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1.
关于青藏高原和周边山地第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应存在不同观点.一些学者认为老冰期主要发生在氧同位素奇数阶段;MIS 3和早全新世存在规模较大的冰川前进;南亚季风对青藏高原冰川作用起主导作用(水汽驱动).另一些学者则认为青藏高原冰川作用主要对应于氧同位素偶数阶段;冰川发育是构造隆升-冰期气候耦合的产物(低温驱动).本文基于现有的陆地生成宇宙核素(TCN)和光释光(OSL)等年代结果总结了不同时间尺度和不同类型冰川波动与气候变化历史的对比,并对几个关键的争议问题做了讨论.结果表明,在不同类型冰川区和不同时间尺度下,冰川作用在湿润期和低温期都有可能发生,但总体上主要与低温相对应.青藏高原冰川对气温的响应似乎更为敏感.MIS 3冰进规模较大可能是降水较多结合冷期(或冷事件)降温所致,显示了印度季风降水和气温波动对高原冰川的共同作用.早全新世冰进也与印度季风和北半球冷事件关系密切.目前的测年数据还没有推翻“冰期发生在氧同位素偶数阶段”这种传统认识.当前急需更多精确的数字定年工作,以不断更新对青藏高原冰期时代及其气候响应机制的了解.  相似文献   

2.
通常认为青藏高原东南部第四纪曾发育过一个冰帽——稻城冰帽,然而关于这个冰帽发育的年代和变化的过程,还缺乏足够的年代数据的支撑.本文选自稻城第四纪古冰帽南缘雄古附近的冰碛垄、冰碛台地、羊背石和冰川漂砾进行了宇生核素10Be和26Al暴露年代测定.结果显示,稻城古冰帽南缘至少发生过5次冰川前进事件,每次冰川前进到达最大规模的时间分别为19.0±0.7 ~ 19.8±0.7kaB.P.,25.8±0.6~27.4±0.7kaB.P.,52.5±0.9~59.6±1.1kaB.P.,162.2±2.7 ~287.4±9.9kaB.P.和大于480.2±2.2kaB.P..根据年龄数据以及空间位置关系的分析,稻城古冰帽很可能形成于约800~ 600kaB.P.之间,此后冰川的规模呈现出随着时间不断缩小的趋势,可能与该区气候的变干有关.MIS 3的冰川规模比MIS 2大,可能与MIS 3时期气候比MIS 2相对湿润有关.  相似文献   

3.
西藏东南部末次冰期早阶段冰川作用及其古气候意义   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
西藏东南部的“古乡冰期”和“白玉冰期”是划分中国第四纪冰期的蓝本。其中,白玉冰期即末次冰期,分为早阶段和晚阶段,相对应的冰川沉积广泛分布于本区的波堆藏布谷地。已有的冰川数值年代结果显示,末次冰期晚阶段的冰川作用发生于海洋氧同位素阶段(MIS)2。然而,关于早阶段的冰进记录,目前却未有确切的年代学证据,此次冰川作用究竟发生于MIS 4还是MIS 3,是一个悬而未决的问题。在前人研究及野外地貌调查的基础上,运用光释光测年手段对波堆藏布谷地疑似形成于末次冰期早阶段的冰碛垄进行测年,年代结果介于(56.4±4.2)~(65.9±3.9) ka之间,相当于MIS 4。藏东南地区MIS 4冰期冰川作用年代与青藏高原及其周边山地具有可比性,表明该阶段冰川作用发生的普遍性。通过对比北半球低纬度地区夏季太阳辐射及亚洲季风区古气温与古降水指标记录,认为藏东南地区MIS 4冰期冰川作用可能是对北半球低纬度地区夏季太阳辐射减弱及气温下降的响应,与季风降水无关。  相似文献   

4.
张威  柴乐 《冰川冻土》2016,38(5):1281-1291
他念他翁山中段地处青藏高原东南部和云贵高原过渡地带,海拔4 200 m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹.对其进行深入研究,不仅可以重建横断山脉冰川作用的演化历史,还能够为青藏高原的隆升机制提供重要依据.采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年(ESR)相结合的方法,查明他念他翁山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点,并初步对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示,他念他翁山中段古冰川类型主要为山麓冰川、山谷冰川和冰斗冰川.晚第四纪以来至少经历了4次冰川作用,分别为倒数第二次冰期(MIS 6),年代为(192±51)~(207±45)ka;末次冰期中期(MIS 3),年代为(55±8)~(54±9)ka;末次冰盛期(MIS 2),年代为(25±1)~(38±6)ka,以及全新世新冰期/小冰期(MIS 1).  相似文献   

