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1.
华北克拉通,扬子克拉通与秦岭造山带古地幔组成…   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
路凤香  刘永顺 《地球科学》1997,22(3):247-251
经研究,华北克拉通古地幔以含石榴石的二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩及纯橄榄岩为主,地我代作用强烈,岩石富集不相容元素,明显高于南非及西澳克拉通者,扬子克拉通古地幔主元素亏损程度差,并代作用较弱。岩石为榴石/尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,秦岭造山带壳、幔交界带的岩石类型复杂,包括蛇纹石化尖晶石二辉橄榄石(蛇纹岩)、石榴石辉石岩、榴闪岩、变辉长岩及变玄武岩等,蛇纹岩受强的塑性流变,剪切有结构发育,与克拉通相比,地幔交代作  相似文献   

2.
王方正  路凤香 《岩石学报》1995,11(2):227-241
根据该地学断面Vp结构模型,造山带中基性火成岩、金伯利岩和花岗岩中的深源包体资料,以及火成岩和变质岩,特别是超高压变质岩和超基性岩的分布和组成所揭示的壳幔深部组成的信息,结合与相对应的岩石实验Vp数据的对比,建立了秦岭洛阳-伊川-十堰-秭归地学断面及邻区的岩石圈组成的岩石学模型。这一岩石学模型表明,华北与扬子克拉通,南北秦岭造山带与其克拉通的过渡带岩石圈的岩石学模型各不相同。华北克拉通下地壳是以麻粒岩相中酸性片麻岩和紫苏花岗岩为主,同时含有基性麻粒岩,而扬子克拉通的下地壳是以角闪岩相-麻粒岩相酸性片麻岩和TTG为主体,广泛存在基性火成岩层。南北秦岭造山带的中下地壳各自继承了扬子和华北克拉通的中下地壳的特点,但已被强烈改造;南北秦岭造山带上地幔组成差异性较大,北秦岭上地幔上部以榴辉岩及榴闪岩为主,而南秦岭以蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主体,各单元100km以下的地幔都是一样的,都是石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成。因此,秦岭造山带是一个具有近30亿年历史的由不同大陆块体拼合组成的,不具简单的岩石圈分层结构样式。  相似文献   

3.
山东临朐山旺新生代玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
山旺新生代玄武岩中的超镁铁质包体分为五类:尖晶石纯橄榄岩、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、尖晶石石榴石二辉岩和石榴石二辉橄榄岩。对它们的地质学,岩相学、岩石化学,造岩矿物的化学成分,稀土配分模式及热力学计算的研究表明,前三种岩石属原始地幔岩,后二种是地幔中岩浆作用的产物。  相似文献   

4.
岚皋金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
陕西岚皋地区碱质基性超基性潜火山杂岩中的金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体,主要由透辉石、富钛韭闪石、高Ti金云母、磷灰石及钛铁矿组成。捕虏体发育三联晶、碎裂边、扭折变形等固相线下变形变质结构,与正常地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩成分相比,捕虏体富TiO2、Fe2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O,贫MgO;其稀土元素具富集特征,尤其富集LREE;微量元素配分型式显示富亲石不相容元素的特征。岩相学、矿物学及岩石化学特征表明,该类捕虏体为交代地幔捕虏体,它代表了北大巴山早古生代裂谷作用时期的异常地幔。交代营力可能源于地幔热柱的上升,在地幔深处可能以熔体交代作用为主,往上逐渐以流体交代作用为主  相似文献   

5.
陈瑶  王勤 《高校地质学报》2022,28(4):457-472
加拿大Slave克拉通Jericho金伯利岩筒携带的橄榄岩包体提供了研究大陆岩石圈地幔物质组成和热结构的窗口。文章总结了地幔岩矿物温压计的研究进展,测量了Jericho金伯利岩携带的9个新鲜橄榄岩包体的矿物主量元素和微量元素,并使用不同的矿物温压计估算了平衡温度和压力。结果表明Nickel 和 Green(1985)的石榴子石—斜方辉石压力计可以较好地估算含石榴子石橄榄岩形成时的压力,Taylor(1998)二辉石温度计和Nimis 和 Taylor(2000)单斜辉石温度计的计算结果一致。具有粗粒变晶结构的尖晶石—石榴子石橄榄岩和石榴子石橄榄岩样品的平衡温度为575~843℃,压力为2.4~3.6 GPa,表明Slave克拉通岩石圈地幔温度较低。而残斑结构尖晶石—石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的平衡温度1109℃,压力为5.0 GPa,来源深度为~156 km,可能被早期金伯利岩浆携带到岩石圈地幔中部冷却,然后再被侏罗纪喷发的Jericho金伯利岩筒带到地表。使用石榴子石—单斜辉石稀土元素温压计获得的平衡温度高于主量元素温度计的结果,表明Slave克拉通岩石圈地幔经历了逐渐冷却的过程。此外,Slave克拉通浅部的尖晶石橄榄岩保留了强烈亏损的早期岩石圈地幔特征,而下部的岩石圈地幔经历了金伯利岩熔体和硅酸盐熔体的交代作用。  相似文献   

