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1.
随着我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施,一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井将陆续关停废弃。废弃矿井仍赋存着大量的煤层气资源,其开发利用是实现煤炭产业清洁安全高效低碳发展、促进煤矿安全生产、优化能源结构、实现温室气体减排等方面的重要举措。基于山西省煤基重点科技攻关(煤层气产业链)项目相关研究,系统阐述了废弃矿井煤层气开发面临着资源量评价不准、钻进体系不健全、井上下联合缺失等关键问题。针对这些问题提出以下几点对策:废弃矿井精准地质探测是采空区地面钻井轨迹设计的重要依据,尤其是炮采等落后采煤工艺的废弃矿井,地球物理勘探精度应达到米级才能有效降低钻遇煤柱风险;优选废弃矿井煤层气地面“L”型钻井思路,即选采空区周边一定距离的保安煤柱作为L型井位,并配套特殊钻进工艺;煤矿企业应将废弃矿井资源开发利用纳入煤矿全生命周期规划,尤其是矿井废弃前应确保煤层气抽采通道畅通,以实现煤层气井“一井多用”的新型井上下联合开采模式,提高废弃矿井煤层气开发效率;采用防回火、各种传感器等装置,并对关键参数设置自动报警停机界限值,从而使废弃矿井煤层气地面开采工艺安全、高效;对不同浓度废弃矿井煤层气,需要采取相应的梯级利用模式,从而提高整体开发利用价值。以山西省废弃矿井为示范区,研究认识对推动全国煤矿区废弃矿井煤层气开发利用具有重要的指导和示范意义。   相似文献   

2.
Coalbed methane: From hazard to resource   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Coalbed gas, which mainly consists of methane, has remained a major hazard affecting safety and productivity in underground coal mines for more than 100 years. Coalbed gas emissions have resulted in outbursts and explosions where ignited by open lights, smoking or improper use of black blasting powder, and machinery operations. Investigations of coal gas outbursts and explosions during the past century were aimed at predicting and preventing this mine hazard. During this time, gas emissions were diluted with ventilation by airways (e.g., tunnels, vertical and horizontal drillholes, shafts) and by drainage boreholes. The 1970's ‘energy crisis' led to studies of the feasibility of producing the gas for commercial use. Subsequent research on the origin, accumulation, distribution, availability, and recoverability has been pursued vigorously during the past two decades. Since the 1970's research investigations on the causes and effects of coal mine outbursts and gas emissions have led to major advances towards the recovery and development of coalbed methane for commercial use. Thus, coalbed methane as a mining hazard was harnessed as a conventional gas resource.  相似文献   

3.
突出危险煤渗透性变化的影响因素探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王登科  刘建  尹光志  韦立德 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3469-3474
通过对突出危险煤渗透性试验研究,系统分析了不同围压、不同瓦斯压力和不同应力-应变状态条件下突出煤样的渗透特性,分别建立了突出危险煤的渗透性与围压、瓦斯压力和应力-应变等主要控制因素之间的定性和定量关系,探讨了不同载荷条件下突出危险煤渗透性的控制机制和变化规律。研究结果表明,载荷条件对突出危险煤的渗透性具有重要影响:(1)在固定瓦斯压力条件下,突出危险煤样的渗透率随围压的增大而减小,且服从指数函数变化规律。(2)在固定围压条件下,受Klinkenberg效应影响,渗透率与瓦斯压力之间大致呈"V"字型变化;Klikenberg效应发生在瓦斯压力p1MPa的范围内。(3)在三轴压缩下的应力-应变全过程中,不同载荷条件下突出危险煤样的渗透率-应变曲线变化趋势几乎一致,且都呈"V"字型走势;在微裂隙闭合和弹性变形阶段,煤样渗透率随应力增大而减小;进入屈服阶段后,渗透率达到最小值并在峰值强度到达之前完成反超过程;峰值强度之后渗透率持续增大直至试验结束;煤样渗透率反超后的变化要较反超前变化平缓。  相似文献   