5.
滇西北山地末次冰期冰川发育及其基本特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张威  刘蓓蓓 《冰川冻土》2014,36(1):30-37
对滇西北海拔4 000~4 500 m 山地的第四纪冰川发育和平衡线高度进行了研究. 结果表明: 古冰川发育主要依托海拔4 000~4 300 m的夷平面,早中期发育小型的冰帽以及流入四周谷地的山谷冰川,晚期主要发育规模较小的冰斗冰川. 冰川主要发育期为末次冰期,古冰川平衡线、山体最高峰以及夷平面的高度显示,冰川发育所依托的夷平面在末次冰期时超过古平衡线,二者差值为50~400 m,为冰川发生提供了良好的地形与地势条件. 冰川规模演化表明,滇西北地区多处山地MIS 3中期的冰川规模大于末次冰盛期(LGM),可能与MIS 3中期较强南亚季风带来较丰富的降水有关. 古气候研究资料以及研究区的冰期系列表明,滇西北海拔4 000~4 500 m山地末次冰期的冰川作用是构造和气候相耦合的结果.  相似文献   

6.
稻城冰帽区更新世冰川测年研究   总被引:14,自引:6,他引:8  
通过ESR和14C测年对典型冰碛物进行直接和间接定年, 并结合冰碛地貌形态和位置, 确定稻城冰帽区自中更新世以来经历了6次较大规模的冰川前进, 依次与MIS-16、 MIS-6、 MIS-3中期、 MIS-2早期、全球意义上的末次盛冰期(MIS-2)和冰后期对应, 冰川作用规模基本上逐渐减小.最早、规模最大的冰川作用发生在570 ka BP前后, 意味着本段高原面在570 ka BP之前已进入了冰冻圈, 且自那时起, 该区经历了较大规模的抬升作用. 全新世到来之前, 稻城冰帽全部消失了, 它是一个随着气候冷暖波动逐渐后退的过程, 不是以死冰的方式突然消亡. 值得注意的是, 末次冰期大间冰阶中期(MIS-3b)的冰川前进规模超过了末次盛冰期(MIS-2), 表明末次冰期最盛期在全球范围内的不同步性. 其不同步的原因可能是: MIS-3中期, 北半球夏季太阳辐射相对较低, 但其海陆分布状况能够诱发较强的南亚夏季风, 它给以季风降水为主要补给的海洋性冰川区带来较多的降水, 结合该时段较低的温度, 有利于冰川较大规模前进; 末次盛冰期时, 气候严寒, 但夏季风微弱, 降水稀少, 冰川平衡线下降程度反而不及MIS-3b.  相似文献   

7.
中国西部山岳冰川MIS3b冰进的初步探讨   总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1  
对横断山的沙鲁里山、祁连山东段的冷龙岭、天山西段托木尔峰南麓的阿特奥依纳克河流域等3个地区7个研究点的第四纪冰川作用开展了深入研究,应用ESR测年技术在7个研究点特定的地貌部位共获得12个对应于MIS3(56~36 ka BP)的测年结果,且年龄基本上都对应于MIS3b(54~44 kaBP).结合已有的研究资料,并对MIS3气候特征进行综合分析,研究表明:MIS3强大的季风环流带来的丰富降水与MIS3b冷阶段的组合是川西高原的沙鲁里山与祁连山东段冷龙岭MIS3b冰进的主要原因,而天山西段阿特奥依纳克河流域MIS3b冰进则是不稳定的西风波动带来的丰富降水所致.这3个地区沉积有该次冰进的冰碛物.  相似文献   

8.
野外调查表明, 喜马拉雅山脉东段的空布岗峰东麓晚第四纪期间至少发育了4套冰碛物. 初步的U系和热释光(TL)测年结果表明, 该区最早的冰川作用出现在MIS6(深海氧同位素阶段)之前, 并可能是该区规模最大的一次冰川作用过程. 最近一次显著的冰川作用出现在倒数第二次冰期, 其时代约为160.9~109.0 ka BP或略早, 大致对应MIS6, 其中至少包含了两个阶段. 最近的两次冰川作用分别发生于末次冰期和全新世期间, 其中包含了多个次一级的冰川波动.  相似文献   

