共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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碳酸盐岩沉积物记录了环境演变、古气候变迁以及后期成岩环境等重要的指示信息,同时碳酸盐岩也是重要的油气地质储集体,因而受到人们的普遍关注。碳酸盐岩不整合暴露面通常发育3层结构:风化土壤层带、半风化岩石带、原岩带。相比而言,半风化岩石带碳酸盐岩成岩作用比碎屑岩更为复杂,尤其是沉积物埋藏后的抬升,使之再次暴露,导致碳酸盐岩形成复杂的成岩响应。系统总结了碳酸盐岩埋藏后的抬升暴露所形成的与古暴露面相关的成岩现象,分别从风化带古土壤、半风化带与暴露面相关的成岩结核、古岩溶以及角砾岩化等方面阐述了与古暴露面相关的标志特征及其形成机制,从而为碳酸盐岩中古暴露面的识别提供充足的地质依据。 相似文献
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关中盆地渭南地区十五万年来的黄土剖面记载了６个大的成壤期。本文对古土壤形成时的古环境进行了解译，并对它们在不同分类系统中的位置进行评价。全新世土壤Ｓ０是联合国土壤分类中的淋溶湿草原土。马兰黄土中包含两层古土壤，属典型黑钙土。Ｓ１古土壤由三层土壤复合组成，从上到下依次为典型黑钙土、淋溶湿草原土和深色淋溶土。成壤期与全球冰量较小的时期相对应，但古土壤的类型及发育程度与深海氧同位素所推测的全球冰量的变化有很大的不一致性，相反许多方面与北半球夏季太阳辐射的变化有较大的可比性。 相似文献
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西峰和西安黄土中盐碱化古土壤气候意义的初步探讨 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：9
对西峰和西安黄土剖面中古土壤的研究揭示出,作为重要气候地层标志的S4和S5古土壤竟有盐化和碱化现象。盐碱化特性直接关系到如何认识这些古土壤的气候意义。土壤化学、微形态及粘土矿物分析表明,上述古土壤以草原土特征为主,并在气候最宜期发育了森林植被。盐碱化特性并非产生于土壤被埋藏以后,而是古土壤发育末期的产物。该时期大气粉尘堆积似乎是可溶盐的来源。 相似文献
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古土壤记录了丰富的古气候和古环境信息,然而古土壤受后期地质作用影响常不易被正确地识别。甘肃张掖彩丘是白垩纪早期发育的彩色地层,目前详细的地层序列尚未建立。张掖彩丘表现为红色、黄色、灰色、紫色等多种颜色交替变化,通常被认为是河湖相沉积或洪积相沉积,然而野外考察发现大量的古土壤特征。野外观察识别古土壤主要从根迹、土壤结构和土壤发生层等方面,主要表现为红色根迹或青灰色晕状根迹,半干旱环境下形成的钙质淀积层,土壤在干湿交替环境下形成的粘土滑擦面,土壤发生层之间的过渡边界。本文通过对张掖彩丘地层的系统考察,建立了较为详细的厚760 m的地层序列,根据古土壤的发育特征,识别出14种不同类型的古土壤,整个彩丘地层共计156个古土壤剖面,是独特的古土壤序列。14种古土壤类型与现代土壤类型对照,并与国际土壤分类对比,类比的现代土壤类型主要出现在南亚的亚热带或热带气候条件,说明白垩纪早期比现在更为温暖。根据古土壤发育程度序列,结合古土壤特征和地层特点,将古气候变化分成4个阶段,依次是湿润(0~268 m)、半干旱(268~550 m)、湿润(550~740 m)、干旱(740~760 m)阶段。张掖彩丘古土壤的系统识别和发育程度序列的建立为进一步古气候研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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古土壤蕴涵着古老时期的大气氧、二氧化碳以及生态植被的演化信息 ,利用有效的手段提取这些信息并据此推测古气候环境。在贵州省的遵义苟江、道真县、正安县等地发现了保存完好的石炭纪早期的古土壤剖面 ,为恢复该地质时期云贵高原的大气氧演化、二氧化碳浓度与生态植被提供了天然的现场条件。 相似文献
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土壤是气候变化的长期记录者 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
气候是土壤形成的要素之一。反过来,从土壤及其风化壳可论证气候变迁。中国南方的红色风化壳是第四纪形成物。其上均质红色风化壳及红壤是晚更新世形成物,延续至今,而澳大利亚、非洲大陆红色风化壳是在第三纪的古陆上形成的,但现代土壤不少是气候变干旱后形成的。北欧、北美是12000a B.P.才从冰川下裸露成陆,形成了灰化土、泥炭土等。黄土层、火山灰下埋藏了多层古土壤,记录了第四纪气候的变迁。 相似文献
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长江三角洲晚第四纪古土壤与古环境初探 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
长江三角洲地区第一硬粘土层中有植物根、植屑、裂隙、粘粒胶膜、土壤结构体、结核等古土壤特征，系古土壤。料度，化学分析及磁组构分析揭示它为多期成土作用形成的揽合古土壤层。根据硬粘土层与南京下蜀土，黄土高原黄土－古土壤系列及上海亚近代潮坪沉积的磁性参数对比，推断该古土壤的母系系河流冲积物。 相似文献
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对各种古土壤的分类标准进行比较之后,重点介绍了Mack的古土壤分类及其土壤的演变序列。Mack的古土壤分类主要依据稳定矿物和保存在土壤中的古地貌属性,将古土壤划分为9种。在地层序列中古土壤的识别标志主要包括颜色、粒度、生物成因构造（植物生长痕迹）、原生沉积构造退化特征、层次化和边界特征、宏观结构特征、矿物及地球化学特征等。可以通过野外观察、室内显微镜观察、实验室化验及地震、测井资料来进行鉴别。陆相盆地具有很强的分隔性,盆地相变又非常复杂,寻找区域性较稳定的层序界面比较困难。越来越多的研究证实用古土壤划分陆相成因地层层序、解决地区及全球对比具有重要的实用价值。 相似文献
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古土壤是地质历史时期气候变化的重要记录者,通过古土壤记录的信息,可以定性和定量重建深时古环境和古气候,为认识地质历史时期的各种地质事件提供依据。前人大多对特定区域展开古土壤研究,对全球性古土壤数据的整理和古气候、古环境研究相对较少。基于古土壤的干湿情况对古气候环境的指示作用,我们按照植物根迹、根系结构与根化石、黏土矿物以及古土壤的结构构造等依据,将前人报道的古生代(410～255 Ma)古土壤分为干旱古土壤和湿润古土壤两种类型。将古土壤干湿特征与其他气候敏感性沉积物进行对照,显示为干旱古土壤分布与钙质结核以及蒸发岩等指示干旱气候带的敏感性沉积物分布一致,湿润古土壤分布与高岭石、煤以及铝土矿等指示湿润气候带的敏感性沉积物分布一致。干旱古土壤大都分布在晚古生代中低纬度干旱地区;湿润古土壤大都分布在晚古生代赤道附近及中纬度湿润地区。通过以上分析认为,古土壤干湿特征可以作为一个新的气候敏感指标指示古气候环境,进而作为划分气候带的有力依据。 相似文献
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古土壤是古代沉积环境和气候变化的灵敏记录者,可以为深刻认识地球演化历史中的重要地质事件提供有效信息,并成为当前沉积学领域的研究热点之一。国外古土壤研究已经涉及到太古代以来的几乎所有沉积地层,而国内古土壤的研究仍以第四纪地层为主,对前第四纪漫长地质时期地层记录中的古土壤研究较少。基于古土壤的识别特征及其埋藏后发生的可能变化,分析了古土壤在沉积环境解释和地层划分对比中的作用。其中,古土壤钙积层发育深度、元素地球化学、成土碳酸盐岩稳定同位素等对于合理评价成土作用过程、划分成土相及定量恢复古气候（年均降水量、年均气温和pCO2）等方面的研究发展迅速,不同估算古气候参数的经验公式都有明显的适用性特点。近年来,国内学者对松辽、四川、胶莱盆地等的白垩系古土壤进行了很多调查研究,并取得了较好的研究成果。而包括江西、广东、浙江等在内的中国东南地区白垩系陆相红层研究结果显示,这些地层含有丰富的古土壤,总体为地表干旱氧化条件下形成的红色古土壤序列。通过对国际古土壤研究动态的综述,以期引起国内更多沉积学工作者关注前第四纪地层记录中的古土壤,为更好地认识古代地球环境变化做出更大贡献。 相似文献
