共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以受尾矿库渗滤液重金属离子Pb2+、Cd2+污染的地下水为研究对象,用天然矿物材料红辉沸石与膨润土作为反应渗透墙(PRB)的活性介质填充材料,试验结果表明,膨润土∶红辉沸石=1∶7,PRB渗透系数处于10-4cm/s数量级且随时间下降最为缓慢;PRB对单一组分Pb2+和单一组分Cd2+去除率分别达99.95%和99.995%;但在双组分PRB体系中,重金属离子Pb2+的存在显著地抑制了PRB对Cd2+的吸附作用,优先选择性吸附顺序是Pb2+Cd2+。 相似文献
2.
海水入侵水质变化模拟实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过模拟海水入侵地下水过程的实验,研究了青岛地区海水对不同土壤浸泡上清液中各种元素的变化,得出了海水入侵过程中常规离子如Cl-、HCO3-、P和Ca2 的变化规律。与此同时,海水含有一定量重金属。在与不同土壤浸泡过程中,实验中分析了Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Mn和Zn共7种元素。上清液中Ni、Cd和Zn浓度增加,Pb、Cu和Cr的浓度略有降低或基本不发生变化。用饮用水和蒸馏水分别与不同土壤浸泡作参比实验,上清液中各种元素基本不发生变化。浸出液中基本上不含重金属。另外,应用海水、饮用水和蒸馏水与不同土壤浸泡时,所有上清液中均未检测出Mn元素。因此,海水入侵过程中,地下水不仅变咸,也使地下水重金属增加。 相似文献
3.
成都平原农田区土壤重金属元素环境基准值初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土壤重金属污染已成为制约人类社会发展及危害人类健康的重要因素,制定土壤重金属元素的环境基准值对控制土壤重金属污染及保护生态安全具有重要意义。以成都平原农田区为例,以保护地下水安全为目的,以室内模拟淋溶实验为手段,尝试性地计算了研究区不同类型土壤重金属元素的环境基准值。研究结果表明:(1)不同类型土壤各元素在土壤—水间的分配系数差异较大;(2)不同类型土壤Hg和Cd环境基准值差异不大,Hg环境基准值平均为0.3μg/g,Cd的变化范围为0.3～0.5μg/g;As和Pb环境基准值差异较大,As的变化范围为18～24μg/g;Pb的变化范围为24～41μg/g;(3)研究区土壤基本处于保护饮用水的安全范围之内,但黄壤中Pb、紫色土中Cd和Pb、棕壤中Hg和Pb具有潜在的影响地下水安全的生态风险。这对研究区进行风险评估具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征,以西南岩溶地下水污染调查评价中广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水数据为基础,对该地区27件样品的重金属含量特征、重金属间相关关系、重金属与其它化学组分的相关性以及地下水重金属分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:研究区地下水中重金属含量整体偏低,平均质量浓度顺序为Fe＞(Al)＞Zn＞Mn＞Pb＞Se＞As＞Cd,重金属平均质量浓度均小于中国生活饮用水标准值,且绝大部分重金属含量远远低于该标准值。Mn与Fe、As、Al存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,Zn与Pb、Cd存在明显的相关性,Se与其它７种重金属的相关性均不明显,可能是由于Se与其它重金属的来源差异较大所致。地下水的酸碱性对重金属的富集影响较小,但地下水中主化学成分HCO3-和Ca2+对重金属的富集有较大影响,TDS对绝大部分重金属的影响较小,对As和Cd具有一定的影响。地下水中Mn、Zn、As、Pb、Cd、Se、Al、Fe质量浓度在空间上表现出一定的地区分布特点,整体上重金属高浓度点主要集中在马山县城周围以及古寨、乔利街乡镇周围。 相似文献
5.