9.
青海格尔木三岔河组年龄测定与昆仑古湖发育   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
文章主要研究和讨论青海省格尔木市昆仑河第五级阶地的三岔河组河湖相沉积,特别是其上部的一套典型的湖相沉积。根据野牛沟和纳赤台西北两剖面三岔河组沉积样品的ESR和U系法年龄测定结果,三岔河组堆积于约355~95kaB.P.间,而被称为昆仑古湖的湖相沉积大致开始于约 200~160kaB.P.(ESR)或约150kaB.P.(U系),结束于约 150~120kaB.P.(ESR)或约95kaB.P.(U系)左右,其中深湖时期约为190kaB.P.(ESR)或约110~100kaB.P.(U系)左右。此外,纳赤台东北昆仑河第三级阶地剖面上部的湖相沉积,则是约90(ESR)/72~25kaB.P.(U系)的末次冰期期间形成,可称为纳赤台古湖。根据昆仑古湖湖相沉积地层中的沉积构造和所发现的介形类化石,讨论了湖泊的沉积环境;根据区域对比,认为三岔河组发育于约355~95kaB.P.,而其中约120~95kaB.P.的末次间冰期的早中期则是昆仑古湖的发育时期与青藏高原的羌塘东湖等古大湖发育早期的最高湖面时期,而40~30kaB.P.的MIS3的后半段只是这些大湖分解过程中的一个阶段。  相似文献   

10.
龙门山古冰川作用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
汶川地震中央区域龙门山主山九顶山海拔4 984 m,山脊北坡有三处成排分布不少规模较小的冰斗-冰川谷地形,恢复当时雪线高度在4 100 m高度。根据其形态保存程度、古今雪线高度差等情况判断,应当是2阶段冰川作用遗存。据气温和降水资料,现在九顶山雪线高度在5 000 m,刚好超出九顶山顶部。故而九顶山3 800 m以上目前处于冰缘环境,石冰川、石环、融冻泥流等冰缘现象比较突出。九顶山不存在更老的冰川作用及其地貌遗存,是青藏高原以东5 000 m上下的高山只是在末次冰期时抬升跨越冰期雪线而发育冰川这一新观点的又一证据,也是青藏高原第四纪晚期剧烈抬升的又一证据。  相似文献   

11.
Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
中国第四纪冰期数值年表初步划分   总被引:16,自引:8,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
20世纪70年代以前,我国第四纪冰川冰期主要是根据第四纪冰川遗迹的侵蚀-沉积地貌特征和沉积物的物理化学风化程度的差异划分的相对年代;80~90年代开始有放射性碳和地衣法的测年;90年代以后,采用热释光和电子自旋共振技术测年,获得了我国第四纪冰川的一些数值年代,划分了5次冰期,其时代初步定为:小冰期Ⅲ(1871±20A.D.),小冰期Ⅱ(1777±20A.D.),小冰期Ⅰ(1528±20A.D.);新冰期Ⅲ(1550±70aB.P.,1580±60aB.P.),新冰期Ⅱ(2.8~2.5kaB.P.),新冰期Ⅰ(3.1kaB.P.);末次冰期Ⅳ(YD)(11.5~10.4kaB.P.),末次冰期Ⅲ(24~16kaB.P.),末次冰期Ⅱ(56~40kaB.P.),末次冰期Ⅰ(73~72kaB.P.);倒数第二冰期(相当于MIS6~10),Ⅲ阶段(154~136kaB.P.),Ⅱ阶段(277~266kaB.P.),Ⅰ阶段(333~316kaB.P.);倒数第三冰期(相当于MIS12~16),Ⅱ阶段(520~460kaB.P.),Ⅰ阶段(710~593kaB.P.)。未来的研究趋势是采用宇宙成因核素暴露年代方法和光释光技术在更大的空间尺度上对冰川地貌精细定年,分析第四纪冰川发育的空间差异和异时性机制。  相似文献   