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Holocene loess deposition and soil formation as competing processes, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Although loess–paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after 6500 14C yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of 40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10–25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance downwind from the source, where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation. 相似文献
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Full-glacial paleosols in perennially frozen loess sequences, Klondike goldfields, Yukon Territory, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Perennially frozen loess deposits in the Klondike goldfields include paleosols formed in full-glacial environments, correlated by Alaskan distal tephra with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 4. Patterns of organic and inorganic carbon and clay distribution, microstructures, and profile morphologies indicate that soil formation occurred in a base-rich environment in which organic matter accreted predominantly as root detritus. At sites approximately 20 km apart, the expression of cryoturbation and ice wedge development decreases in strength upward in loess-paleosol sequences correlated with MIS 4, suggesting increasing aridity. Configurations of cryoturbation features and ice-wedge thaw unconformities, the presence of numerous ground squirrel burrows, and an absence of peat accumulation suggest that these substrates were predominantly well-drained, with active layers of equal or greater thickness than in modern soils on similar sites in the west-central Yukon. Some characteristics of these paleosols are similar to those of modern steppe and tundra soils, consistent with plant macrofossil evidence for local ecological diversity during full-glacial conditions in eastern Beringia. 相似文献
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Abundant Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian–Hauterivian) paleosols have been recognized in the Sichuan Basin, along with the preserved pedogenetic features, e.g., soil horizons, soil structure, root traces and pedogenic nodules. Chemical, geochemical and mineralogical analyses were used to examine the paleosols. These paleosols were classified as Entisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols and Alfisols in terms of the modern soil taxonomic system. Early Cretaceous paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature in the Sichuan Basin were estimated from the degree of chemical weathering for non-calcareous paleosols, and from the depth to the calcic horizon and stable oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates in calcareous paleosols, respectively. A temperate semi-arid climate generally prevailed in the Sichuan Basin as a part of the South China Block (SCB) and was controlled by subtropical high-pressure and a rain-shadow effect because the humid air masses from the Paleo-Pacific were impeded by the highlands of the South China Block. Further, several intervals of sub-humid paleoclimate occurred due to strengthened monsoonal circulation in the Early Cretaceous. Using the paleosol barometer, the paleoatmospheric CO2 levels of the Early Cretaceous are estimated to range from ∼120 to ∼520 ppmv, with a mean of 305 ppmv. Regional temperature is generally coupled with atmospheric CO2 concentration and is roughly consistent with the sea level fluctuation. 相似文献
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土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素古环境意义及应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素特征是反映古气候与古环境的重要代用指标,其碳氧稳定同位素组成分别受土壤CO2中C同位素组成和大气水的O同位素控制。在一定深度的土壤中,土壤次生碳酸盐δ^13C就主要受当地植物类型(C3植物和C4植物等)控制。土壤次生碳酸盐样预处理中剔除土壤中原生碳酸盐以及有机物污染尤为重要。土壤中次生碳酸盐C、O稳定同位素地球化学在土壤发生学、古气候恢复、古生态重建以及全球变化研究中应用日益广泛,但解译时可能受应用年代范围、成岩作用、原生和次生碳酸盐混杂、土壤碳酸盐多元发生等因素影响,其应用机理和范围还需进一步探讨。 相似文献
