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1.
蛇绿岩型金刚石的特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
蛇绿岩型金刚石产在蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中,不同于产在大陆克拉通的金伯利岩型金刚石,也不同于产在板块俯冲带中的超高压变质型金刚石和陨石撞击成因的金刚石。蛇绿岩型金刚石的主要特征是粒度普遍较小,多数在200~500μm之间,C同位素显示极低的δ13CVPDB值(-28‰~-18‰),金刚石中包裹体以含富Mn的矿物为特征,金刚石产在蛇绿岩大洋地幔橄榄岩中,其构造背景为板块缝合带。金伯利岩型金刚石粒度可达厘米级,是大颗粒宝石级金刚石的主要来源,其C同位素显示轻微低的δ13CVPDB值(-10‰~-5‰),包裹体矿物多为富Mg的矿物组合,金刚石产在克拉通和大陆岩石圈构造背景。超高压变质带中的金刚石颗粒十分细小,由数微米至100μm,C同位素为中等低的δ13CVPDB值(-15‰~-7‰),金刚石通常与碳酸岩和地壳成因矿物伴生,含有金刚石的超高压变质岩石形成的构造背景为板块深俯冲边界。形成于陨石撞击的金刚石产出和研究均较少,金刚石通常也是微米级,产出在陨石撞击形成的变质岩中,伴生矿物的成分与与撞击变质的原岩有关。以上四类金刚石无论野外和室内区分显著,由此,可以将蛇绿岩型金刚石归为地球上一种新的金刚石产出类型。 相似文献
2.
红外吸收光谱是鉴定云母族矿物的有效方法之一。通过云母红外光谱的分析,能够深入了解类质同像的取代关系。本文将叙述白云母-多硅白云母系列中,类质同像置换的红外吸收特征在矿物学和地质学方面的应用。实验所用样品中有五个采自河南信阳变质带,7个样品采自西藏喜马拉雅变质带、雅鲁藏布江变质带和嘉玉桥变质带,还有4个伟晶岩型的样品。红外光谱的样品制备,是采用通常的固体钾-溴压片法,仪器为IR-450型红外光谱仪。单位分子式中离子数的计算结果列于表1,表2列出所获得的红外吸收频率(厘米-1)。 相似文献
3.
中国主要高压-超高压变质带的大地构造背景及俯冲/折返机制的探讨 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
造山带中发现超高压矿物柯石英和金刚石,被认为与洋壳或陆壳岩片的深俯冲(>100km)有关。但探讨这些岩片是如何俯冲和折返的？却是一个极具挑战的难题。目前,中国境内含榴辉岩的高压超高压（HP/UHP）变质带已经发现11条,此外,世界各地发现的高压超高压变质带还有至少20条。高压超高压变质带,特别是中国众多的HP-UHP变质带,在什么特定的大地构造条件中形成？又是在怎样的构造背景下折返而剥露地表？中国大陆上为什么出现众多规模可观的HP-UHP变质带？为什么出现洋壳（深）俯冲与陆壳（深）俯冲不同类型的HP-UHP带？这是本文试探讨的问题。根据中国境内的11条高压/超高压变质带形成时代和区域构造背景,将其分为4类：Ⅰ.始特提斯（早古生代）高压/超高压变质带,包括（1）柴北缘-南阿尔金超高压变质带,（2）北祁连-北阿尔金高压变质带,（3）东秦岭超高压变质带;Ⅱ.古特提斯高压/超高压变质带,包括（4）大别高压/超高压变质带,（5）苏鲁高压/超高压变质带,（6）西藏羌塘高压变质带;（7）西藏松多（超）高压变质带;Ⅲ.新特提斯高压/超高压变质带,包括（8）雅鲁藏布江东构造结南迦巴瓦（超）高压变质带;Ⅳ.古亚洲域南缘高压/超高压变质带,包括（9）新疆西南天山超高压变质带,（10）甘肃北山高压变质带,和（11）冀北高压变质带。中国高压/超高压变质带形成的大地构造背景有洋壳（深）俯冲和陆壳（深）俯冲两大成因类型,认为前者大都与始-古特提斯洋盆中微陆块之间的汇聚碰撞有关;后者为大陆块之间剪式碰撞和撕裂式岩石圈舌形板片深俯冲的产物。由于中国（邻区）大陆是三大陆块与许多小陆块聚集构成的巨大拼合体,小陆块在特提斯洋盆（特别是始、古特提斯洋盆）中的独特位置,使陆块之间的刚性洋盆岩石圈得以（深）俯冲插入小陆块之下。而大陆块之间特殊部位的碰撞为陆壳（深）俯冲创造条件。研究表明,高压/超高压变质岩石和蛇绿岩、混杂堆积、俯冲增生楔一起构成俯冲/折返杂岩带;认为代表印支造山带山根物质的大别-苏鲁高压/超高压俯冲/折返杂岩带,呈面形推覆岩片的构造样式叠置在扬子陆块之上,提出汇聚陆块边缘深部地幔物质折返的“斜向挤出”和“沿岩石圈板片的多层隧道的多重/分片挤出”的两种模式;认为走滑断裂在高压/超高压变质岩石的快速折返中起重要作用,即阿尔金走滑断裂、郯庐走滑断裂和喀喇昆仑走滑断裂,分别制约了阿尔金和祁连山中的南北两条早古生代高压/超高压变质带、大别-苏鲁印支期超高压变质带和喜马拉雅西构造结的喜山期超高压变质带的快速折返。 相似文献
4.