13.
神农架天鹅洞石笋76~58 kaB.P.时段DO事件   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
据神农架高海拔天鹅洞一支石笋9个230Th年龄和332组氧、碳同位素数据,建立了76~58 kaB.P. Dansgaard Oeschger (DO)事件时间序列,揭示了深海氧同位素4阶段(MIS4)东亚季风降水百年尺度变化过程。天鹅洞和葫芦洞石笋、格陵兰NGRIP冰芯δ18O对比显示,天鹅洞记录DO18事件暖湿程度相当于深海氧同位素3阶段(MIS3)水平,其振幅类似于格陵兰冰芯δ18O记录。起始时间上,天鹅洞记录DO18事件在710年230Th测年误差范围内和葫芦洞记录保持一致,并支持了NGRIP冰芯记录对应时标。在全球降温背景下,如此典型DO事件指示了强季风降水过程。70 kaB.P.左右,冰芯DO19事件至少老于石笋记录约950年,远大于700年左右的230Th测年误差,对老于该时段的冰芯时标需高分辨率地质记录进一步验证。69.09~64.64 kaB.P.( DO19ˊ~18)期间,冰芯记录的百年尺度峰谷变化和天鹅洞石笋记录一一对应,反映了低纬热带海洋和北大西洋温盐环流之间耦合作用。  相似文献   

14.
Surface exposure dating has become a helpful tool for establishing numeric glacial chronologies, particularly in arid high-mountain regions where radiocarbon dating is challenging due to limited availability of organic material. This study presents 13 new 10Be surface exposure ages from the Kitschi-Kurumdu Valley in the At Bashi Range, Tien Shan. Three moraines were dated to ~ 15, 21 and > 56 ka, respectively, and corroborate previous findings that glacial extents in the Tien Shan during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 were limited compared to MIS 4. This likely documents increasingly arid conditions in Central Asia during the last glacial cycle. Morphological evidence in the Kitschi-Kurumdu Valley and a detailed review of existing numeric glacial chronologies from the Tien Shan indicate that remnants of the penultimate glaciation (MIS 6) are preserved, whereas evidence for MIS 5 glacier advances remains equivocal. Reviewed and recalculated exposure ages from the Pamir mountains, on the other hand, reveal extensive MIS 5 glacial extents that may indicate increased monsoonal precipitation. The preservation of MIS 3 moraines in the Tien Shan and the southern Pamir does not require any monsoonal influence and can be explained alternatively with increased precipitation via the westerlies.  相似文献   

15.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2005,24(12-13):1391-1411
Temporal and spatial changes in glacier cover throughout the Late Quaternary in Tibet and the bordering mountains are poorly defined because of the inaccessibility and vastness of the region, and the lack of numerical dating. To help reconstruct the timing and extent of glaciation throughout Tibet and the bordering mountains, we use geomorphic mapping and 10Be cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface dating in study areas in southeastern (Gonga Shan), southern (Karola Pass) and central (Western Nyainqentanggulha Shan and Tanggula Shan) Tibet, and we compare these with recently determined numerical chronologies in other parts of the plateau and its borderlands. Each of the study regions receives its precipitation mainly during the south Asian summer monsoon when it falls as snow at high altitudes. Gonga Shan receives the most precipitation (>2000 mm a−1) while, near the margins of monsoon influence, the Karola Pass receives moderate amounts of precipitation (500–600 mm a−1) and, in the interior of the plateau, little precipitation falls on the western Nyainqentanggulha Shan (∼300 mm a−1) and the Tanggula Shan (400–700 mm a−1). The higher precipitation values for the Tanggula Shan are due to strong orographic effects. In each region, at least three sets of moraines and associated landforms are preserved, providing evidence for multiple glaciations. The 10Be CRN surface exposure dating shows that the formation of moraines in Gonga Shan occurred during the early–mid Holocene, Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, on the Karola Pass during the Lateglacial, Early Holocene and Neoglacial, in the Nyainqentanggulha Shan date during the early part of the last glacial cycle, global Last Glacial Maximum and Lateglacial, and on the Tanggula Shan during the penultimate glacial cycle and the early part of the last glacial cycle. The oldest moraine succession in each of these regions varies from the early Holocene (Gonga Shan), Lateglacial (Karola Pass), early Last Glacial (western Nyainqentanggulha Shan), and penultimate glacial cycle (Tanggula Shan). We believe that the regional patterns and timing of glaciation reflect temporal and spatial variability in the south Asian monsoon and, in particular, in regional precipitation gradients. In zones of greater aridity, the extent of glaciation has become increasingly restricted throughout the Late Quaternary leading to the preservation of old (≫100 ka) glacial landforms. In contrast, in regions that are very strongly influenced by the monsoon (≫1600 mm a−1), the preservation potential of pre-Lateglacial moraine successions is generally extremely poor. This is possibly because Lateglacial and Holocene glacial advances may have been more extensive than early glaciations and hence may have destroyed any landform or sedimentary evidence of earlier glaciations. Furthermore, the intense denudation, mainly by fluvial and mass movement processes, which characterize these wetter environments, results in rapid erosion and re-sedimentation of glacial and associated landforms, which also contributes to their poor preservation potential.  相似文献   