6.
邵济安  张聪  路凤香 《地学前缘》2013,20(3):170-179
内蒙古宁城地区发现的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体,其寄主岩为早中生代堆晶成因的辉石岩。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在矿物组成和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征等方面区别于寄主辉石岩,具有地幔岩特征。相对原始地幔岩,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具有Fe高,Mg、Al低,富集K、Na、Ca、LREE和Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等不相容元素的特征,据此可以认为捕虏体来源于交代的富集地幔。对熔/流体交代反应形成的结构及其交代矿物金云母、韭闪石、白云石、方解石的进一步研究,揭示富K、Al、Ca、LREE和不相容元素的硅酸质和碳酸质熔/流体的交代作用致使地幔岩向不断饱满和富集的趋势演化,导致地幔岩Mg#值、Fo值的降低,Al和其他不相容元素的增高。单斜辉石环带原位微量元素测定也证实交代作用的存在。剪切结构的发育可能与软流圈底辟体上涌引发的塑性流变有关。联系华北古老岩石圈地幔多次的地质事件,笔者认为,早中生代地幔的特征与华北克拉通长期以来自身的深部演化有关。  相似文献   

7.
邵济安  张聪  路凤香 《地学前缘》2013,20(3):170-179
内蒙古宁城地区发现的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体,其寄主岩为早中生代堆晶成因的辉石岩。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在矿物组成和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征等方面区别于寄主辉石岩,具有地幔岩特征。相对原始地幔岩,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具有Fe高,Mg、Al低,富集K、Na、Ca、LREE和Rb、Sr、Ba、Th等不相容元素的特征,据此可以认为捕虏体来源于交代的富集地幔。对熔/流体交代反应形成的结构及其交代矿物金云母、韭闪石、白云石、方解石的进一步研究,揭示富K、Al、Ca、LREE和不相容元素的硅酸质和碳酸质熔/流体的交代作用致使地幔岩向不断饱满和富集的趋势演化,导致地幔岩Mg#值、Fo值的降低,Al和其他不相容元素的增高。单斜辉石环带原位微量元素测定也证实交代作用的存在。剪切结构的发育可能与软流圈底辟体上涌引发的塑性流变有关。联系华北古老岩石圈地幔多次的地质事件,笔者认为,早中生代地幔的特征与华北克拉通长期以来自身的深部演化有关。  相似文献   

8.
吉林省蛟河市境内大石河新生代玄武岩中含有丰富的地幔橄榄岩包体,详细的岩石学与矿物学研究显示,这些包体的主要岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩-方辉橄榄岩,未发现石榴石橄榄岩。岩相学及地球化学资料显示它们都是经历过熔体抽取而形成的岩石圈地幔残留。矿物平衡温度计算发现,本区的这些地幔橄榄岩包体来自地下40~60km 深度,且下部以二辉橄榄岩为主,而上部以贫单斜辉石的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为主,显示明显的岩石圈地幔分层现象。Sr-Nd-Hf 同位素资料反映这些地幔包体均表现为亏损性质,而 Re-Os 同位素资料确定上述岩石圈地幔形成于中元古代,明显老于上覆地壳的新元古宙时代,反映壳幔年龄上的解耦。因此我们推测,该区曾经历过华北克拉通类似的早期岩石圈地幔的整体丢失事件,然后形成于其它地区的中元古宙岩石圈地幔在本区增生。  相似文献   

9.
本文对华北克拉通三个不同地区(河北汉诺坝、内蒙古集宁三义堂、河南鹤壁)新发现的含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石橄榄单斜辉石岩捕虏体进行了详细的矿物组成、单斜辉石的微量元素和 Sr-Nd 同位素研究。通过与相同地区不含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的系统对比发现通常含金云母的地幔橄榄岩比不含金云母的地幔橄榄岩岩富 Al_2O_3、CaO、NaO、K_2O、TiO_2,但相对贫镁;其单斜辉石的 LREE 更为富集,但 Sr、Nd 同位素组成则相对亏损。这说明地幔交代作用不仅能够造成地幔橄榄岩的玄武质组分和稀土元素的富集,而且亦能够造成全岩和橄榄石 Mg~#的降低和同位素组成的相对亏损。捕虏体的 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄暗示地幔交代作用发生在中、新生代;其交代熔体来源于软流圈。同时说明华北新生代岩石圈地慢普遍存在的主、微量元素和同位素组成类似于"大洋型"岩石圈地幔的特征很可能是岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与软流圈来源的熔体的大规模反应的结果,而非真正意义上的新增生的岩石圈地幔。  相似文献   