4.
山西重点煤矿区包括晋城、阳泉、西山、汾西、潞安等矿区,是“十三五”国家科技重大专项“山西重点煤矿区煤层气与煤炭协调开发示范工程”的主要实施地点。依托国家科技重大专项项目资助,研发了煤矿瓦斯梯级利用系列技术,并进行工程示范,引导山西重点煤矿区瓦斯抽采量与利用量由2015年的60.2亿m3和22.3亿m3提高至2020年的64.03亿m3和28.94亿m3,利用率由37%提升至45%,在保障煤矿安全开采的前提下极大地助力碳达峰碳中和目标的实现。梯级利用主要是根据甲烷浓度高低分别加以综合利用,对于甲烷体积分数≥30%的高浓度煤矿瓦斯,可以进行集输后按照效益最大化原则进行发电、民用、工业利用等。对于甲烷体积分数<30%的低浓度瓦斯,依据不同浓度瓦斯利用技术差异性及适应性,将低浓度瓦斯的浓度利用区间划分为4级:甲烷体积分数介于16%~30%的低浓度瓦斯可采用变压吸附技术,提纯后可使甲烷体积分数达到30%以上满足后续民用及集输等要求,该项技术已在晋城矿区成庄矿建设了处理能力为12 000 m3/h的示范装置;在有高浓度煤矿瓦斯的矿区也可利用掺混技术直接将甲烷体积分数提高至30%以上进行集输利用。甲烷体积分数介于9%~16%的低浓度瓦斯可采用就地发电技术,转化为电能后可自用或上网,该技术已在晋城矿区赵庄矿、胡底矿、长平矿等建设了示范装置。甲烷体积分数介于6%~9%的低浓度瓦斯可采用直燃技术,转化为热能后进行电、热、冷三联供,该技术已在成庄矿建设了示范装置。甲烷体积分数介于1%~6%的低浓度瓦斯可采用蓄热氧化与掺混技术,同样转化为热能后进行电、热、冷三联供,该技术已在华阳新材料科技集团有限公司(原阳泉煤业集团)一矿及五矿建设了示范装置。低浓度瓦斯梯级利用技术虽然在山西重点煤矿区进行了成功示范,但目前仍存在很多技术经济难题,在碳达峰碳中和目标下,亟需进行持续攻关并快速提高利用率。   相似文献   

5.
底板岩巷穿层钻孔抽采技术和本煤层定向长钻孔抽采技术是目前高瓦斯和突出矿井回采工作面最为主要的瓦斯治理措施。晋城矿区赵庄矿煤层具松软低透气性特点,主要采用岩巷穿层钻孔消突为主,本煤层顺层钻孔消突为辅的瓦斯治理方法。但底板岩巷穿层钻孔存在工程量大、施工周期长及成本高等缺点,本煤层钻孔存在钻孔抽采不均匀、钻孔覆盖密度不足等技术缺陷。为对比考察底板梳状长钻孔与底板岩巷穿层钻孔的抽采效果,在赵庄矿1307采面开展了2种瓦斯治理方法。结果表明:抽采条件和抽采范围相同条件下,5个底板梳状长钻孔的瓦斯抽采总量占到底板岩巷穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采总量的75.4%,而底板梳状长钻孔的经济投入仅占底板岩巷穿层钻孔经济投入的29.2%。由此得出,研究区梳状长钻孔替代穿层钻孔的瓦斯抽采技术是可行的。该研究为底板梳状长钻孔替代底板岩巷的技术可行性提供了实践参考,为松软低透的高瓦斯和突出矿井的瓦斯治理提供了更为经济可行的治理方案。   相似文献   

6.
It is generally accepted that typical coalbed gases (methane and carbon dioxide) are sorbed (both adsorbed and absorbed) in the coal matrix causing it to swell and resulting in local stress and strain variations in a coalbed confined under overburden pressure. The swelling, interactions of gases within the coal matrix and the resultant changes in the permeability, sorption, gas flow mechanics in the reservoir, and stress state of the coal can impact a number of reservoir-related factors. These include effective production of coalbed methane, degasification of future mining areas by drilling horizontal and vertical degasification wells, injection of CO2 as an enhanced coalbed methane recovery technique, and concurrent CO2 sequestration. Such information can also provide an understanding of the mechanisms behind gas outbursts in underground coal mines.The spatio-temporal volumetric strains in a consolidated Pittsburgh seam coal sample were evaluated while both confining pressure and carbon dioxide (CO2) pore pressure were increased to keep a constant positive effective stress on the sample. The changes internal to the sample were evaluated by maps of density and atomic number determined by dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). Early-time images, as soon as CO2 was introduced, were also used to calculate the macroporosity in the coal sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photographic images of the polished section of the coal sample at X-ray CT image location were used to identify the microlithotypes and microstructures.The CO2 sorption-associated swelling and volumetric strains in consolidated coal under constant effective stress are heterogeneous processes depending on the lithotypes present. In the time scale of the experiment, vitrite showed the highest degree of swelling due to dissolution of CO2, while the clay (kaolinite) and inertite region was compressed in response. The volumetric strains associated with swelling and compression were between ± 15% depending on the location. Although the effective stress on the sample was constant, it varied within the sample as a result of the internal stresses created by gas sorption-related structural changes. SEM images and porosity calculations revealed that the kaolinite and inertite bearing layer was highly porous, which enabled the fastest CO2 uptake and the highest degree of compression.  相似文献   