16.
The Burhan Budai Shan in NE Tibet represents a key location for examining the variable influence of the mid‐latitude westerly and monsoonal circulations on late Quaternary glaciations in this sector of the Tibetan Plateau. Our study investigates the glacial history of mountains near Lake Donggi Cona (35°17′N, 98°33′E) using field mapping in combination with 10Be surface exposure dating and numerical reconstructions of former glacial equilibrium line altitudes (palaeo‐ELA). A set of 23 new exposure ages, collected from moraines in four glacial valleys, ranges from 45 to 190 ka, indicating ice expansion during the early and middle part of the last glacial cycle, and during the penultimate and possibly an earlier Mid‐Pleistocene glaciation. Ice advances reaching 12–15 km in length occurred at around 190–180 ka (≥MIS 6), between 140–100 ka (late MIS 6/MIS 5), and 90–65 ka (late MIS 5/early MIS 4), with a maximum ELA depression of 400–500 m below the estimated modern snowline. Exposure ages from the valley headwaters further indicate a small glaciation between c. 60–50 ka (late MIS 4/early MIS 3), which was essentially restricted to the cirque areas. Significantly, we find no evidence for any subsequent glaciation in the area during MIS 2 or the Holocene period. These results indicate a diminishing trend of glaciation in the region since at least MIS 4, and corroborate the case of a ‘missing LGM’ in the more interior parts of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The emerging pattern suggests that the most favourable conditions for glaciation during the Late Pleistocene correspond to periods of relatively moderate cooling combined with an intermediate or rising East Asian monsoon strength.  相似文献   

17.
南海的氧同位素3期   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以南海北、西、南部3个沉积速率相对较高而且连续的沉积柱状样MD2904,MD2901和MD2897为基础,通过粒度、碳酸盐、有机地球化学和元素分析,并综合前人研究成果,对南海MIS3期进行探讨。结果显示,南海MIS3是末次冰期中的弱暖期,海水表层古温度比相邻的MIS2和MIS4期略高,但是明显比MIS1和MIS5期低。MIS3的最大特点就在于其气候的不稳定性,发生了多次气候快速变化事件。在格陵兰冰芯中记录的千年尺度快速气候变化事件(D/O事件和Heinrich事件)基本上在南海北、西、南部都有响应,具有与全球同步的特征。南海MIS3古生产力都显示出较高的特点,这与东亚季风有着密切的关系,北部主要受冬季风影响,西部和南部主要受夏季风影响。南海南部MIS3表现出比MIS5更高的古生产力和更强的夏季风强度,这一特点有待更进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

18.
南海北部氧同位素3期时上部海水结构的变化*   总被引:3,自引:10,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
南海北部海水物理化学性质不但受东亚季风的影响,还受到珠江陆源输入的影响。文章根据对南海北部ODP 1144站浮游有孔虫属种组合变化和氧同位素分析,以及浮游有孔虫表层海水温度转换函数的研究结果表明:南海北部MIS 3期的表层海水温度在H2~H6事件时明显降低,并在H4~H5(45.66~38.77kaB.P.) 期间,表层海水冬季温度变化频繁,且幅度较大。35~29kaB.P. ,浮游有孔虫暖水种含量减少,浮游有孔虫氧同位素值增重,同时高生产力属种Neogloboquadrina dutertrei的含量增加,说明冬季风在该阶段强化。此外,52~46kaB.P.期间,N.dutertrei含量增加,浮游有孔虫氧同位素较低,表层海水温度没有明显的变化,所以此时南海北部的高生产力可能与珠江陆源输入的增加有关,指示东亚夏季风的加强。  相似文献   

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