山东烟台环境介质中重金属元素富集特征及与酸化土壤的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用山东省烟台市生态地球化学调查及相关专题研究所取得的分析测试数据,通过高灵敏度的识别系统和多参数地球化学评价体系的建立,揭示了在重金属污染区内酸化的土壤环境中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素活化迁移的地球化学机制、影响因素,以及浅层地下水和玉米等主要粮食作物籽实中重金属超标的原因及生态危害。与全国土壤基准值和背景值对比,研究区内Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb等元素的基准值相对偏高,Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni元素的背景值相对较高。As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Hg、Pb等存在于Ⅲ级及Ⅲ类以上土壤,是主要致污因子。典型金矿污染区内浅层地下水和玉米籽实中均检出超标重金属元素,影响浅层地下水环境质量的主要指标是Pb。达到Ⅲ类及以上水质标准的采样点数占研究区总采样点数的3.47%;玉米中的Cd含量相对较高。表层酸性、弱酸性土壤占土壤总面积的55.29%,土壤酸化趋势明显。随着土壤酸化程度的加深和范围扩大,导致土壤耕作层可给性营养元素的损失及某些毒性元素(Cd、Pb等)的释出和活化,提高了土壤中主要污染因子Cd、Hg、Ni、Pb、As等重金属的活化迁移能力;富含有机质的土壤中有利于对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的吸收,固重金属元素于土壤中,降低了土壤重金属污染的环境风险水平。研究结果为土壤修复、降低土壤重金属毒性提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
6.
用赤泥去除酸性矿井水中重金属污染物的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用碱性赤泥去除酸性矿井水中的污染物。通过比较不同的赤泥改性方法、赤泥改性温度、反应温度、反应时间及赤泥和矿井水不同的固液比等条件下水样中的pH值和Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb重金属元素的去除率，获得各污染物元素的最佳去除条件。为治理赤泥和酸性矿井水的污染开辟一条新的途径。 相似文献
7.
鄱阳湖平原作为长江中下游平原的重要组成部分,随着城镇化进程的快速推进,由于工矿业污染物、农村生活污水和农业生产废水向地下水的过量排放,农村地下水污染程度和范围不断扩大,为了解鄱阳湖平原地下水重金属污染状况,本研究在大量的水文地质调查和水化学样品测试基础上,分析该区地下水中重金属Cu、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cd含量特征,利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的健康风险评价模型对鄱阳湖平原地下水重金属进行健康风险评价。研究区171个地下水样品中Cd、Cu、Hg、As、Pb、Cr等6种重金属元素含量变化幅度大,其中Hg、Cd和As平均值超过《地下水环境质量标准》(GB/T14848—2017)Ⅲ类标准,结果表明鄱阳湖平原地下水水质受人为影响大,局部地下水存在严重的污染。致癌物健康风险评价结果显示,Cr、As和Cd的平均个人年健康风险值均大于可接受风险值,Cr的健康风险值最大,是主要的致癌因子,As次之,Cd最低;非致癌物质健康风险结果显示,Hg、Pb和Cu的健康风险水平表现为Hg>Pb>Cu,属于可忽略风险。区域饮水途径上的健康风险主要来自致癌物质,总体上男性健康风险大于女性的健康风险。鄱阳湖平原地下水水质污染状况研究及治理监管工作提供理论依据,为其他区域地下水重金属的监测和质量控制提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
8.
以广西大厂镇鲁塘铅锌矿尾砂为研究对象,通过淋滤实验研究了不同氧化还原条件下尾砂中Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb和As等元素的活化和迁移规律。结果表明：经高浓度氧化、高浓度还原条件处理的尾矿表现为pH<7的酸性环境,经低浓度氧化环境条件处理的尾砂呈现pH>7的弱酸性至弱碱性环境;尾砂中Cu、Cd元素活化迁移受pH值的影响明显,即高浓度还原和高浓度氧化条件可以促进Cu和Cd元素的迁移,酸性条件对Cu和Cd元素的迁移起到促进作用;Zn与Cd元素存在竞争吸附关系,但二者仍有明显差别;Pb和As元素受到还原条件的影响,能有效促进Pb和As元素的释放迁移。在淋滤实验前期,铅锌矿的表面阻力较小,由于环境酸碱性的改变,初始尾砂对重金属元素的吸附位能发生变化,重金属元素初期迁移能力得到加强;淋滤后期,矿物颗粒表面由于发生氧化还原反应,促使颗粒表面的阻力增加,重金属元素的溶出量减少,迁移能力受到抑制。 相似文献
9.
