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1.
蛇绿岩型金刚石的特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
蛇绿岩型金刚石产在蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中,不同于产在大陆克拉通的金伯利岩型金刚石,也不同于产在板块俯冲带中的超高压变质型金刚石和陨石撞击成因的金刚石。蛇绿岩型金刚石的主要特征是粒度普遍较小,多数在200~500μm之间,C同位素显示极低的δ13CVPDB值(-28‰~-18‰),金刚石中包裹体以含富Mn的矿物为特征,金刚石产在蛇绿岩大洋地幔橄榄岩中,其构造背景为板块缝合带。金伯利岩型金刚石粒度可达厘米级,是大颗粒宝石级金刚石的主要来源,其C同位素显示轻微低的δ13CVPDB值(-10‰~-5‰),包裹体矿物多为富Mg的矿物组合,金刚石产在克拉通和大陆岩石圈构造背景。超高压变质带中的金刚石颗粒十分细小,由数微米至100μm,C同位素为中等低的δ13CVPDB值(-15‰~-7‰),金刚石通常与碳酸岩和地壳成因矿物伴生,含有金刚石的超高压变质岩石形成的构造背景为板块深俯冲边界。形成于陨石撞击的金刚石产出和研究均较少,金刚石通常也是微米级,产出在陨石撞击形成的变质岩中,伴生矿物的成分与与撞击变质的原岩有关。以上四类金刚石无论野外和室内区分显著,由此,可以将蛇绿岩型金刚石归为地球上一种新的金刚石产出类型。  相似文献   

2.
中国金伯利岩中的钛铁矿   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
董振信 《矿物学报》1991,11(2):141-147
本文研究了金伯利岩中,作为巨晶和粗晶,基质相矿物,与金云母、镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石等矿物的连生体,金刚石中包裹体矿物及金伯利岩地幔岩包裹体矿物产出的钛铁矿的大小,形态、皮壳及化学成分、端元组分、环带及成分变异趋势。并与其他岩类中的钛铁矿作了对比。探讨了不同产状、共生组合类型的钛铁矿的成因。指出了与金刚石紧密伴生的钛铁矿的标型特征及找矿意义。  相似文献   

3.
在亚库梯亚和南非的金刚石中广泛发育Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ硫化物的原生包裹体,对超基性岩和榴辉岩中金刚石的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｓ系列包裹体进行了对比研究,结果表明,二者中的原始硫化物熔融体成分有明显差异,对金刚石及其共生矿物中硫化物包裹体的化学成分的研究相当全面,而对微量元素成分的研究还刚刚起步,对亚库梯亚金刚石（包括乌达奇内金伯利岩筒中的金刚石）的硫化物包裹体中混入元素成分进行了研究。其结果表明,超基性岩  相似文献   

4.
全球多地蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现微粒金刚石，并在中国西藏南部和俄罗斯乌拉尔北部的蛇绿岩铬铁矿中发现原位产出的金刚石，认为是地球上金刚石的一种新的产出类型，不同于金伯利岩型金刚石和超高压变质型金刚石。它们与呈斯石英假象的柯石英、高压相的铬铁矿和青松矿等高压矿物以及碳硅石和单质矿物等强还原矿物伴生，指示蛇绿岩中的这些矿物组合形成于深度150~300 km或者更深的地幔。金刚石具有很轻的C同位素组成（δ13C-18‰~-28‰），并出现多种含Mn矿物和壳源成分包裹体。研究认为它们曾是早期深俯冲的地壳物质，达到>300 km深部地幔或地幔过渡带后，经历了熔融并产生新的流体，后者在上升过程中结晶成新的超高压、强还原矿物组合，通过地幔对流或地幔柱作用被带回到浅部地幔，由此建立了一个俯冲物质深地幔再循环的新模式。蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现金刚石等深部矿物，质疑了蛇绿岩铬铁矿形成于浅部地幔的已有认识，引发了一系列新的科学问题，提出了新的研究方向。   相似文献   

