厚煤层异地成因新模式--“弱风暴及水下泥质、砂质重力流亚模式”,简称为胜利盆地亚模式。推测成煤物质是由远源河流搬运而来的巨量异地高灰泥炭,可能先沉积于滨湖三角洲,后经滑塌和浊流作用转移至浅湖中,并经再次分异、沉积成为超厚的低灰煤层。  相似文献   

7.
The coal geologists have studied the sedimentary condi-tions and accum ulation patterns of coals in intra- mountainousfault basins(Hu etal.,1998;Wang,1997;Wu etal.,1997;L i,1988;Bordonne et al.,1986 ;Vetter,1986 ;Teichmullerand Teichmuller,1982 ) and also the accumulation m odel forthick coalbeds (Wang et al.,1999;Zhang et al.,1999;Wang,1997;Wu etal.,1996 ;Esterle and Ferm,1994) .Es-pecially,the authors of this paper observed and studied in de-tail the strata outcropping in two continenta…  相似文献   

8.
The purpose of this study was to determine peat formation processes throughout the millennia in four tidal marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Peat cores collected at each site were analyzed for bulk density, loss on ignition, and percent organic carbon. Core data and spline fit age–depth models were used to estimate inorganic sedimentation, organic accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates in the marshes. Bulk density and percent organic matter content of peat fluctuated through time at all sites, suggesting that peat formation processes are dynamic and responsive to watershed conditions. The balance between inorganic sedimentation and organic accumulation at the sites also varied through time, indicating that marshes may rely more strongly on either inorganic or organic matter for peat formation at particular times in their existence. Mean carbon sequestration rates found in this study (0.38–0.79 Mg C ha−1 year−1) were similar to other long-term estimates for temperate peatlands.  相似文献   

9.
杨子荣  张鹏飞 《地质论评》1995,41(6):537-543
金宝屯盆地是一中生代内陆盆地。含煤地层为上侏罗统协尔苏组,主要由灰绿色、灰色砾岩和砂岩,灰黑色、黑色细砂岩和粉砂岩、泥岩及灰白色中—粗砂岩组成,平均厚110m。区内不同沉积环境,出现在盆地演化的不同阶段和盆地的不同部位。下部砾岩段沉积期以冲积扇环境为主;含煤段沉积期为冲积扇-河流-湖泊环境组合;成煤后演化为曲流河环境;上部砂岩砾岩段沉积期以辫状河沉积为主。聚煤作用发育于盆地中的湖泊分布区,发生于盆地快速沉降之后的整体稳定、缓慢沉降阶段的早期,煤层直接覆于湖相厚层泥岩之上。盆地仅经历了一个快—慢沉降旋回,煤层的形成受控于这种“无振荡聚煤作用”。  相似文献   

10.
Exceptionally thick (over 15 m) deposits of peat which fill the northern end of Sucker Lake basin in northcentral Michigan document the volumetric importance of allochthonous organic material in a modern coal-forming environment. Organic debris that originates in, and is derived from, a highly vegetated floodplain immediately upstream is deposited as a lakeward-prograding lobe that exhibits features typical of most lacustrine Gilbert deltas, but is composed almost entirely of organic material. This system overlies an additional 7 m of nearly pure, brecciated lacustrine carbonate, deposited as shallow lake-margin benches and emplaced into the deep basin centre by gravity sliding prior to deltaic progradation. In the southern end of the basin, bottomset beds of fine silt-size organic phytoclasts onlap distal facies of progradational bench carbonates, which originate (in shallow water) through calcite encrustation about stems of the dominant macrophyte Chara. With continued sedimentation, a stratigraphic succession in which allochthonous organics will overlie pure, allochthonous lacustrine carbonates and in part be overlain by autochthonous carbonates will characterize the northern end of this Holocene system. In the southern end around the basin margins, however, autochthonous carbonates will entirely underlie allochthonous organics. Numerous continuous cores (up to 22 m) through these units document: (1) the importance of sources of allochthonous organic debris in modern coal-forming complexes, (2) the genetic relationship between nearly pure calcareous and nearly pure carbonaceous facies within these paludal-lacustrine settings, and (3) the complexity of interrelationships between the several component facies within such continental sedimentary systems.  相似文献   

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