循环流化床燃烧产生的粉煤灰按不同比例与污水充分混合,其对污水中P的去除率可达90%以上;对COD的去除率为45%左右;对NH3-N的去除效果较差,最高不超过11%。由于粉煤灰含有大量钙,可以与粉煤灰中的磷酸盐形成沉淀,故采用循环流化床产生的粉煤灰可以有效处理含P较高的污水。文章研究了粉煤灰中重金属在污染水中释放规律,如Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr及Ni等,由于粉煤灰与污水浸泡后pH值呈碱性,且污水中含有大量有机物质,使反应体系呈还原状态。因此,粉煤灰中的重金属可以稳定存在,粉煤灰在污水中几乎不释放重金属,所以未加任何处理的粉煤灰在浸泡过程中不会对环境产生重金属污染。为此,粉煤灰可用于井下采空区回填,也可用于路基填充等。由于粉煤灰中少量碱性物质溶于水中,可使地下水pH值升高。 相似文献
10.
珠江三角洲污灌区地下水重金属含量及其相互关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了解污灌区地下水重金属含量特征,采集地表水样5组、地下水样14组进行化学组分定量分析。结果表明：污灌区地下水8种重金属元素中,仅有Ni和As两种元素超标,超标率分别为14.3％和42.9％。8种重金属含量在污灌区地表水、工厂废水以及地下水中存在明显的对应关系。Ni、Zn、Se、Cd这4种元素间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,Cu与Pb和Cd分别呈极显著和显著的正相关关系,Cr仅与Ni呈显著的正相关关系,As与其它7种元素的相关性均不明显。聚类分析结果显示8种重金属可分为4类：Pb和Cu一类,Se、Cd、Ni、Zn一类,Cr和As均单独一类。Pb和Cu与Fe的相似性最好,Se、Cd、Ni、Zn与Mg2+存在较好的相似性,Cr与HCO－3的相似性最好,As与SO2－4存在一定的相似性。 相似文献
11.
J. N. Bhakta Y. Munekage K. Ohnishi B. B. Jana 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(3):433-440
The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify the metal-resistant lactic acid bacteria from sediments of coastal aquaculture habitats for removal of cadmium and lead from ambience. Collected sediment samples were used to isolate the cadmium- and lead-resistant bacterial colonies by spread plate technique using agar media (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) supplemented with cadmium or lead at 50?mg/l. Isolates were identified by bacterial colony polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Metal removing probiotic was determined by characterizing the lactic acid yield in culture media, viability in fish intestine, metal-resistant and metal-removal efficiencies. 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing data of five (Cd10, Cd11, Pb9, Pb12 and Pb18) and other all isolates clearly showed 99?% similarities to Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The Pb12 exhibited higher lactic acid yield (180?mmol) than that of the remaining E. faecium strains and excellent viability without pathogenicity; therefore, further study was carried out using Pb12 strain. The selected Pb12 strain showed elevated metal resistant (minimum inhibitory concentrations 120 and 800?mg/l for cadmium and lead, respectively) and removal efficiencies [Cadmium 0.0377?mg/h/g and lead 0.0460?mg/h/g of cells (wet weight)]. From the viability and metal removal points of view, it can be concluded that isolated metal-resistant E. faecium Pb12 strains might be used as potential probiotic strains for removing heavy metals from fish intestinal milieu to control the progressive bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the fish. 相似文献
12.
R. Fatemitalab M. Zare S. Kardar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(5):1229-1234
Heavy metals toxicity is a significant problem for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons. This study was carried out to evaluate the amount of cadmium, zinc and lead absorption in leaf and root of pine, cypress, plantain and ash in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. For this purpose, three heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and three sites (heavy traffic, moderate traffic and control) were chosen based on their effects on human health. The results indicated that the highest and lowest lead and cadmium concentrations belonged to heavy traffic site and control site, respectively. Cd in leaf versus Pb in leaf and Cd in root versus Pb in root had the highest correlation coefficient among the traits indicating positive influence of leaf and root on absorbing Cd and Pb from soil, water and air. In all the studied species, the concentration of Pb was higher than that of Cd and Zn. This was certainty due to the vehicle traffic emitting much more lead than cadmium and zinc. In all the studied species, metal concentration in leaves was higher than in roots, which may be due to high concentration of heavy metals in air than in soil. In this study, Pinus eldarica Medw. tree was found to be the best species to monitor polluted sites in Isfahan city. 相似文献
13.