5.
云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义   总被引：44，自引：15，他引：44  
为探讨兰坪盆地内白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区水_岩反应的可能性 ,对矿集区的热液矿物、蚀变岩石和原岩的碳、氧同位素组成进行了分析。分析结果显示 ,热液成矿阶段形成的方解石、菱铁矿、菱锶矿的δ13 CPDB 值为-8.3‰～ + 2 .7‰ ,相对变化较小 ;而δ18OSMOW 值为 -2 .5‰～ + 2 4.3‰ ,变化较大 ,且出现了自然界中少见的极低值(± 0‰ )。水岩交换模拟反应显示 ,在成矿早阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -7‰和 + 7‰ ,与岩浆水组成特征相似 ,它是一种具有深源CO2 的热卤水。在此流体中 ,可溶性碳以HCO-3 为主 ,方解石等热液矿物的形成温度为3 0 0～ 160℃ ,水岩交换比值较小 (0～ 0 .4)。在成矿晚阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -2 .5‰和 -12 .5‰ ,可溶性碳以H2 CO3 为主 ,方解石等形成温度为 2 50～ 150℃ ,水岩交换比值稍大 (0 .2～ 0 .6) ,显示出晚阶段成矿流体具有大气降水的特征。δ13 C值的增加 ,很可能与降温作用和灰岩的溶解或去碳酸盐化作用有关  相似文献   

6.
江苏观山铜铅金矿是典型的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。本文通过对观山铜铅金矿床氢、氧、碳、硫同位素组成的研究,探讨成矿溶液中水、碳、硫的来源以及成矿溶液的演化。同位素测定显示石英流体包裹体水的δD=-90‰～-70‰,δ18O水=-8.9‰～-1.1‰;热液方解石流体包裹体水的δD=-90‰～-81‰,δ18O水=0.1‰～2.3‰。氢氧同位素组成说明成矿流体主要为与围岩进行过水岩反应的循环大气降水,不排除有少量岩浆水的加入。黄铁矿与黄铜矿矿石的δ34SV-CDT=5.8‰～9.9‰,平均值为7.6‰,表明该矿成矿过程中的S很可能是沉积岩来源的硫与岩浆岩来源硫的混合。矿床中可见较多的重晶石等硫酸盐矿物,这种高价态硫的矿物的存在显示其成矿溶液具有富集34S的特征,加上成矿过程中流体的沸腾导致H2S等气体大量逸出和残余岩浆流体富集34S,使得沉淀的黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物同样具有富集34S的特征;热液方解石碳同位素δ13C方解石=-4.1‰～6.1‰,平均为δ13C方解石=1.3‰,显示其中的C主要来源于流体对流循环过程中对基底岩石中碳酸盐地层的溶解。  相似文献   

7.
碳酸盐矿物是火山岩储层内重要的矿物成分,长岭断陷火山岩储层内的自生碳酸盐矿物主要是方解石.本文通过对营城组储层内方解石矿物的碳氧同位素特征分析,探讨储层内碳酸盐矿物成因.研究表明,长岭断陷火山岩储层内方解石δ13 CV-PDB值范围为-12.7‰～0.4‰,δ18OV-SMOw值范围为3.8‰～12‰,具有高δ18O值.与方解石平衡的CO2碳同位素计算值范围较宽,为-16.0‰～2.2‰,表明其形成物质的多源性.在δ18 O-δ13C图解中显示,形成碳酸盐矿物的CO2来源于幔源-岩浆无机成因的CO2和有机质演化过程中产生的CO2,以无机成因CO2源为主.这些无机成因CO2、有机成因CO2和沉积有机质热演化产生的有机酸溶于流体,形成酸性流体.火山岩储层中碳酸盐矿物的形成实质就是这种酸性流体与储层围岩反应的结果.  相似文献   