10.
刘从强  解广轰 《地质科学》1993,28(3):228-234
报道了黄椅山玄武岩中三类地幔岩捕虏体的 REE 丰度和 Sr、Nd 同位素组成。研究分析认为:尖晶石二辉橄榄岩是地幔岩经不同程度部分熔融的残留体;角闪石二辉橄榄岩系地幔交代作用的结果;石榴石二辉岩是在地幔条件下基性岩浆的分凝体。上述捕虏体均与寄主玄武岩无成因关系。地幔岩捕虏体的 Sm-Nd 计时获得741Ma 和78Ma 两条参考等时线,它们分别相当于晚元古代和晚中生代的地幔事件。  相似文献   

11.
华北克拉通东部显生宙地幔演化   总被引:23,自引:9,他引:14  
华北克拉通东部显生宙以来的地幔可以划分为3种类型:克拉通型地幔,大陆活动带型地幔和大陆裂谷型地幔。1 700 Ma—古生代末,地幔属于克拉通型:ε(Nd,t)值高于-5,为弱富集型;层圈相互作用以幔源的熔体和/或流体与古老的岩石圈地幔的作用为主,但规模较小,范围局部。100 Ma以前的中生代地幔属于“大陆活动带型”:ε(Nd,t)值低,在-5以下,为富集型;地幔中含有地壳的组分,层圈相互作用以下地壳与弱化的岩石圈地幔之间的作用为主;发生的时间为190~100 Ma,高峰期在130 Ma左右;发生的部位邻近莫霍面,导源的岩浆多为钙碱性系列,部位浅,活动范围广泛。100 Ma至新生代,地幔属于“大陆裂谷型”:为亏损型的软流圈地幔,ε(Nd,t)值高,几乎均为正值。层圈相互作用转变为软流圈岩石圈地幔之间的作用,转变的时间具有约40 Ma的过渡时期,前锋开始于100~109 Ma,导源的岩浆大致沿NWW和NEE向的大型断裂带分布。进一步证实了软流圈地幔上隆的不均匀性和主动性。  相似文献   

12.
高温高压微束衍射实验进展及其地学应用   总被引:6,自引:6,他引:6  
同步辐射X射线微束衍射技术与静态高压装置(包括金刚石压砧设备和大腔体压力机设备)结合运用是研究高温高压下物质晶体结构、相变等的有效方法。金刚石压砧高温高压实验技术的发展体现在:在产生极端高温高压的同时,获得准确的实验温度压力值,采用充装气体传压介质等方法减小压力梯度,采用激光双面加温技术和改进激光光路以减小样品径向和轴向的温度梯度。大腔体压力机高温高压实验技术的发展主要表现在产生更高的实验压力,以及测试过程中使样品在一定幅度摆动以消除晶体生长和择优取向对衍射数据的影响。同步辐射X射线微束衍射技术的发展主要表现在更高亮度和更宽能量范围的同步辐射光源的使用、X射线聚焦技术的发展,以及角色散X射线衍射测试技术的进步。介绍了近年来高温高压微束衍射实验在地球科学领域所取得的一些最新进展,包括硅酸盐超钙钛矿的实验发现,铁的高温高压相变及熔融曲线、SiO2 超斯石英相变、橄榄石尖晶石相—超尖晶石相转变压力的精确测定等研究结果;认为硅酸盐超钙钛矿的进一步深入研究,水对地球深部矿物岩石力学性质及熔融行为的影响,高温高压下物质的化学反应性和地球深部元素的地球化学行为等,是今后高温高压实验研究的重要方向。  相似文献   

