共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
在分析复杂断层构造扰动下的区块G的多点实测地应力分布特点的基础上,通过建立符合研究区地质特点的数值模型,采用基于有限元法及数学约束优化理论的有限元约束优化反演法对研究区的三维地应力场进行了模拟,得到了与实测值吻合良好的结果。通过对反演得到的地应力分布特征进行分析,探讨了复杂断层对区域地应力状态的影响。研究结果表明：断层附近的地应力分布主要受其邻近断层的扰动影响,且受扰乱程度与断层的几何尺寸以及离断层的距离等因素相关;由于断层的扰动作用,断层附近地应力分布十分复杂,尤其是断层端部尖灭区的地应力分布更是如此,因此,有限“点”的实测应力值不能全面反映断层发育区地应力场的全貌,三维数值模拟是区域地应力场定量分析与评价的不可缺少的手法。 相似文献
2.
临汾区块地应力三维数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在地质构造分析和岩石力学性质测试的基础上,进行了临汾区块的地应力有限元三维数值模拟研究,探讨了地应力在区域和层域上的分布规律及其对区内煤层气成藏的影响。研究表明,应力强度总体上随深度递增,断层对应力强度分布具有明显的影响;断层附近应力强度的最大值分布在断层与断层的交叉点、断层与底部硬质岩层界面附近,应力性质在断层夹块内和支断层一侧发生转变出现拉应力区,断层与地表的交点附近也呈现局部拉应力区;煤层软弱带呈现应力降低。研究区的地应力分布特征有利于煤层气从深部向浅部运移,并在背斜轴部相对富集。 相似文献
3.
《地质科技情报》2015,(6)
犁式正断层是在局部或区域张应力体制下形成,产生于伸展体制下有韧性岩石垫底的脆性岩石中。犁式正断层在平面上呈弯曲状,断层两侧发育次级断层,具分支复合特征;在剖面上,随深度增加,断层倾角逐渐变缓,并且形成分支产状较陡的次级断层,断距逐渐变大。黔东松桃西溪堡大型锰矿床发育的F1断层为犁式正断层,其发生伸展作用的时间应与早白垩世区域挤压构造体制向伸展构造体制转换的时间一致。整个F1断层及其分支断层造成含锰岩系呈阶梯状下降拉伸,造成含锰岩系的不连续,越往深部,断层滑脱面越趋于平缓,拉空带宽度愈加增加。该断层及其次级断层将含锰岩系破坏并断切为几个部分,影响了含锰岩系的连续性,形成矿体-拉空带-矿体这种空间组合形态。F1断层上盘的下降,造成了上盘含锰岩系的埋深加大。因此,在找矿预测中,应充分考虑断层断距差异,合理圈出拉空带,从而避免在探矿过程中打到拉空带。 相似文献
4.
基于声波测井资料的地应力分布研究——以饶阳凹陷任北奥陶系潜山为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以饶阳凹陷任北奥陶系潜山为例,基于声波测井资料确定了岩石力学参数,视区域边界荷载为未知数,目标井地应力为约束,求解得出区域所受边界力;据此建立地质模型、计算模型、力学模型,对研究区的地应力进行了数值模拟,得出该区域地应力的分布规律及特点。研究结果表明,通过数值模拟求得的地应力值与实际测量地应力值吻合较好;研究区水平最大主应力值主要集中在-61～-118 MPa,水平最大主应力方向中北部为北西方向,南部为近南北方向;最小水平主应力值主要集中在-31～-91 MPa,北部最小应力值方向为北东方向,南部为近东西方向。断裂带附近是应力变化的梯度带,断裂带内主应力值较连续地层小,断层对水平主应力的分布具有显著影响。 相似文献
5.