8.
生物成矿和热水成矿中碳来源的同位素示踪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用修改的Scotchmanδ^13C-δ^18O图解,可以区分沉积盆地中4种不同来源的碳。它们是：海洋碳酸盐岩中的碳、生物碳、热解非生物碳和热卤水流体中的碳（主要来自地壳深部）。以生物碳来源为主的碳酸盐岩是埋藏于低古地温条件下沉积－成岩阶段中有机物质分散的产物,多数以δ^13C＜－8‰和δ^18C值＞－6‰为特征。热水成矿作用形成的碳酸盐岩以δ^13C值－2‰－－8‰和δ^18C＜－7‰为特征,碳主要为地壳深部的非生物成因碳,且可能由沉积物变质释放出CO2沉积而成,也可能来自上地幔流体的去气作用。  相似文献   

9.
研究了柿竹园矿田柴山铅锌矿床早、晚期方解石的C、O同位素组成,并对C、O同位素组成之间明显的正相关关系进行了CO2去气、流体混合与水．岩反应的理论模拟。结果表明,该矿床方解石的形成主要是由成矿流体与围岩发生水-岩反应及温度降低造成的,另外大气降水的加入也起到一定的作用。成矿流体中的可溶性碳以H2CO3为主,早期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O值分别为-2．5‰＋4‰,晚期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O值分别为-1‰和＋6‰,并且在成矿过程中一直有中生代大气降水的加入。  相似文献   

10.
金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源; 金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征; 金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。  相似文献   

11.
The first data are reported on the carbon isotopic composition of diamond crystals from the Grib pipe kimberlite deposit of the Archangelsk diamond province (ADP). The δ13C value of the crystals ranges from ?2.79 to ?9.61‰. The isotopic composition of carbon was determined in three zoned crystals (δ13C of ?5.8 ?6.96 ‰, ?5.64/ ?5.85 ‰, and ?5.94/ ?5.69 ‰), two “diamond in diamond” samples (diamond inclusion with δ13C of ?4.05 and ?6.34 ‰ in host diamond crystals with δ13C of ?8.05 and ?7.54 ‰, respectively), and two samples of coated diamonds (cores with δ13C of ?6.98 and ?6.78‰ and coats with δ13C of ?7.51 and ?8.01 ‰, respectively). δ13C values were obtained for individual diamond crystals from bort-type aggregates (δ13C of ?4.24/ ?4.05 ‰, ?6.58/ ?7.48 ‰, and ?5.48/ ?6.08 ‰). Correlations were examined between the carbon isotopic composition of diamonds and their crystal morphology; the color; the concentration of nitrogen, hydrogen, and platelet defects; and mineral inclusions content. It was supposed that the observed δ13C variations in the crystals are most likely related to the fractionation of carbon isotopes rather than to the heterogeneity of carbon sources involved in diamond formation. The isotopic characteristics of diamonds from the Grib pipe were compared with those of previously investigated diamonds from the Lomonosov deposit. It was found that diamonds from these relatively closely spaced kimberlite fields are different; this also indicates the existence of spatially localized peculiarities of isotope fractionation in processes accompanying diamond formation.  相似文献   