13.
位于安徽省境内的女山新生代碱性玄武岩中含有大量而且类型丰富的地幔橄榄岩包体,主要类型有尖晶石相、石榴石相、尖晶石-石榴子石过渡相二辉橄榄岩以及少量的方辉橄榄岩,其中部分尖晶石二辉橄榄岩样品中出现富含挥发分的角闪石、金云母和磷灰石。本文选择该区的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩包体进行了较为详细的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究工作。结果显示,除2个方辉橄榄岩表现难熔特征外,其它25件尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩均具有饱满的主量元素组成。二辉橄榄岩样品的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素均表现为亏损地幔的性质,不同于古老克拉通型难熔、富集的岩石圈地幔。富含挥发份交代矿物的出现以及轻稀土元素不同程度的富集,表明女山岩石圈地幔经历了较为强烈的交代作用,然而Re-Os同位素及PGE分析结果表明交代作用并没有显著改变Os同位素组成。二辉橄榄岩样品均具有较高的Os同位素组成,结合其饱满的主量元素组成,亏损的同位素特征,表明女山地区岩石圈地幔整体为新生岩石圈地幔。但1个方辉橄榄岩样品给出了较低的Os同位素比值0.1184,其Re亏损年龄为1.5Ga,它可能来自于软流圈中残留的古老难熔地幔。  相似文献   

14.
The geochemical characteristics of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the north Pulu, east Pulu and Dahongliutan regions in the west Kunlun Mountains are somewhat similar as a whole. However, the volcanic rocks from the Dahongliutan region in the south belt are geochemically distinguished from those in the Pulu region (including the north and east Pulu) of the north belt. The volcanic rocks of the Dahongliutan region are characterized by relatively low TiO2 abundance, but more enrichment in alkali, much more enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithosphile elements than those from the Pulu region. Compared with the Pulu region, volcanic rocks from the Dahongliutan region have relatively low 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and high εNd, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb. Their trace elements and isotopic data suggest that they were derived from lithospheric mantle, consisting of biotite- and hornblende-bearing garnet lherzolite, which had undertaken metasomatism and enrichment. On the primitive mantle-normali  相似文献   

15.
华北东部橄榄岩岩石化学特征及其岩石圈地幔演化意义   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
华北东部古生代以来火山岩中捕虏体橄榄岩和苏鲁早中生代构造侵位橄榄岩的岩石化学结果表明: 古生代金伯利岩侵位时仍然存在的难熔、漂浮克拉通地幔在中、新生代时其大部被新生饱满的岩石圈地幔物质取代置换.在100 Ma前(但不早于178 Ma), 新生软流圈物质就已开始沿古老岩石圈内的地幔薄弱带和岩石圈深断裂带对克拉通地幔进行侵蚀、交代和混合作用, 引起岩石圈大幅减薄.这一减薄存在时间、空间的不均匀性, 但在老第三纪达最大.新第三纪以来, 上涌的软流圈物质由于温度下降回落(岩石圈小幅增厚)并转化为新生岩石圈地幔, 实现地幔置换过程.分析的苏鲁造山带橄榄岩是早中生代构造侵位改造过的古老岩石圈地幔物质.   相似文献   

16.
The compositional structure and thermal state of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Kalahari Craton and the surrounding mobile belts have been mapped in space and time using >3400 garnet xenocrysts from >50 kimberlites intruded over the period 520–80 Ma. The trace-element patterns of many garnets reflect the metasomatic refertilisation of originally highly depleted harzburgites and lherzolites, and much of the lateral and vertical heterogeneity observed in the SCLM within the craton is the product of such metasomatism. The most depleted, and possibly least modified, SCLM was sampled beneath the Limpopo Belt by early Paleozoic kimberlites; the SCLM beneath other parts of the craton may represent similar material modified by metasomatism during Phanerozoic time. In the SW part of the craton, the SCLM sampled by “Group 2” kimberlites (>110 Ma) is thicker, cooler and less metasomatised than that sampled by “Group 1” kimberlites (mostly ≤95 Ma) in the same area. Therefore, the extensively studied xenolith suite from the Group 1 kimberlites probably is not representative of primary Archean SCLM compositions. The relatively fertile SCLM beneath the mobile belts surrounding the craton is interpreted as largely Archean SCLM, metasomatised and mixed with younger material during Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic rifting and compression. This implies that at least some of the observed secular evolution in SCLM composition worldwide may reflect the reworking of Archean SCLM. There are strong correlations between mantle composition and the lateral variations in seismic velocity shown by detailed tomographic studies. Areas of relatively low Vp within the craton largely reflect the progressive refertilisation of the Archean root during episodes of intraplate magmatism, including the Bushveld (2 Ga) and Karroo (ca. 180 Ma) events; areas of high Vp map out the distribution of relatively less metasomatised Archean SCLM. The relatively low Vp of the SCLM beneath the mobile belts around the craton is consistent with its fertile composition. The seismic data may be used to map the lateral extent of different types of SCLM, taking into account the small lateral variations in the geotherm identified using the techniques described here.  相似文献   