金刚石在自然界中非常稀缺,是极其珍贵的矿产资源。其中,变质成因的金刚石陆续在世界范围内多个超高压变质带被发现,更新了人们对超高压变质作用和板块构造运动的认识,推动了超高压变质带动力学的研究,引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而,对于变质成因金刚石的形成机制,还未形成一致的认识。本文在综述前人研究成果的基础上,介绍了金刚石形成的大地构造背景,研究了其形成所需的地质环境和物理化学条件,并着重对超高压变质带金刚石成因机制进行了探讨,全面分析了温压条件、XCO2、fO2对变质成因金刚石形成的影响。对比发现,当变质作用的峰期压力达到金刚石稳定域且具有较高的温度时(压力>3 GPa,温度为600~1000℃),有利于金刚石的形成,C-O-H流体中的较高CO2含量和较低氧逸度也是超高压变质带金刚石形成的必需因素。另外,金刚石形成后折返早期的降温作用有利于其保存。 相似文献
5.
秦岭发现金刚石:横贯中国中部巨型超高压变质带新证据及古生代和中生代两期深俯冲作用的识别 总被引：92，自引：5，他引：92
在秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩的锆石中发现金刚石和大量石墨包裹体。金刚石具典型的1331～1334cm~(-1)拉曼谱峰。变质金刚石的发现证明秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩经历了超高压变质作用,其俯冲深度>120 km。片麻岩锆石的SHRIMP定年表明,锆石核部代表岩浆事件的年龄或之前的残核年龄为1200～1800 Ma,超高压变质新增生边部的年龄为507±38 Ma,属早古生代。认为北秦岭超高压变质带与印支期大别超高压变质带(240～200 Ma)是时空上两个带。北秦岭超高压变质带向西可以与南阿尔金—柴北缘早古生代(490～440Ma)超高压变质带相连,向东与大别西北部的熊店和浒湾早古生代榴辉岩(420～400 Ma)相连,组成一条沿中央造山带北部分布的加里东期超高压变质带。认为主要分布在大别山南部的印支期超高压变质带应与南秦岭的高压蓝片岩带相连,组成一条分布在中央造山带南部的印支期高压超高压变质带。北秦岭超高压变质带的发现,为中央造山带存在一条西起阿尔金,东至苏鲁的近4000 km的世界上最大的一条超高压变质带的确定提供了新的关键性证据。而沿中央造山带分布的两条超高压变质带说明:①中国南北大陆在早古生代就已拼接在一起,其后,又有印支期的俯冲和碰撞叠加,加里东期超高压变质带主要分布在北部,后者在南部,两者时 相似文献
6.