12.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(11-12):1825-1836
Oxygen isotope data have been obtained for silicate inclusions in diamonds, and similar associated minerals in peridotitic and eclogitic xenoliths from the Finsch kimberlite by laser-fluorination. Oxygen isotope analyses of syngenetic inclusions weighing 20–400 μg have been obtained by laser heating in the presence of ClF3. 18O/16O ratios are determined on oxygen converted to CO2 over hot graphite and, for samples weighing less than 750 μg (producing <12 μmoles O2) enhanced CO production in the graphite reactor causes a systematic shift in both δ13C and δ18O that varies as a function of sample weight. A “pressure effect” correction procedure, based on the magnitude of δ13C (CO2) depletion relative to δ13C (graphite), is used to obtain corrected δ18O values for inclusions with an accuracy estimated to be ±0.3‰ for samples weighing 40 μg.Syngenetic inclusions in host diamonds with similar δ13C values (−8.4‰ to −2.7‰) have oxygen isotope compositions that vary significantly, with a clear distinction between inclusions of peridotitic (+4.6‰ to +5.6‰) and eclogitic paragenesis (+5.7‰ to +8.0‰). The mean δ18O composition of olivine inclusions is indistinguishable from that of typical peridotitic mantle (5.25 ± 0.22‰) whereas syngenetic purple garnet inclusions possess relatively low δ18O values (5.00 ± 0.33‰). Reversed oxygen isotope fractionation between olivine and garnet in both diamond inclusions and diamondiferous peridotite xenoliths suggests that garnet preserves subtle isotopic disequilibrium related to genesis of Cr-rich garnet and/or exchange with the diamond-forming fluid. Garnet in eclogite xenoliths in kimberlite show a range of δ18O values from +2.3‰ to +7.3‰ but garnets in diamondiferous eclogites and as inclusions in diamond all have values >4.7‰.  相似文献   

13.
Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Sputnik kimberlite pipe, Yakutia   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
The Sputnik kimberlite pipe is a small “satellite” of the larger Mir pipe in central Yakutia (Sakha), Russia. Study of 38 large diamonds (0.7-4.9 carats) showed that nine contain inclusions of the eclogitic paragenesis, while the remainder contain inclusions of the peridotitic paragenesis, or of uncertain paragenesis. The peridotitic inclusion suite comprises olivine, enstatite, Cr-diopside, chromite, Cr-pyrope garnet (both lherzolitic and harzburgitic), ilmenite, Ni-rich sulfide and a Ti-Cr-Fe-Mg-Sr-K phase of the lindsleyite-mathiasite (LIMA) series. The eclogitic inclusion suite comprises omphacite, garnet, Ni-poor sulfide, phlogopite and rutile. Peridotitic ilmenite inclusions have high Mg, Cr and Ni contents and high Nb/Zr ratios; they may be related to metasomatic ilmenites known from peridotite xenoliths in kimberlite. Eclogitic phlogopite is intergrown with omphacite, coexists with garnet, and has an unusually high TiO2 content. Comparison with inclusions in diamonds from Mir shows general similarities, but differences in details of trace-element patterns. Large compositional variations among inclusions of one phase (olivine, garnet, chromite) within single diamonds indicate that the chemical environment of diamond crystallisation changed rapidly relative to diamond growth rates in many cases. P-T conditions of formation were calculated from multiphase inclusions and from trace element geothermobarometry of single inclusions. The geotherm at the time of diamond formation was near a 35 mW/m2 conductive model; that is indistinguishable from the Paleozoic geotherm derived by studies of xenoliths and concentrate minerals from Mir. A range of Ni temperatures between garnet inclusions in single diamonds from both Mir and Sputnik suggests that many of the diamonds grew during thermal events affecting a relatively narrow depth range of the lithosphere, within the diamond stability field. The minor differences between inclusions in Mir and Sputnik may reflect lateral heterogeneity in the upper mantle.  相似文献   

14.
四川盆地东南地区林1井灯影组鞍形白云石成因及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对四川盆地东南地区林1井上震旦统灯影组鞍形白云石的岩相学特征和碳、氧、锶同位素特征及流体包裹体成分与温度进行研究,认为它属热液成因。研究区热液活动在岩相学上表现为充填状鞍形白云石,发育鞍形白云石线状充填晶洞。鞍形白云石共生矿物包括石英、沥青等。鞍形白云石δ18O值和δ13C值异常偏负,87Sr/86Sr值异常偏高,与围岩差异明显。鞍形白云石原生流体包裹体均一温度为270～320℃,明显超过了该井最高埋藏温度;流体包裹体的气相部分以CO2、CH4和N2为主,液相部分以H2O和CO2为主。这些特征表明,形成鞍形白云石的流体来自于基底的热液,灯影组白云岩受热液溶蚀改造而发育热液改造型白云岩储层,并有过油气成藏过程。  相似文献   