7.
As mining depth increases, the gas content and pressure of the coal seams increase, and gas emissions from the coal face are significantly higher than those at shallower locations. This is more likely to occur in high-gas multi-seam mines and can result in fatal gas disasters. Therefore, extracting multiple seams with high methane content frequently requires implementing highly efficient methane extraction technique. Yangquan Coalfield, China, was selected as a case study, theoretical analysis on the evolution law of mining-induced overlying strata fracture was conducted, similarity model test was used to determine the gas enrichment areas, the results indicate that the distressed gas in the multi-seam is enriched in high-level and low-level area, based on the gas zoning enrichment law, a technique for coordinated extraction of the distressed gas in the high-gas multi-seam mining is proposed, and the high-level drilling holes are arranged to extract the gas in the high-level enrichment area, while low-level drilling holes are arranged to extract the gas in the low-level area; after the coordinated proposal was implemented, the workface was advanced faster, and coordinated extraction technique can also be used under other conditions for high-gas multi-seam mining.  相似文献   

8.
煤矿区钻探技术装备在煤层气(瓦斯)开发、保障煤矿安全生产等领域发挥着关键作用。我国煤层赋存地质条件、开采条件复杂,决定了煤矿区钻探技术装备的发展必须立足于我国煤矿区基本现状、走自主创新的道路。系统总结了"十一五"和"十二五"期间我国煤矿区钻探技术装备取得的代表性成果,全面介绍了煤矿区地面钻井与井下钻孔在煤层气(瓦斯)开发、水害防治、应急救援通道构建等方面取得的重要成果。针对新形势下煤矿安全高效生产对钻探技术装备的发展需求及其所面临的关键难题,提出了开发高可靠性、智能化钻探技术装备的发展方向,以期进一步提升煤矿区钻探技术水平、推动国产化钻探装备转型升级。   相似文献   

9.
甲烷是最主要的非二氧化碳温室气体,受到越来越多的重视。煤炭甲烷是我国最主要的甲烷排放源类型,我国也是世界煤炭甲烷排放量最大的国家,煤炭甲烷的有效排放管控与高效开发利用兼具温室气体减排、能源气体开发利用和灾害气体防治三重意义。基于系统调研和研究工作积累,概述了煤炭甲烷排放管控背景,总结了全球与代表性国家煤炭甲烷排放及其管控现状,阐释了我国煤炭甲烷开发利用与排放管控历程及发展趋势,讨论和前瞻了我国煤炭甲烷减排路径与减排潜力。已有研究工作表明:我国煤炭甲烷排放主要来自煤炭地下开采风排瓦斯,且较长时期内仍是我国煤炭甲烷的主要来源;随着我国关闭矿井增多,由此产生的关闭矿井甲烷排放量呈增长趋势,是我国煤炭甲烷不容忽视的来源。随着碳中和目标的提出,温室气体减排的政策导向逐渐成为我国煤炭甲烷排放管控的重点,明确了煤炭甲烷减排方向。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控形成了以煤层气勘探开发利用、煤矿瓦斯抽采利用、关闭/废弃矿井瓦斯抽采利用、乏风瓦斯利用等全浓度利用,煤炭采前、采中和采后全周期利用为特征的关键技术路径。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控面临巨大压力和严峻挑战,诸多政策、机制、技术问题亟待破解。突破复杂地质条件适配性煤层...  相似文献   

10.
目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。  相似文献   

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