The importance of polluted alluvial soils as a potential diffuse source of heavy metals was investigated in a catchment of
the Matylda stream affected by an abandoned lead and zinc ore mine in Upper Silesia, southern Poland. This was attempted by
means of standard groundwater analyses performed together with measurements of Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in soil
and groundwater. The Matylda stream, receiving mine water, was converted in the 20th century into a straight channel directed
in its middle reach over the valley bottom. This changed the drainage direction of the Matylda stream water. During mining
operations, groundwater seepage, combined with surface drainage by shallow ditches caused pollution of sandy soils exceeding
over 100 mg/kg of Cd, 24% of Zn and 4% of Pb at surface or subsurface soil horizons, and reaching at least 60 cm in depth.
After mine closure in the 1970s, the network of ditches appears to be a source of Ca, Mg, chlorides, carbonates and nitrates,
as indicated by the more or less regular increase of these major ion concentrations in groundwater down ditches. Whereas,
the ditches are a sink rather than a source of zinc, cadmium and lead in permanently dry reaches, or transition zones in reaches
with surface water flowing periodically. The metal concentrations and distribution in soil and groundwater suggest the slow
mobilization of heavy metals stored in the valley bottom and the minor importance of soil as a diffuse source for surface
water pollution. 相似文献
14.
Removal of heavy metals from paint industry’s wastewater using Leca as an available adsorbent 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
M. Malakootian Ph. D. J. Nouri Ph.D. H. Hossaini 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(2):183-190
The ability of light expanded clay aggregate to remove lead and cadmium from paint industry’s effluents was studied at different levels of adsorbent, contact time and pH in April 2008. For this purpose, lead and cadmium removal from paint industry effluents were studied in batch reactors. lead and cadmium measurements have been taken with non-flame atomic absorption techniques and test methods were adapted from 19th. Ed. of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In this study, different amounts of Leca (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/L) were investigated. The amount of adsorbed lead and cadmium exposure to Leca increased from 1.41 to 3 mg/g and 0.22 to 0.75 mg/g, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for Pb was 93.75 % at pH = 7 and exposure to 10 g/L of Leca, while for cadmium, it was nearly 89.7 % at the same condition. In this study, adsorption process of lead and cadmium was fitted with Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R2 Pb = 0.97 and R2 Cd = 0.98). The sufficient contact time was deemed 1–2 h for lead and cadmium. According to the results, Leca is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater. 相似文献
15.
16.
以彭州川芎种植区的菜园土、稻田翻耕土、稻田免耕土和旱地(未种过川芎和蔬菜)四种土壤为研究对象,探讨了不同耕作方式下川芎对土壤中Cd、Pb的富集特征。结果表明:在四种耕作方式下,菜园土中Cd、Pb含量显著高于其他三种土壤,分别为1.10mg·kg-1和29.78mg·kg-1;土壤Cd综合污染指数和Hacanson系数分别为3.76和133.07,处于重污染和强生态危害状态。稻田翻耕土、稻田免耕土和旱地三种类型土壤在Cd含量上差异显著,依次为稻田免耕土(0.86mg·kg-1)稻田翻耕土(0.59mg·kg-1)旱地(0.37mg·kg--1),在Pb含量上三者差异不显著。川芎植株对Cd的富集在菜园土中显著高于其他土壤,表现为菜园土稻田免耕土旱地稻田翻耕土;川芎植株对Pb的富集以在稻田免耕土中最大,依次为稻田免耕土旱地稻田翻耕土菜园土。在四种土壤中,川芎叶片对Cd、Pb的富集能力均大于根茎,其中川芎叶片对Cd的富集能力是根茎的1.37倍,对Pb的富集能力是根茎的1.42倍,二者对Cd的富集能力在菜园土中差异最大(叶/根为1.56),对Pb的富集能力在稻田免耕土中差异最大(叶/根为1.98)。川芎对Cd、Pb的富集主要受轮作作物种类和耕作措施的影响。 相似文献
17.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
R. Vinodhini M.Sc. M.Phil. M. Narayanan M.Sc. Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):179-182
The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The experimental fish was exposed to Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. The elements Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the results were given as μ/g dry wt. The accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases in liver during the heavy metal exposure period. All the results were statistically significant at p < 0.001. The order of heavy metal accumulation in the gills and liver was Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr and Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. Similarly, in case of kidney and flesh tissues, the order was Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. In all heavy metals, the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium proportion was significantly increased in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp). 相似文献
18.
