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1.
华北克拉通的变质沉积岩及其克拉通的构造划分 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
早前寒武纪花岗质岩年龄统计结果显示,华北克拉通经历了3.8,3.3,2.9,2.5和1.8~1.9 Ga等多个旋回才从陆核成长为陆台,与之对应沉积岩也由少变多,大约以500 Ma为一周期。由于沉积作用出现在成陆间歇期,所以二者在时间上相间互补,其状如同显生宙超大陆裂解和拼合的周期交替。这一现象不但是地壳演化的普遍规律,而且也可反过来用沉积岩反映陆壳的演化。然而,早前寒武纪尤其是太古宙的沉积岩毕竟太少,无法用来恢复当时古陆块的面貌,但古元古代的特别是陆缘沉积的孔兹岩,尽管已进入下地壳并成为克拉通基底的组成,则以保存甚多、分布延续,使其重塑克拉通的拼合成为可能。已有的华北克拉通的构造划分方案多种多样,但以陆缘沉积的古元古代孔兹岩作为地块的边界,理当最能反映当时古陆块的面貌。因此,以孔兹岩为主要依据,并综合考虑岩石组合、构造环境、变质p-T轨迹、同位素年龄、以及不变质的沉积盖层等地质特征,将华北克拉通主体从西往东划分为：鄂尔多斯地块 / 晋蒙弧形拼合带 / 冀鲁豫地块 /（郯庐断裂）/ 胶辽地块群等构造单元,所得到的不同于以往的构造轮廓,显示华北陆台并非一统的太古宙克拉通,而是吕梁运动拼合成的古元古代大陆。 相似文献
2.
S. P. Korikovsky A. B. Kotov E. B. Sal’nikova L. Ya. Aranovich D. I. Korpechkov S. Z. Yakovleva E. V. Tolmacheva I. V. Anisimova 《Petrology》2014,22(2):91-108
U-Pb zircon isotopic data on rocks from the Kandalaksha-Umba zone of the Lapland granulite belt in the Por’ya Bay area constrain the age of the protolith of the apodacite (apotonalite) Opx-Bt granulite gneisses at 2799 ± 4 Ma, and the age of the apogabbronorite Grt-Opx-Cpx-Hbl crystalline schists at 2315 ± 23 Ma. The U-Pb sphene age of the magmatic crystallization of the postmetamorphic granodiorites is 1901 ± 5 Ma. The zircon yields the U-Pb age of the contamination of xenogenic zircons, which were captured during the dissolution of xenoliths of the host Grt-Opx-Cpx-Hbl crystalline schists in granodiorite melt. The comparison of the most important attributes of the endogenic histories of the adjacent Lapland Granulite and Belomorian Mobile belts testifies to their similar evolutionary histories: (1) the protolith age of the acid Opx-Bt granulites of the Lapland Belt (2799 ± 4 Ma) coincides with the protolith age of acid gneisses in the Belomorian Belt (2890-2690 Ma); (2) the ages of the gabbronorite protolith of Grt-Opx-Cpx-Hbl granulites in the Lapland Belt (2315 ± 23 Ma) and gabbro-anorthosite in the Kolvitsa Massif (2462-2423 Ma) are close to the protolith age of eclogitized gabbronorites in the Belomorian coronite suite (2.46–2.36 Ga); (3) the age of granulite metamorphism of acid and mafic rocks in the Lapland Belt is 1912–1925 Ma, and the age of eclogite metamorphism of gneisses and metabasites in the Belomorian Belt is approximately 1.9 Ga, i.e., their metamorphism took place in Svecofennian time; (4) the peak pressure of granulite metamorphism in the Lapland Belt was 9–11 kbar at a temperature of 800–850°C, whereas the peak metamorphic parameters of eclogite metamorphism in the Belomorian Belt were 10–12 kbar and 640–700°C. This means that the metamorphic complexes of the Lapland and Belomorian belts had the same Mezo- and Neoarchean protoliths hosting bodies of Paleoproterozoic gabbroids and were completely formed largely by a single cycle of Svecofennian high-pressure zonal metamorphism within a temperature range from the lowest grade of the eclogite to the granulite facies. 相似文献
3.