17.
Mantle xenoliths from Hainan and Qilin, South China have been studied to constrain the nature of the upper mantle and mantle processes beneath a continental margin. The extremely low Ti (160–245 ppm) contents in clinopyroxenes from some spinel lherzolites, indicative of high degrees of partial melting are inconsistent with the relatively high clinopyroxene modes (7.4–13%) in these samples. This inconsistency could be due to polybaric melting that started in the garnet stability field, then, after the breakdown of garnet to pyroxene and spinel, continued in the spinel stability field. Polybaric melting, due to adiabatic decompression of upwelling mantle, would leave a residual mantle in which the degree of depletion decreases with depth. The predicted stratified lithospheric mantle is evidenced by the negative correlation between the forsterite content in olivine and the equilibration temperature, proportional to the depth in the lithosphere from which the xenolith was derived. The lower part of the lithospheric mantle beneath South China consists predominantly of fertile and moderately depleted peridotites, which are either devoid of LREE enrichment, or show the trace element signature of incipient metasomatism, and plot within the Phanerozoic mantle domain. In contrast, the upper part of the mantle contains harzburgite and cpx-poor lherzolite, which are strongly affected by metasomatism of melt/fluid of highly variable composition. The anomalously high orthopyroxene mode (up to 47%) makes some of these refractory samples compositionally similar to the Proterozoic/Archean mantle. Their low equilibrium temperature (800–900 °C) points to the presence of old lithospheric relicts in the uppermost mantle beneath South China. Such lithosphere architecture may have resulted from partial replacement of Archean–Proterozoic lithosphere by asthenosphere that rose adiabatically subsequent to lithospheric thinning during the Cenozoic.  相似文献   

18.
关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄作用,主要有两种模型:(1)岩石圈拆沉;(2)热侵蚀和/或化学交代。文中主要从岩浆活动与构造变形两个途径,通过(1)燕山带造山幕和结构要素组合以及造山过程的p-T-t轨迹;(2)收缩构造变形、火成岩构造组合和下地壳岩石捕虏体3个独立证据提出陆壳的构造加厚;(3)火成岩成因的壳幔相互作用模型和热模拟等,试图讨论华北地区克拉通有浮力的岩石圈如何转变为密度大的岩石圈,随之发生拆沉作用,而不是热侵蚀或化学交代机制使岩石圈地幔改造为EMI印记实现的减薄作用。大量对流的软流圈物质注入克拉通是诱发陆壳发生局部熔融所必需的条件。底侵玄武质岩浆的加热并弱化先前的冷和强的克拉通地壳,创造一个流变学条件,以使收缩构造变形和陆壳加厚成为可能。陆壳最下部和岩石圈地幔中形成的大量玄武质岩石,在构造加厚作用下,相转变为榴辉岩,致使原先有浮力的岩石圈转变为密度大的岩石圈,随之发生拆沉作用。  相似文献   

19.
Anhydrous spinel lherzolite and harzburgite xenoliths from Tres Lagos, situated inboard of the Volcanic Arc Gap (VAG) in southernmost Patagonia, are samples of a depleted lithospheric mantle and can be divided into two major groups: metasomatized and non-metasomatized. Metasomatized samples, which are the minority, are partly mylonitized and their metasomatism is related to this tectonic process. A group of non-metasomatized samples have enriched whole rock LREE-abundances that are not consistent with the depleted LREE-abundances in their clinopyroxenes. Intergranular host basalt infiltration could be responsible for the whole rock LREE enrichments. Their Sr- and Nd-isotopic ratios have also been affected by host basalt infiltration, whereas their high Sr-isotopic ratios point to subsequent contamination by ground-water and/or Ca-rich surface solutions. Similar contamination is thought to cause the decoupling of Sr- and Nd-isotopes (high Sr- and Nd-isotopic ratios) observed in the non-metasomatized samples with depleted whole rock LREE. A two-stage partial melting process could be responsible for the origin of the Tres Lagos xenoliths. Model calculations have shown that in the first stage, 2% of batch melting took place in the garnet peridotite field and subsequently the residue experienced 2–8% batch melting in the spinel peridotite field. The Tres Lagos peridotites have not been affected by subduction-related metasomatic processes and they could represent an old lithospheric mantle.  相似文献   

20.
Mantle-derived xenoliths and xenocrysts in Pale-ozoic diamondiferous ki mberlites in Mengyin (Shan-dong Province) and Fuxian (Liaoning Province) showthe presence of a cold,thick lithospheric mantle be-neath the North China craton ( NCC) in the MiddleOrdovician ( Griffin et al ., 1998 ; Menzies et al .,1993 ;Fan and Menzies ,1992) . However ,studies onmantle peridotites captured in the Tertiary to Neo-gene basalts of the NCC have revealed the existenceof a thin, hot and fertile lithosph…  相似文献   

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