15.
The garnet nodules from the enrichment concentrate of the Mir kimberlite pipe, which have different saturation levels of regularly oriented mineral and primary polyphase fluid inclusions, are investigated. The garnets that contain inclusions are classified in the grossular-almandine-pyrope series and are usually characterized by an increased content of Si, Mg, Al, and the absence of Fe3+. The polyphase fluid inclusions are studied using IR-Fourier- and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, H2O and CO2 is established in their structure, which indicates the hydrocarbon specific character of fluids that participate in the processes of deep mineral formation.  相似文献   

16.
The carbon isotopic composition of CO2 inclusions trapped in minerals reflects the origin and evolution of CO2-bearing fluids and melts, and records the multiple-stages carbon geodynamic cycle, as CO2 took part in various geological processes widely. However, the practical method for determination isotope composition of individual CO2 inclusion is still lacking. Developing a microanalytical technique with spatial resolution in micrometers to precisely determinate the δ13C value of individual CO2 inclusion, will make it possible to analyze a tiny portion of a zoning mineral crystal, distinguish the differences in micro-scale, and possible to find many useful information that could not be obtained with the bulk extraction and analysis techniques. In this study, we systematically collected Raman spectra of CO2 standards with different δ13C values (?34.9 ‰ to 3.58 ‰) at 32.0 °C and from ～7.0 MPa to 120.0 MPa, and developed a new procedure to precisely determinate the δ13C value of individual CO2 inclusion. We investigated the relationship among the Raman peak intensity ratio, δ13C value, and CO2 density, and established a calibration model with high accuracy (0.5 ‰?1.5 ‰), sufficient for geological application to distinguish different source of CO2 with varying δ13CO2. As a demonstration, we measured the δ13C values and the density of CO2 inclusions in the growth zones of alkali basalt-hosted corundum megacrysts from Changle, Shandong Province. We found the significant differences of density and δ13C between the CO2 inclusions in the core of corundum and those inclusions in the outer growth zones, the δ13C value decreases from core to rim with decreasing density: δ13C values are from ?7.5 ‰ to ?9.2 ‰ for the inclusions in the core, indicating the corundum core was crystallized from mantle-derived magmas; from ?13.5 ‰ to ?18.5 ‰ for CO2 inclusions in zone 1 and from ?16.5 ‰ to –22.0 ‰ for inclusions in zone 2, indicating the outer zones of corundum grew in a low δ13C value environment, resulted from an infilling of low δ13C value fluid and/or degassing of the ascending basaltic magma.  相似文献   

17.
兰坪盆地贱金属矿床是一套独特的受逆冲推覆构造系统控制的矿床类型,连城Cu-Mo多金属矿床是其重要组成部分。成矿过程包括早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐组合为标志。矿区不同阶段石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,可分为水溶液包裹体(A型)、纯CO2包裹体(C型)、CO2-H2O包裹体(B型)三类。早、中阶段主要发育B型和A型包裹体,均一温度集中在177～346℃,流体盐度介于1%～22%NaCleqv之间,密度介于0.67～1.04g/cm3;晚阶段主要发育A型包裹体,均一温度为121～185℃,流体盐度介于1%～9%NaCleqv之间。发育在早、中阶段的B型和C型流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2,含有少量的CH4。成矿压力为50～160MPa,成矿深度为5～5.9km。矿区不同阶段矿石氧同位素组成总体变化较小(5.5‰～8.6‰),氢同位素变化较大(-56‰～-109‰),碳同位素组成变化为-3.4‰～-8.1‰,表明成矿流体可能以岩浆源为主,并伴有大气降水的参与。综合对比研究认为,65Ma左右印度-亚洲大陆发生对接碰撞,由此诱发的岩浆热液作用可能导致了连城Cu-Mo多金属矿床形成。温度的降低和流体的不混溶是导致钼等成矿元素沉淀和富集的重要机制。  相似文献   