贺兰山北段结晶基底中保留有不同程度的韧性变形剪切带.通过详细的野外考察和室内显微构造研究,明确贺兰山北段的古元古代基底经历了4期韧性剪切变形:(1)早期顺层剪切带表现出中下部地壳层次的变形样式,运动学特征一致反映了近南北向的伸展;(2)麻粒岩相变质的糜棱片麻岩剪切带为南北向挤压的产物,导致经历高温高压变质的孔兹岩系从下地壳向中部地壳抬升;(3)高级糜棱岩(低角闪岩相-高绿片岩相)剪切带涉及的2次伸展运动(北西-南东向伸展和北东-南西向伸展)使得基底进一步向中部地壳抬升,可能发生在形成孔兹岩系的同一造山运动的晚期伸展垮塌过程中;(4)北东-近东西向左行逆冲绿片岩相糜棱岩剪切带则将结晶基底抬升到中上部地壳层次,其运动学特征与高级糜棱岩剪切带明显不同,可能是另一造山运动的产物.贺兰山北段与大青山-乌拉山地区有相似的韧性剪切带和构造变形,表明华北克拉通西部北缘存在一致的近东西走向的古元古代碰撞造山运动以及随后另一造山运动的改造. 相似文献
4.
The Palaeoproterozoic Lapland Granulite Belt is a seismically reflective and electrically conductive sequence of deep crustal (6–9 kbar) rocks in the northern Fennoscandian Shield. It is composed of garnet-sillimanite gneisses (khondalites) and pyroxene granulites (enderbites) which in certain thrust sheets form about 500 m thick interlayers. The structure was formed by the intrusion of intermediate to basic magmas into turbiditic sedimentary rocks under granulite facies metamorphism accompanied by shearing of the deep crust about 1.93–1.90 Gyr ago (Gal. Granulites were upthrust 1.90–1.87 Ga and the belt was divided by crustal scale duplexing into four structural units whose layered structure was preserved. The thrust structures are recognized by the repetition of lithological ensembles and by discordant structural patterns well distinguishable in airborne magnetic and electromagnetic data. Thrusting gave rise to clockwise pressure-temperature evolution of the belt. However, some basic rocks possibly record an isobaric cooling path. The low bulk resistivity of the belt (200–1000 Ωm) is caused by interconnected graphite and subordinate sulphides in shear zones. On the basis of carbon isotope ratios this graphite is derived mostly from sedimentary organic carbon. The seismic reflectivity of the belt may be caused by velocity and density differences between pyroxene granulites and khondalites, as well as by shear zones. 相似文献
5.
湖北宜昌崆岭群孔兹岩系地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖北宜昌崆岭群孔兹岩系由富铝片岩-片麻岩及榴线英岩类、长英质岩类及镁铁质麻粒岩类组成,其原岩分别为黏土岩、砂岩-杂砂岩和泥灰岩,富铝片麻岩的稀土元素分配型式接近北美页岩组合样(NASC),Eu显示负异常,而Ce基本无异常.富铝片麻岩和榴线英岩的微量元素分配形式与澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)接近.根据风化参数CIW,与NASC、PAAS相近的稀土和微量元素的分布特征以及高w(LREE)/w(HREE)值与Eu负异常综合判断崆岭群孔兹岩系的原岩属于以花岗质岩石为蚀源区的陆屑沉积岩.根据富铝片麻岩和榴线英岩的δ(Ce)值(NASC标准化)及岩组中的石墨推断其原岩沉积环境为还原条件,根据δ(Ce)值(球粒陨石标准化)和镁铝含量比进一步判断其原岩沉积为大陆边缘的陆海过渡-海水沉积.由大量的碎屑沉积-少量化学沉积-有不同程度的化学沉积加入的大量碎屑沉积的沉积建造与岩组中石墨的变化推测该孔兹岩系原岩的形成可能与阜平、五台等旋回(期)的前吕梁旋回(期)黄陵-川中古陆块(或扬子陆块) 的陆核形成有关. 相似文献
6.
