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1.
北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东部陆架海和南海是国防安全的重要门户;位处第二岛链以西的副热带北太平洋既是各国争夺的重要海区,又是我国从近海走向大洋的重要通道.围绕"北太平洋副热带环流变异如何通过黑潮与我国近海动力环境之间相互作用"这一国际前沿科学问题,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响"于2007年9月正式立项.该项目不仅有助于拓展和丰富海洋动力学理论,揭示我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异机制,提高预测能力,而且也将为维护我国国防安全和海洋权益,为可持续开发利用海洋资源提供海洋动力环境保障.该项目主要研究内容包括:①北太平洋副热带环流变异和调整机理;②黑潮与我国近海的能量与水体交换过程及机制;③北太平洋副热带环流变异与大气驱动力的耦合效应;④我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异的可预测性研究.拟解决的关键科学问题为:北太平洋副热带内区环流变异的机理及其对黑潮的影响;黑潮源头变异机理及其对吕宋海峡水交换的影响和黑潮变异机理及其对东部陆架海域动力环境的影响. 相似文献
2.
我国近海生态系统食物产出的关键过程及其可持续机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
围绕国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“我国近海生态系统食物产出的关键过程及其可持续机理”,介绍了海洋可持续生态系统研究对我国社会与科技发展的意义、研究现状和发展趋势、拟解决的关键科学问题和预期目标,以及研究实施计划。该项研究的最终目标是从人类活动和自然变化两个方面认识我国近海海洋生态系统服务与产出功能,量化其生态容纳量及动态变化,预测生态系统的承载能力和易损性,寻求我国近海海洋可持续开发利用与资源环境相协调发展的途径。 相似文献
3.
东海赤潮高发区沉积物柱状样中正构烷烃和脂肪醇的分布与来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取了东海赤潮高发区4个站位的沉积物柱状样,通过测定δ13CTOC值,利用δ13C的双端元模型计算了沉积物中TOC的海源和陆源贡献率,并分析了正构烷烃和脂肪醇的组成与分布,探讨了其来源。结果表明,东海赤潮高发区沉积物中,正构烷烃以高碳数烷烃为主,有明显的奇碳优势,且呈双峰群分布;各站位总正构烷烃（T-ALK/μg/g）含量随深度有不同的变化;碳数奇偶优势指数（CPI）、陆源海源优势烷烃比（TAR）、平均链长（ACL）等正构烷分子指标,反映出在调查海区陆源正构烷烃的输入占主导,且以草本植物为主。直链烷基醇主要来源于陆地高等植物,4个站位的植醇经历了相似的生物化学过程,说明沉积环境较一致;菜籽甾醇与甲藻甾醇的比值指示了调查海区浮游植物种群的历史变化,由于水体富营养化的日益加重所导致的赤潮由简单的硅藻赤潮向硅藻甲藻混合型赤潮转变。 相似文献
4.
大量研究证实，对环境变化非常敏感的珊瑚能够记录越来越多的环境信息。由于浮游生物过度繁殖而引发的赤潮对珊瑚礁生态系统有明显的影响。赤潮爆发时，赤潮区海水pH值和铁、锰含量异常；赤潮生物覆盖海水表面，阻碍珊瑚共生藻的光合作用；后期赤潮生物大量死亡。还会大量消耗溶解氧。排放有害化学物质，导致珊瑚死亡。理论上讲。幸存的珊瑚在其骨骼中能够记录这些环境异常过程。通过采用硼同位素法、铁锰微量元素法和生长特征观测法等方法，研究珊瑚骨骼的化学特征，从而可能揭示过去赤潮发生的规律。目前，关于珊瑚礁对赤潮的生态响应和记录研究仍处于探索之中，如果能够结合赤潮的机理、特征、生态影响以及珊瑚本身的特性而成功实现这项研究的话，则不仅对珊瑚礁环境记录研究领域是个重要的补充，而且还提供了一把记录赤潮的新钥匙。 相似文献
5.