18.
Microdiamond and graphite occur in quartzofeldspathic rocks (saidenbachites) of the central Erzgebirge in Saxony. Zircon from such rocks contains not only relatively high but also variable amounts of early formed graphite and later crystallized diamond, however no carbonate. Six purified zircon concentrates were analysed by mass spectrometry for δ13C(PDB) values which were between −24 and −33‰. The carbon inclusions resulted in C contents of the concentrates as high as 0.5 wt%. It is hypothesized that the observed δ13C signature results from organic material in the sedimentary protoliths of the saidenbachites probably deposited not earlier than Mid‐Devonian. This material was transformed to graphite during early metamorphism and subsequently to diamond after an anatectic event at great depths (>150 km). During these processes, the δ13C signature of the carbon did not (significantly) change.  相似文献   

19.
We studied calcite and rhodochrosite from exploratory drill cores (TH‐4 and TH‐6) near the Toyoha deposit, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan, from the aspect of stable isotope geochemistry, together with measuring the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. The alteration observed in the drill cores is classified into four zones: ore mineralized zone, mixed‐layer minerals zone, kaolin minerals zone, and propylitic zone. Calcite is widespread in all the zones except for the kaolin minerals zone. The occurrence of rhodochrosite is restricted in the ore mineralized zone associated with Fe, Mn‐rich chlorite and sulfides, the mineral assemblage of which is basically equivalent to that in the Toyoha veins. The measured δ18OSMOW and δ13CPDB values of calcite scatter in the relatively narrow ranges from ?2 to 5‰ and from ?9 to ?5‰, respectively; those of rhodochrosite from 3 to 9‰ and from ?9 to ?5‰, excluding some data with large deviations. The variation of the isotopic compositions with temperature and depth could be explained by a mixing process between a heated surface meteoric water (100°C δ18O =?12‰, δ13C =?10‰) and a deep high temperature water (300°C, δ18O =?5‰, δ13C =?4‰). Boiling was less effective in isotopic fractionation than that of mixing. The plots of δ18O and δ13C indicate that the carbonates precipitated from H2CO3‐dominated fluids under the conditions of pH = 6–7 and T = 200–300°C. The sequential precipitation from calcite to rhodochrosite in a vein brought about the disequilibrium isotopic fractionation between the two minerals. The hydrothermal fluids circulated during the precipitation of carbonates in TH‐4 and TH‐6 are similar in origin to the ore‐forming fluids pertaining to the formation of veins in the Toyoha deposit.  相似文献   

20.
鄂尔多斯盆地上、下古生界地层包裹体气体与气藏中气体地球化学性质对比表明:上古生界气藏中气体与包裹体中气体地球化学性质相似,气藏中气体的地球化学性质能代表成藏初期气体的原始特征;而下古生界气藏中气体与包裹体中气体的地球化学性质差别很大,下古生界气藏中的气体与下古生界源岩模拟生成气体也有非常大的差别。因此,下古生界气藏中的气体不能代表来自下古生界源岩产生天然气。结合前人关于奥陶系源岩的模拟生成天然气、包裹体中气体以及靖边气田天然气的地球化学特征,提出来源于奥陶系的天然气应具有δ13C1<-38‰、δ13C2<-28‰的特征。下古生界地层包裹体中气体与气藏中气体地球化学性质对比表明,下古生界气田天然气乙烷碳同位素的变化范围也比甲烷碳同位素的变化范围大很多,乙烷碳同位素不适合作为判断靖边气田天然气来源的标准。在此基础上,以上古生界天然气甲烷碳同位素的平均值(-32.90‰)与下古生界δ13C1<-38‰天然气甲烷碳同位素的平均值(-39.04‰)分别作为上、下古生界来源天然气甲烷碳同位素的界限值,通过简单计算认为靖边气田大约85%的天然气来源于上古生界煤系。  相似文献   

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