内蒙古大青山地区枣儿沟角度不整合的发现与美岱召岩群的建立——孔兹岩系之上的古元古代浅变质地层 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
内蒙古大青山地区是华北克拉通北缘西段以孔兹岩系发育为特征的早前寒武纪变质杂岩发育地区之一。区内，除大面积出露的孔兹岩系之外，还残存有一套由各种石英岩、变粒岩组成的浅变质碎屑沉积地层，前人将其划归乌拉山岩群第四岩组或高角闪岩相孔兹岩系。笔者通过详细的地质填图，发现这套浅变质地层以角度不整合覆盖在孔兹岩系之上，应是孔兹岩系经历了下地壳麻粒岩相变质变形并隆升到地表之后沉积的，形成时代为古元古代，并把这套浅变质地层定名为美岱召岩群。 相似文献
7.
《Precambrian Research》2006,144(3-4):261-277
The English River Subprovince is a prominent belt of metasedimentary rocks in the Archean Western Superior Province. The structure of its western half was investigated by using techniques of enhancement and automatic interpretation of magnetic data, and integration of magnetic-derived information with seismic and gravity data. The results indicate that a suite of exposed felsic plutons that intruded the belt at ca. 2698 Ma extends under most of the metasedimentary rocks that are exposed at the surface. The thickness of the metasedimentary rocks is interpreted to be less than 1 km in areas where it is underlain by the members of this intrusive suite. In other areas, the metasedimentary rocks attain thicknesses of 3–4 km and appear to be underlain by rocks similar to the gneissic rocks that are exposed in the adjacent metaplutonic Winnipeg River Subprovince. The integration of enhanced magnetic data with gravity data indicates that the large gravity anomaly that extends along the English River belt correlates well spatially and morphologically with the extensive suite of felsic intrusions that underlies the belt, suggesting that the crustal component of the gravity anomaly is related to this suite of intrusions. We interpret the source of the gravity anomaly as a dense unit comprising anhydrous mineral assemblages that formed within these felsic intrusions in response to low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism that affected the belt at ca. 2691 Ma. On the basis of geochronological, geological and geophysical constraints, we propose that this metamorphic episode is linked to the continuation of magmatism at depth after the emplacement of the ca. 2698 Ma felsic plutons, being ultimately related to the advection of mantle heat into the crust during a period of regional extension. 相似文献
8.
Allen P. Nutman Jan H. Allaart David Bridgwater Erich Dimroth Minik Rosing 《Precambrian Research》1984,25(4):365-396
The highly deformed c. 3800 Ma Isua supracrustal belt is a fragment of a more extensive Early Archaean sedimentary and volcanic succession intruded by and tectonically intercalated with tonalitic and granitic Amftsoq gneisses in the period 3800-3600 Ma. The supracrustal rocks recrystallised under amphibolite facies conditions between 3800 and 3600 Ma, in the Late Archaean and locally at c. 1800 Ma. Layered sequences of rock of sedimentary and probable volcanic origin form over 50% of the belt. Bodies of high MgAl basic rocks and ultramafic rocks were intruded into the layered sequences prior to isoclinal folding and intrusion of Amitsoq gneisses. The layered rocks which are < 1 km thick are divided into two sequences, that are in faulted contact with each other. The way-up of these sequences has been determined from facing-directions of locally-preserved graded layering in felsic metasediments at several localities. The overall upwards change in sedimentary succession is interpreted as showing change from dominantly basic to dominantly felsic volcanism which provided the major clastic component of the sediments. Clastic sedimentation took place against a background of chemical sedimentation, shown by interlayers of banded iron formation, metachert and calc-silicate rocks throughout the sequences. The felsic rocks locally preserve graded bedding and possible conglomerate structures, indicating deposition from turbidite flows and possibly as debris flows. Nodules in the felsic rocks contain structures interpreted as fiammé. There is an irregular enrichment in K2O/Na2O in many of the felsic rocks at constant SiO2 and Al2O3 content, interpreted as owing to alteration of original andesitic to dacitic volcanic rocks. Banded iron formations locally contain conglomeratic structures suggesting sedimentary reworking, possibly under shallow water conditions. Lithological and geochemical characters of the clastic components of the supracrustal sequences are consistent with derivation from felsic and basic volcanic rocks and do not require a continental source. 相似文献
9.