近海营养盐和微量元素的大气沉降 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
受气候变化和人类活动的影响,传输和沉降到全球近海的大气污染物急剧增加.1997年后对近海营养盐和微量元素大气沉降的众多研究表明,通过大气沉降至近海的氮和磷分别为13～73 mmol N/(m2·a)和0.11～1.6 mmol P/(m2·a),微量元素的沉降通量具有显著的时空变化特征,在不同海区最高可相差3个数量级.对于很多近海包括东海(East China Sea)和黄海(Yellow Sea),大气沉降的营养盐和部分微量元素可能超出了其河流输入量.大气沉降除了对近海富营养化有重要贡献之外,其事件性特征可使初级生产力在短期内大幅度增加,从而影响赤潮发生.微量元素沉降还可能抑制某些藻类生长,对初级生产力和生态系统结构产生更为复杂的影响.未来研究重点是准确估算近海各物质的大气沉降通量,了解其对浮游植物生长的影响机制. 相似文献
6.
我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论的研究”把20世纪80年代以来我国所发生的旱涝重大气候灾害作为项目研究的切入点，从气候系统各圈层的变化及其相互作用，特别是从气候系统中海—陆—气各子系统的变化和相互作用及其对我国重大气候灾害的影响机理入手，对我国重大气候灾害进行了深入分析研究，提出了与我国旱涝重大气候灾害形成机理有关的“东亚气候系统”新理论，指出这个系统的时空变化特征及其对我国旱涝等重大气候灾害发生的重要作用；从东亚季风—西太平洋暖池—ENSO循环相互作用及机理的研究，提出了热带西太平洋对热带太平洋ENSO循环的热力和动力作用以及与亚洲季风的相互作用过程，指出了ENSO循环的不同阶段对于东亚季风和我国气候异常的不同影响及其机理；提出了高原热力适应理论，应用此理论揭示了高原热力变化对南亚高压东西振荡影响的物理过程。在上述理论研究的基础上提出了ENSO循环的数值预测模式和我国跨季度和年度气候异常的数值预测系统，研制了新一代气候耦合数值模型中的大气环流数值模式。通过这两个预测系统的研制使我国对ENSO事件预测水平有了较大提高，并成功地预测了我国1998—2003年夏季所发生的严重旱涝气候灾害。此外，成功地进行了我国西北干旱区陆—气相互作用观测试验，获取了许多有关我国典型干旱区陆—气相互作用有价值的科学数据，并得到许多原创性的科学结果，为开发大西北提供了可靠的气候环境资料。本项目的完成不仅为今后开展我国重大气候灾害的发生规律、成因与预测研究奠定了坚实的理论和数值模型基础，而且对于国家旱涝气候灾害预测水平的提高，减轻气候灾害造成的经济损失具有重要的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
7.
环境中放线菌及其抑藻活性物质研究的若干进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤潮是一种严重的全球性海洋自然灾害,近年来赤潮发生次数增多,发生区域扩大,危害加剧.放线菌是产生生物活性物质相对较多的一类微生物,溶藻放线菌的发现及其代谢产物多样性,在赤潮生消过程中起着越来越重要的作用,为微生物防治赤潮及新型杀藻剂的开发提供了可能.采用溶藻微生物进行赤潮和水华的防治已经被深入认识和充分肯定,成为当前赤潮研究的重点和热点.概述了溶藻放线菌发现及其活性物质分离筛选的研究进展以及赤潮防治的新方法,强调了放线菌及其代谢产物在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用放线菌防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,并对溶藻放线菌及其活性物质的研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
8.
有害藻华的预测技术和防灾减灾对策研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有害藻华给海洋生物、海水养殖业、海洋环境和公共健康安全造成了极大的威胁,已经成为世界性的海洋环境灾害之一.近几十年,我国近海有害藻华的发生频率和发生规模不断扩大,给国家经济发展和公共医疗卫生造成了极大的经济损失和不利影响.主要介绍了国内外常用的有害藻华预测技术,并参考国内外有效的有害藻华防治措施,为我国有害藻华的防灾减灾工作提出建议.我国亟需逐步建立有害藻华综合预警报业务体系和完备的应急减灾体系,才能进一步提升有害藻华等海洋环境灾害的应对能力. 相似文献
9.