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M. J. OrgeIra A. M. Walther C. A. Vsquez I. Di Tommaso S. Alonso G. Sherwood Hu Yuguan J. F. A. Vilas 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》1998,11(6):561-570
Environmental magnetic techniques were applied to a loess–paleosol sequence of the Chacopampean plain (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Mineral magnetic carriers and their grain size were identified in order to detect magnetic mineral fluctuations associated with climatic changes. Multidomain magnetite of detrital origin dominates the record. In paleosols, a high coercivity fraction was identified. Horizons with no visual evidence of pedogenesis, but showing magnetic behavior analogous to that of paleosols were observed and are thought to represent environmental conditions similar to those prevailing during paleosol formation.The results suggest that the magnetic signal yielded by paleosols in these South American loess deposits is different from that in the Chinese loess. This may be due to differences in parent materials, diagenetic processes and/or differences in paleoclimatic conditions in both regions. 相似文献
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GERALD OSBORN ERIC T. KARLSTROM 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1989,18(4):311-322
Sequences of tills, buried paleosols, wood and tephra in lateral moraines provide a record of Holocene advances and retreats of the Bugaboo Glacier in British Columbia. The oldest paleosol is tentatively classified as a Spodosol (Cryorthod). It incorporates Mazama tephra (6,800 B.P.) and charcoal and humus dated at 3,390 and 4.400B.P., respectively, and records early and middle Holocene warming and/or drying. This paleosol overliesa latest Pleistocene or early Holocene till associated with a nearby end moraine and assigned to the regionally known 'Crowfoot Advance'. Less-developed paleosols (Cryumbrepts) are formed on Neoglacial tills deposited shortly before 3,000 B. P., between c. 2,500 to 1,900 B. P., and between c. 900 B.P. and the 19th century. The paleosols and surface soils form microcatenas with morphological variations due to differences in original topography and vegetation. The chronology derived from these paleosols and tills generally agrees with, but increases the resolution of, what is known of Holocene glacier histories in the Canadian Cordillera. 相似文献
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The field properties, micromorphology, grain-size, geochemistry, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of two late Quaternary sections have been used to reconstruct the sequence of pedosedimentary processes and to provide insights into landscape evolution in part of the Northern Pampa of Argentina. Paleosols developed in paludal sediments adjacent to the Paraná river at Baradero and in loess at Lozada can both be correlated and linked to other sites, thus enabling for the first time the tentative recognition and tracing of a diachronous soil stratigraphic unit that probably spans the equivalent of at least part of marine oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5. The paleosol at Lozada was truncated and buried beneath fluvial sediments during the time span of OIS 4 and 3. Eolian gradually replaced paludal inputs at Baradero over this period, and there were also two clearly defined breaks in sedimentation and development of paleosols. The period corresponding to OIS 2 was marked by significant loess accumulation at both sites with accretion continuing into the mid-Holocene only at Lozada. The more developed nature of the surface soil at Baradero probably reflects a combination of a moister climate and a longer soil-forming interval. 相似文献