内蒙古大青山—乌拉山位于华北克拉通北缘,是我国高级区发育较好的区域之一。区内高级变质杂岩总体上呈近东西向延伸,经历多期变质变形作用改造。近水平顺层伸展变形是高级变质杂岩中最早的塑性流动变形作用,发生在下地壳麻粒岩相环境下。变形作用伴随麻粒岩相变质作用、深熔作用,形成了顺层滑动韧性变形带、穹隆构造、层内底辟褶皱和L构造岩等构造形迹组合。这期变形作用不仅导致区内的孔兹岩系和麻粒岩系以近水平构造面接触,也造成孔兹岩系中各个地层单位具有以透镜状岩片堆叠的地层结构,并且还伴随有不同类型的深熔片麻岩形成。近水平顺层伸展变形作用的确立,对研究早前寒武纪高级区地壳形成演化和高级变质地层构造格架的建立具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
10.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):226-236
The present constitution and architecture of the Dabieshan orogenic belt is the combined result of Triassic subduction collision, extensional tectonics postdating the HP and UHP metamorphism, and thermo-tectonic evolution in Mesozoic-Cenozoic time. In addition to Yanshanian and post-Yan-shanian magmatic intrusion, volcanic eruption, and basin deposition, lithotectonic constituents of the Dabie orogenic belt consist mainly of a core complex (CC) unit, an UHP unit, an HP unit, an epidote-blueschist (EBS) unit, and a sedimentary cover (SC) unit. Minor mafic-ultramafic plutons were intruded into or preserved within the CC, UHP, HP, or EBS units. Slices of UHP, HP, and EBS units are progressively sandwiched between the underlying core complex and the overlying sedimentary cover. The distribution of lithotectonic units is controlled by an extensional tectonic framework, which postdates the collisional event. The tectonic pattern of the Dabieshan orogenic belt as a whole is characterized by a general doming, with the development of multi-layered detachment zones. The study of partial melting associated with decompressive retrogression in the UHP unit during exhumation of the eclogites provides us with a better understanding of the relationship between eclogites and the surrounding country rock (socalled UHP gneisses), and the foliated garnet-bearing granites (the non-HP country rocks). It supports the “in situ” interpretation. Anatexis occurred under conditions of amphibolite-facies metamorphism at lower to middle crustal levels. This partial melting associated with decompression is one of the most important physico-chemical processes that postdate the collisional event in the Dabieshan. It signaled the evolution of the deformation regime from compression to extension, and reflected thinning of the continental crust and rapid uplift of UHP metamorphic rocks to middle to lower crustal levels by regional-scale extension. 相似文献
11.
位于华北地台最北缘的夹皮沟金矿带太古代鞍山群主要由两类双峰式灰色片麻岩组成,其原岩均为ＴＴＧ类古侵入体夹拉斑玄武岩质暗色包体,岩石化学上与国外许多太古代高变地体中的灰色片麻岩相似,因而不能作为地层来对待。原“鞍山群”可重新划分为白山镇片麻岩、夹皮沟片麻岩和北西向糜棱岩带三大岩石单元,两类灰色片麻岩之间有一些相似处,但也有许多重要差别,可能代表了不同的构造地体。就现有同位素年代数据和野外产状建立了本区主要地质事件的序列。上述岩石单元的划分及主要地质事件序列的建立对本区构造属性的确定及地壳演化的研究有重要的意义。 相似文献
12.
13.
The 3,622±72 m.y. Uivak gneisses of northern Labrador consist of two major rock suites: regionally developed layered granodioritic gneisses (Uivak I suite) interpreted as derived from earlier tonalitic igneous parents by the massive introduction of potassium and rubidium, and a less extensive group of iron-rich porphyritic granodiorites and ferro-diorites (Uivak II suite) emplaced after at least one major period of deformation and migmatisation had affected the Uivak I gneisses. Samples from both suites fall on the 3,622 m.y. Rb/Sr whole-rock isochron.The age is provisionally interpreted as that of Rb metasomatism and homogenisation affecting both suites. It is suggested that the low initial ratio of 0.7014±0.0008 obtained from both suites need not be diagnostic of a short crustal residence if the evidence for massive addition of Rb to this level of the crust at 3,622 m.y. is accepted. 相似文献
14.