近年温州湾赤潮暴发严重威胁当地经济发展和生态安全。利用2019年4～6月海洋生态浮标实时监测数据,分析温州湾赤潮发生前后主要生态要素的演变特征。结果表明：(1)温州湾海温春季开始升高,5月初升至约20℃;受山溪性径流和潮流共同影响,表层盐度日内波动明显,变化范围为22～31 PSU,洪水时明显下降。(2)赤潮发生前期,溶解无机氮和活性磷酸盐（PO4-P）主要受水动力条件控制,赤潮暴发后受藻类生长消耗与天气尺度的洪水补充共同影响。(3)通过主成分分析发现,海温和营养盐是赤潮发生的关键因子。最后分析氮磷比值与溶解氧含量演变过程,指出这两个化学指标可作为赤潮发生监测预警指标。研究结果可促进赤潮暴发与水文、生源要素关系的认识,并为赤潮发生预测预警提供参考。 相似文献
10.
湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
湖泊具有供水、渔业、旅游、维持区域生态系统平衡等功能,是支撑我国经济和社会发展的重要资源之一。但是近30年来,湖泊富营养化所导致的蓝藻水华频繁暴发,生态灾害事件频发,严重影响湖泊功能的发挥, 制约区域经济可持续发展。针对国家在保障区域水安全和生态安全、保护人民健康及建设和谐社会等方面的重大需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究”于2008年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括：①湖泊蓝藻水华主要衍生污染物的形成机理、迁移转化规律和毒理效应;②蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化和功能退化的机理;③蓝藻水华生态灾害评估及调控机理。针对上述科学问题,项目以蓝藻水华污染物的产生、湖泊生态系统结构与功能的响应以及生态灾害的评估与调控为研究主线,重点开展以下几个方面的研究：①蓝藻水华衍生污染物的产生及其环境过程;②蓝藻水华衍生污染物的毒理效应与生态和健康风险;③蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化与功能退化的关键过程和机制;④蓝藻水华灾害治理和调控的的技术原理和途径。项目的实施和完成将为我国湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害的预防与控制提供理论和技术原理支撑。 相似文献
11.
Megan B. Rothenberger Thomas Swaffield Alyssa J. Calomeni Carolyn D. Cabrey 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(3):695-711
Raritan Bay, located between the states of New York and New Jersey, has a long history of cultural eutrophication and associated harmful algal blooms (HABs). Despite striking chemical and biological alterations occurring in Raritan Bay, publications in the early 1960s were the last to report consecutive measurements of both water quality parameters and plankton species composition in this system. The objectives of this study were to characterize water quality trends and plankton composition in a eutrophic estuary, compare current environmental conditions to those documented in Raritan Bay 50 years ago (i.e., at the same six sampling sites), and to further clarify the relationship among nutrients, secondary consumers, and algal bloom generation in this system using ordination techniques. This study (monthly data collected from April 2010–October 2012) indicates that Raritan Bay continues to exhibit numerous symptoms of eutrophication, including high algal biomass, high turbidity, violations of the dissolved oxygen standard to protect fish health, and blooms of potentially harmful phytoplankton species. Altered spatial and temporal patterns for nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) over the past 50 years may suggest new, changing, or expanding sources of nutrients. A total of 14 HAB species have been identified, including Heterosigma akashiwo, which formed a bloom in the upper Raritan Bay during summer 2012 in association with hypoxic conditions. Multivariate analyses indicate that abundance of this species is positively associated with high temperature, salinity, nitrate, and SRP and negatively associated with spring river discharge rates and total zooplankton abundance in Raritan Bay. 相似文献
12.
德基水库集水区的气候条件适合温带水果及高冷蔬菜、茶叶的种植,德基水库集水区上游遍布果园、菜园与茶园。因此,每逢大雨来临时,大量的残留肥料常遭冲刷至水库中。这些残留的肥料中含有大量的氮、磷等营养盐,足以提供水库微生物的生长繁殖所需,也因此造成水库中二角多甲藻的大量繁殖,进而形成藻华现象。研究使用Landsat TM卫星数据,搭配传统监测模式,以监督式影像分类法分析与监测德基水库1995年的藻华现象。研究结果显示,以Landsat TM卫星数据监测德基水库的藻华现象,其准确率可达87.5%以上。由影像分类的结果可得知,德基水库二角多甲藻之藻华现象发生较严重的时期为夏天,而冬天则较为轻微。此现象发生的原因,应与集水区上游的农业经营模式息息相关。此外,德基水库藻华现象发生的区域及其程度也经由实地调查与卫星影像监测,一一获得证实。 相似文献
13.
Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources,composition, and consequences 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
Although algal blooms, including those considered toxic or harmful, can be natural phenomena, the nature of the global problem of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has expanded both in extent and its public perception over the last several decades. Of concern, especially for resource managers, is the potential relationship between HABs and the accelerated eutrophication of coastal waters from human activities. We address current insights into the relationships between HABs and eutrophication, focusing on sources of nutrients, known effects of nutrient loading and reduction, new understanding of pathways of nutrient acquisition among HAB species, and relationships between nutrients and toxic algae. Through specific, regional, and global examples of these various relationships, we offer both an assessment of the state of understanding, and the uncertainties that require future research efforts. The sources of nutrients potentially stimulating algal blooms include sewage, atmospheric deposition, groundwater flow, as well as agricultural and aquaculture runoff and discharge. On a global basis, strong correlations have been demonstrated between total phosphorus inputs and phytoplankton production in freshwaters, and between total nitrogen input and phytoplankton production in estuarine and marine waters. There are also numerous examples in geographic regions ranging from the largest and second largest U.S. mainland estuaries (Chesapeake Bay and the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System), to the Inland Sea of Japan, the Black Sea, and Chinese coastal waters, where increases in nutrient loading have been linked with the development of large biomass blooms, leading to anoxia and even toxic or harmful impacts on fisheries resources, ecosystems, and human health or recreation. Many of these regions have witnessed reductions in phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophylla) or HAB incidence when nutrient controls were put in place. Shifts in species composition have often been attributed to changes in nutrient supply ratios, primarily N∶P or N∶Si. Recently this concept has been extended to include organic forms of nutrients, and an elevation in the ratio of dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC∶DON) has been observed during several recent blooms. The physiological strategies by which different groups of species acquire their nutrients have become better understood, and alternate modes of nutrition such as heterotrophy and mixotrophy are now recognized as common among HAB species. Despite our increased understanding of the pathways by which nutrients are delivered to ecosystems and the pathways by which they are assimilated differentially by different groups of species, the relationships between nutrient delivery and the development of blooms and their potential toxicity or harmfulness remain poorly understood. Many factors such as algal species presence/abundance, degree of flushing or water exchange, weather conditions, and presence and abundance of grazers contribute to the success of a given species at a given point in time. Similar nutrient loads do not have the same impact in different environments or in the same environment at different points in time. Eutrophication is one of several mechanisms by which harmful algae appear to be increasing in extent and duration in many locations. Although important, it is not the only explanation for blooms or toxic outbreaks. Nutrient enrichment has been strongly linked to stimulation of some harmful species, but for others it has not been an apparent contributing factor. The overall effect of nutrient over-enrichment on harmful algal species is clearly species specific. 相似文献
14.
Detection of algal bloom and factors influencing its formation in Taihu Lake from 2000 to 2011 by MODIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changchun Huang Yunmei Li Hao Yang Deyong Sun Zhaoyuan Yu Zhuo Zhang Xia Chen Liangjiang Xu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3705-3714
Time-series MODIS data were used to extract and characterize algal blooms from the Taihu Lake study area. Water quality data including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen; local meteorology data; and global climate trends were examined to reveal the factors influencing the formation of the algal blooms. Results for the 2000–2011 study period show that the annual algal bloom typically begins between March and May in Taihu Lake. All large-scale blooms originate from northern Taihu Lake (Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay). Some small-scale blooms originate from southwestern Taihu Lake, but the duration of these blooms is very brief because of episodes of turbulent mixing due to high wind speed. Nutrient supply is the main factor influencing algal mass propagation during bloom periods, and temperature changes may trigger algal recovery. The algal bloom area significantly decreased when wind speed is greater than 4 m/s, causing turbulence and changes in algal buoyancy. A strong East Asian summer monsoon transporting warm air to the lake is shown to extend the duration of algal blooms in Taihu Lake, as occurred in 2007. 相似文献
15.
Our modeling objective was to better define the relationship between subtropical seagrass and potential water column and sediment
stressors (light, organic and particle sedimentation, sediment nutrients, and the porewater sulfide system). The model was
developed and optimized for sediments inThalassia testudinum seagrass beds of Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, U.S., and is composed of a plant submodel and a sediment diagenetic submodel.