中国西北地区早古生代柴达木北缘超高压变质带的大陆俯冲：证据来自此带中发现柯石英 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
作者使用激光拉曼微光谱在柴达木北缘超高压变质带与一大型榴辉岩体有关的泥质片麻岩的锆石单矿物中发现柯石英。柯石英呈包体产出。此外,还发现一些石墨包体。这发现表明曾发生原地超高压变质作用。地体很可能是在低于金刚石稳定区压力条件下结晶的。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原北缘早古生代板块构造演化和大陆深俯冲 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
青藏高原北缘北祁连山和柴达木盆地北缘分别发育有2类不同的高压和超高压变质带.北祁连山为典型的环太平洋型俯冲带,榴辉岩锆石的SHRIMP年龄为464 Ma±5 Ma.而柴北缘为典型的大陆俯冲型变质带,片麻岩锆石中的柯石英证明柴北缘是一超高压变质带.石榴橄榄岩中的超硅石榴子石和橄榄石中的钛铁矿等出溶反映其形成深度大于200 km.柴北缘榴辉岩的原岩具有MORB和OIB的特征,并与北祁连山榴辉岩的年龄相同,代表早古生代祁连洋俯冲变质的时代.而含柯石英片麻岩的锆石和石榴橄榄岩超高压变质年龄均为423 Ma,代表大陆地壳深俯冲发生的时间.北祁连山和柴北缘很可能是一个俯冲带从大洋俯冲到大陆碰撞的不同阶段的产物. 相似文献
8.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>大别山,因含柯石英(Xu,1987;Okay et al.,1989;Wang et al.,1989)和金刚石(Xu et al.,1992)超高压变质带出露的规模巨大和岩石类型齐全而闻名于世。它是三叠纪华南板块向华北板块之下俯冲形成的碰撞型造山带,发育了与大陆俯冲-折返-碰撞过程相关的、不同变质等级的构造岩石单位(徐树桐等,2002),从南到北,大别山造山带主要包括宿松变质带、南大别低温榴辉岩带、中大别超高压变质带、北 相似文献
9.
江苏东海预先导孔（CCSD-PPl）超高压岩石变质流体及其演化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导1孔(CCSD-PPH1)位于大别—苏鲁超高压变质带东段的江苏东海县,孔深为432 m,其岩心为一套变质表壳岩、花岗质片麻岩和镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩。它们经历了超高压变质作用和随后的角闪岩相退变质作用。这些岩石中存在四类流体包裹体:①中高盐度CaCl_2-NaCl-H_2O包裹体(Ⅰ型),宿主为榴辉岩中的石榴子石、绿辉石和蓝晶石石英岩中的蓝晶石,可能代表了峰期变质流体;②H2O-CO_2(±N_2)-NaCl±固体的包裹体(Ⅱ型),宿主为榴辉岩中的石英和蓝晶石石英岩中的蓝晶石,可能为超高压岩石折返和退变质期间带入岩石的流体;③中—低盐度水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型),产于蓝晶石石英岩、榴辉岩和片麻岩中。蓝晶石石英岩中的包裹体是部分继承了俯冲阶段变沉积岩脱水-脱挥发分流体;榴辉岩和片麻岩中的中-低盐度水溶液包裹体主要是角闪岩相退变质期间或更晚期捕获的;④中-低密度的富CO_2包裹体(Ⅳ型),沿蓝晶石石英岩石英中的(切)穿颗粒裂隙分布。根据包裹体显微测温数据,从Ⅰ型包裹体的等容线得到的压力值大大低于根据矿物温压计获得的压力。这表明大多数Ⅰ型包裹体的组成和密度在捕获后均发生了不同程度改变。这些变化包括渗漏、部分爆裂和流体-岩石相互作用等。流体包裹体研究也表明本区超高压变质作用峰期流 相似文献
10.
苏鲁超高压变质带中国大陆科学钻探主孔(CCSD-MH)榴辉岩中发现金刚石 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
苏鲁榴辉岩中除了早前发现的一粒金刚石外,最近又发现了6粒,它们具有基本相似的外形和大小,但其晶体结构与普通自然界金刚石和人工合成金刚石存在一定差别.金刚石具有异常X-射线衍射峰以及有磁铁矿的包裹体等特征,表明可以排除这些金刚石是人造或被外来样品混染的可能性.金刚石的再发现,证实苏鲁榴辉岩的形成压力可以达到4GPa以上,并且为大别和苏鲁两个超高压变质带的对比提供了一个重要标志.金刚石的异常晶胞参数和X-Ray异常峰的出现有可能与超高压变质作用有关,但需要实验岩石学研究证实. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献