Dr. K. Naha A. K. Chaudhuri P. Mukherji 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,15(3):191-201
The Banded Gneissic Complex of central Rajasthan, the only gneissic basement in India considered to underlie an early Precambrian sedimentary suite unconformably, comprises composite gneisses formed by extensive migmatization of metasedimentary rocks of diverse composition. The migmatites and the metasedimentaries maintain a structural continuity in a plan of superposed deformations, with the migmatite front involved in the early folding but transgressing the stratigraphic boundaries. Structures in the metasedimentary palaeosomes within the gneisses match in their entirety those in the migmatite host and the metasedimentary bands outside. On a smaller scale of microsections, migmatites show para tectonic crystallization with reference to the first deformation. The Banded Gneissic Complex thus loses its unique position in the Indian Precambrians as older than the earliest decipherable sedimentary series, but is older than the Aravalli rocks of the type area, the partially migmatized metasedimentaries belonging to an earlier series. 相似文献
15.
Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf and Pb-Pb isotopic signatures were determined for gneisses and felsic plutons of the La Grande granite-greenstone and the Nemiscau metasedimentary belts of Canada. The northern part of the La Grande belt exposes gneisses of the Langelier complex formed between ca. 2.8 and 2.9 Ga. The gneisses yielded εNd(T) values between −2 and +1, εHf(T) between −1 and +3, initial 207Pb/204Pb ratios of ∼14.9, higher than the value of 14.6 derived from the Stacey-Kramers growth curve, and crustal extraction ages ≥3.0 Ga. Modeling shows that the syn- to late-tectonic intrusions of granitoid rocks record at least 20%, and up to 40%, recycling of this gneissic basement. The southern part of the La Grande belt, where no basement gneisses are exposed, records lower proportions (5-20%) of this crustal end-member. In both parts of the La Grande belt, the post-tectonic plutons record the largest proportion of recycled crust, likely related to southeastward thrusting events in the Superior craton, crustal thickening and concomitant partial melting.The La Grande plutons have isotopic signatures more radiogenic than those of similar intrusions that formed concurrently, to the south, in the Abitibi greenstone belt. This reflects an ancient crust environment for the former vs. an oceanic setting for the latter. Mantle reservoirs with a protracted history of incompatible element depletion were present beneath the whole eastern Superior Province, in the late Archean. 相似文献
16.
桐柏-大别碰撞造山带的基本组成与结构 总被引：37，自引：3，他引：37
桐柏－大别碰撞造山带的组成与结构，主要是印支期碰撞及高压、超高压变质期后伸展构造和中新生代热－构造演化的结果。在组成上，除了燕山期及其后的岩浆活动和盆地堆积产物以外，主要包括核部杂岩单元、超高压单元、高压单元、绿帘－蓝片岩单元和沉积盖层单元等，此外还有一些镁铁质和超镁铁质岩体残留或侵入其中。桐柏－大别碰撞造山带的整体结构样式类似于北美西部的变质核杂岩带，即以总体具穹隆形态及多层拆离滑脱带的发育为特征，构成了以罗田和桐柏山为核部的两个穹隆。超高压单元、高压单元和绿帘蓝片岩单元作为不同的岩片夹持于核部杂岩和沉积盖层之间，其分布格局受碰撞期后伸展构造格架所制约。 相似文献
17.