Simulations were developed for a natural stressor (harmful algal bloom,Aureoumbra lagunensis) and an anthropogenic, stressor (dredging event). The observed harmful algal bloom (HAB) was of limited duration and the
simulations of that bloom showed no effect of the algal bloom on biomass trends but did suggest that sediment sulfides could
inhibit growth if the bloom duration and intensity were greater. To examine this hypothesis we ran a simulation using data
collected during a sustained 4-yr bloom in Upper Laguna Madre. Simulations suggested that light attenuation by the HAB could
cause a small reduction inT. testudinum biomass, while input of organic matter from the bloom could promote development of a sediment geochemical environment toxic
toT. testudinum leading to a major reduction in biomass. A 3-wk dredging event resulted in sedimentation of a layer of rich organic material
and reduction of canopy light for a period of months. The simulations suggested that the seagrass could have recovered from
the effects of temporary light reduction but residual effects of high sulfides in the sediments would make the region inhospitable
for seagrasses for up to 2.5 yr. These modeling exercises illustrate that both natural and anthropogenic stressors can result
in seagrass losses by radically altering the sedimentary geochemical environment. 相似文献
16.
17.
M. Mansor Dr. 《GeoJournal》1987,14(3):353-356
Algal blooms are frequently observed in eutrophic lakes; a typical example of which is Lake Lindores, where two species of algal blooms were observed during the studied period. The first bloom of Asterionella formosa occured in spring, with a second occurence of the bloom observed in late winter and autumn when the water temperature was fairly low. At a higher water temperature, of more than 15°C, an unwanted blue-green algal bloom of Anabaena flosaquae occured. The blue-green algal bloom normally occured in summer and early autumn. 相似文献
18.
Jiacong Huang Junfeng Gao Georg Hörmann Nicola Fohrer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3609-3621
Understanding the short-term response of phytoplankton biomass on environmental variables is needed for issuing early warnings of harmful algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Predicting harmful algal blooms are particularly challenging in large shallow lakes due to their complex mixing patterns. This study used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic–phytoplankton model to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on short-term changes in the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. Two simulations were performed using daily and hourly average wind condition and water temperature data collected in 2009. Other model inputs were identical for these two simulations. The response of phytoplankton to wind conditions, light intensity, water temperature, and total dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were examined based on a sensitivity analysis using the hourly data. Hourly simulation achieved a more realistic distribution of phytoplankton biomass than the daily simulation. This finding implies that data with a higher temporal resolution are more useful for short-term prediction of phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water temperature and light intensity dominate short-term changes in phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Wind conditions also affect phytoplankton biomass distribution by causing advective water movement. 相似文献
19.
Natural Hazards - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can be a natural hazard unlike anything else. Whereas a hurricane or tornado has a sudden and devastating impact to an area, an HAB can slowly impact... 相似文献
20.
Nathan S. Hall R. Wayne Litaker Elizabeth Fensin Jason E. Adolf Holly A. Bowers Allen R. Place Hans W. Paerl 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(2):402-418
A dense bloom of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum was discovered in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, on 19 October 2006 and was associated with four subsequent fish
kills. Microscopic, photopigment, DNA, and toxicological techniques confirmed bloom identity and toxicity. High-resolution
spatio-temporal data from ship-board and fixed automated sampling stations provided a unique opportunity to investigate the
environmental conditions that initiated, maintained, and terminated the K. veneficum bloom. Bloom initiation and growth were favored by high nutrient availability and reduced dispersal during the period of
declining riverine discharge after Tropical Storm Ernesto. K. veneficum out-competed other co-occurring dinoflagellates, perhaps because of the production of karlotoxins that are known to act as
grazing deterrents and to facilitate mixotrophic feeding. Once the bloom was established, small-scale hydrodynamic processes,
coupled with vertical migration, concentrated cells along a frontal convergence to high densities (>200,000 cells per milliliter).
By 26 October 2006, wind mixing and possible nutrient stress disrupted the bloom. Release of cell-bound toxins during the
bloom collapse likely accounted for the associated fish kill events where fish were reported as exhibiting typical symptoms
of karlotoxin poisoning. The dynamics of this bloom underscore the tight control of harmful algal blooms by meteorological
forcing, hydrology, and sediment nutrient input in this shallow lagoonal estuary. 相似文献