广西象州与横县碳酸盐岩分布区土壤中Cd形态分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
广西壮族自治区碳酸盐岩分布面积为96 372 km2,约占全区陆地国土面积的407%。由碳酸盐岩风化形成的土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属元素普遍富集。初步评价发现,农作物籽实对Cd的吸收量与土壤Cd含量无对应关系,农作物Cd超标多出现在土壤Cd含量较低的地区。进一步研究发现,Cd高含量的土壤中普遍含有铝土矿、Fe Mn结核等颗粒。为了探索土壤中Cd存在形态及其影响因素,选择了含铝土矿和铁锰结核的横县土壤和无铝土矿与铁锰结核的象州土壤,系统研究了土壤Cd形态差异及其影响因素。结果表明：(1)象州土壤中Cd主要以活动态形式存在,生物可利用性高,横县土壤中Cd主要以稳定态形式存在,生物可利用性低。(2)pH值为60是象州土壤Cd活动态含量的突变点,pH值在60处含量达到最大值;而在横县,pH降低使活动态Cd比例增加。(3)象州土壤中活动态Cd随有机质增加而增加,表明Cd被有机质弱吸附;而横县土壤有机质含量与Cd形态无明显相关性。(4)由铝土矿导致的土壤高Cd含量,多以残渣态形式存在,不会对动植物造成危害。 相似文献
19.
对大安河金矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体和硫、铅同位素研究,进一步厘定该矿床成矿经历了石榴石--透辉石、透闪石--阳起石、磁铁矿、石英--硫化物和石英--方解石等5 个阶段,为典型的矽卡岩型矿床。选取典型的三阶段流体包裹体,测得各阶段的成矿温度和盐度分别为: 石榴石--透辉石阶段均一温度177℃～ 600℃,盐度7%～ 12. 2%; 石英硫化物阶段均一温度147℃～ 455℃,盐度1%～ 5%; 石英--方解石阶段均一温度130℃～ 247℃,盐度0. 5%～ 3%。流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、H2O 以及少量CH4。矿石中硫化物的δ34SV － CDT 为－ 2. 9 × 10 － 3～ － 0. 6 × 10 － 3,其组成接近零值,表明成矿物质可能来源于地幔。矿石中硫化物206 Pb /204 Pb = 18. 099 ～ 18. 508,207Pb /204 Pb = 15. 532 ～ 15. 578,208 Pb /204Pb = 38. 071 ～ 38. 176,反映出成矿物质来源的多元性,为壳幔混合来源。 相似文献
20.
Ahmed A. Melegy A. M. Shaban M. M. Hassaan S. A. Salman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(11):4541-4552
Geochemical mobilization of heavy metals in water has been cited as an important factor in many diseases of Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Forty-two groundwater samples were collected from the Quaternary aquifer and eight samples from surface water of Sohag governorate. The results recorded high contamination with cadmium and lead. Besides, about 50 % of samples are contaminated with iron and manganese at an alert level. All the metals under study exhibited an asymmetric statistical distribution in the investigated area. The study identified positive relationship between contaminated water (surface and groundwater) of Sohag with Cd (r s?=?0.43) as well as Pb (r s?=?0.21) and renal failure rate (R.F.R.?=?26 patients/105 capita). The spatial distribution of these two metals (Cd and Pb) showed that they accumulated in the southern part of Sohag Governorate around Albalina District and in the northwestern part at Gehina District, which have the highest R.F.R. This study highlighted the need for more detailed research to assess the different pollutants and their relation to chronic diseases. 相似文献