To decipher the geodynamic significance of Cenozoic magmatism along the Red River shear belt, geochemical analyses, U-Pb and Rb-Sr dating, and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope tracing were undertaken. Zircon, monazite, titanite, and a Ti-U-oxide from foliated granitoid intrusions in the shear belt gneisses yield U-Pb emplacement ages of 33.1?±?0.2 (2σ), 31.9?±?0.3, 25.8?±?0.2 and 24.7?±?0.2?Ma, and an age of 35.0?±?0.3?Ma was obtained for the roughly 100?km long, adjacent Jinping (Phan Si Pang) alkali granite. Together with our previous data the new ages suggest that magmatism and left-lateral strike-slip movements occurred coevally during latest Eocene–Oligocene times from 33 to 22?Ma. The Rb-Sr dating of muscovite and biotite from the northernmost gneisses indicates that cooling to 500?°C occurred at 52.6?±?1.1?Ma, pre-dating the onset of magmatism, whereas further cooling to 300?°C took place at 28.9?±?0.6. This shows that unroofing in the north took place almost 9?million years earlier than in the central gneiss segments of the shear zone. Geochemical data substantiate two types of magmas: (1) amphibole-bearing intrusions of alkaline trend which are derived from sources with Isr: 0.7065–0.7089 and i Nd: ?3.7 to ?6.6; (2) leucogranitic layers and bodies having Isr: 0.7084–0.7354 and i Nd: ?3.3 to ?13.4. The former type of intrusion is found in both the gneisses and the adjacent unmetamorphosed cover rocks, whereas leucogranites are restricted to the shear belt gneisses. Source signatures of the alkaline intrusions lie adjacent to the those of OIB, plotting at the lower end of the Mantle Array. Contamination of these melts by continental material seems to be very limited. On the other hand, the leucogranitic layers are essentially crustal derived but none of the them has country rock isotope signatures, requiring melting of crust different from the actually exposed gneisses. Magma sources similar to those of ocean island basalt indicate magmatism to involve melting of light rare earth element and large ion lithophile element enriched mantle domains, most likely present in the lithosphere underneath the region. Since lithospheric thickening or subduction can be ruled out to produce both types of magmas, the presence of an important thermal anomaly is required, which is coevally active with left-lateral strike-slip shear. Adiabatic decompression and melting within the rising anomaly is the most plausible mechanism to produce the mantle magmas, which successively migrate through the crust to induce anatectic melting at 20–15?km crustal depth. Alkaline magmas largely dominate the volume of magmatism along the belt, being continuously present in the shear zone for millions of years. Such lubrication potentially explains how very large amounts of displacement can be absorbed in surprisingly narrow shear zones such as the Red River belt, possibly also playing a rôle for where and when zones of plate-scale lateral extrusion develop. 相似文献
18.
This note reports new occurrences of syenite bodies around Marunthurkota area from the Kerala khondalite belt (KKB). Petrological
and geochemical studies suggest that the syenites have a pronounced A-type affinity, metaluminous characteristics with high
concentrations of alkalies, Rb, Sr, Zr, and high K2O/Na2O ratio. Miaskitic nature (agpaitic index<1) of syenite suggest involvement of CO2 related phase in their genesis. The petrological characteristics signify crystallization of the rock at shallow levels within
the crust. Geochemistry favours mantle origin of the magma and enrichment of Ba and Sr are indicative of involvement of carbonatite
melt in the source region. The study envisages the presence of a juvenile CO2 enriched upper mantle below the southern Indian continental crust during the Pan-African time. 相似文献
19.
The Adobha Belt consists largely of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary sequences and syntectonic granitoids. Identification of the ancient tectonic setting of the belt has been attempted using trace element (including rare earth element) geochemical data on igneous suites. The Himbol volcanics of the Nakfa Terrane represent a calc-alkaline island-arc setting, while the Uogame basalts and associated gabbros characterise a tholeiitic, transitional MORB setting. The chemistry and petrographic features of the basalts and gabbros clearly suggest that they are parts of a dismembered ophiolite. Other authors' work shows that further to the west, the Hager Terrane belongs to a calc-alkaline island-arc setting. The Uogame ophiolitic suite thus portrays a MORB crust sandwiched between two island-arc terranes. Based on the fact that the MORB-type crust occurs within a high strain zone that extends for several hundreds of kilometres along strike, it is concluded here that it represents a terrane-bounding Neoproterozoic ophiolite belt. It is further suggested that this belt might outline a suture that signifies the collision between the island-arcs. 相似文献
20.
Nigel B. W. Harris 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,55(1):91-104
Garnet and cordierite bearing Archean gneisses are a common rock-type in the English River gneiss belt of the Superior Province, northern Ontario. Bulk compositions of such gneisses are found to be depleted in potassium with respect to the garnet and/or cordierite-free biotite gneisses. The mineral assemblages of the garnet and cordierite gneisses indicate that they have equilibrated at higher metamorphic grades than the garnet and/or cordierite-free biotite gneisses. These, observations suggest that anatexis has occurred in the garnetiferous regions of the gneiss belt resulting in a granite melt which had migrated from the source rocks, thereby depleting the garnetiferous restite in potassium. 相似文献