《中国煤炭地质》2021,(8)
现今地应力场影响煤层渗透率、压裂缝形态以及煤层气井的部署和施工,在煤层气勘探开发中具有至关重要的作用。我国滇东北新庄地区煤层结构简单稳定,煤层气含量较丰富,但目前该地区研究程度较低,实测地应力数据少,对压裂工艺以及煤层气高效开发不能提供充足的数据支持。为查明研究区煤层现今地应力分布,在现有实测地应力与岩石力学参数基础上,选取区内最具开发潜力的上二叠统龙潭组C_5煤层作为研究对象,利用三维有限元数值模拟的方法预测研究区现今地应力分布特征。结果表明:研究区以埋深650 m为界,以浅为走滑应力状态,以深主要表现为走滑-正断型应力状态。研究区C_5煤层最大水平主应力为13.0～37.5 MPa;最小水平主应力为9.0～33.0 MPa,整个区内的高应力集中在东北部,低应力区主要出现在南部边缘。煤层地应力受构造作用、煤岩类型及埋藏深度等影响,断层带附近的应力值相对较小,且水平应力差值明显大于其它区域,越靠近向斜核部应力值越大,水平应力差值也越大。研究成果期望可以为新庄地区煤层气勘探开发提供新的地质参考。 相似文献
6.
断层面摩擦强度是评价煤炭开采中应力扰动诱发断层滑动危险性的依据。依托晋城矿区成庄井田,采用理论分析和数值模拟计算方法,分析了断层面摩擦强度对深部地应力的约束机制,研究了成庄井田F13断层及其在不同摩擦强度条件下对回采工作面顶板稳定性、超前支承压力分布和断层滑动的影响规律。研究结果表明:地壳深部最大与最小主应力比值受断层面摩擦强度的限制,当其达到临界方向断层的摩擦强度极限时,断层就会发生滑动;断层破碎带的存在导致初始应力场扰动,形成断层带低应力区及高应力集中区,在回采过程中将直接影响煤层顶板移动变形和采动应力分布;断层面摩擦强度较小时,工作面开采至断层附近顶板下沉量及断层上下盘错动位移较大,支承压力峰值由大变小明显,断层面上剪应力与正应力的比值易达到断层面的摩擦系数,断层滑动的危险性较大。 相似文献
7.
苏北金湖凹陷内部断裂发育并活动强烈,不同规模、性质、时期的断层交织在一起共同控制了凹陷内油气资源的形成与分布。铜城断裂带位于金湖凹陷南部,是龙岗次凹和汊涧次凹之间的构造高带。古近系沉积期间经历了吴堡和三垛运动,形成复杂的断裂带,组成断鼻—断块油藏。铜城断层平面上表现为一条近南北向的线状主位移带,主断层倾向南段东倾,北段西倾;铜城断层两侧发育一系列次级正断层,东盘次级正断层走向北东,倾向北西,西盘次级正断层走向近东西向,倾向北北西,这些次级正断层与铜城断层呈锐角相交,构成雁列构造。关于铜城断裂带的构造演化特征,长期以来存在不同的认识。基于构造演化剖面的分析并结合构造应力场数值模拟,认为铜城断裂带古近纪经历了由简单到复杂的演化过程,阜宁组沉积期,在NW—SE向区域拉张应力作用下,受杨村断层的控制,在杨村断层下降盘形成一系列与其近平行的次级断层;三垛组沉积晚期,在近东西向区域挤压应力作用下形成铜城逆断层,并发育断展背斜;三垛组沉积末期,铜城断层表现为"P"剪切走滑正断层。 相似文献
8.
秦岭洛南-栾川断裂带具有左旋斜向俯冲的运动学特征,其产状一般为107°/N∠65°。华南板块的俯冲方向为80°,俯冲角度为42°;华南板块运动方向为42°,运动方向与华北板块南部边界的夹角为65°,汇聚角25°。秦岭北缘强变形带内褶皱枢纽延伸方向为290°,与洛南-栾川断裂带存在15°的夹角。逆冲断层走向与褶皱的枢纽方向基本一致,大多数断层与洛南-栾川断裂带有相同的运动学极性,性质为左行平移逆断层。平移正断层走向主要为NE SW,断层性质、展布方向、运动学特征与板块汇聚的应力作用方式吻合;片理、片麻理走向117°,与洛南-栾川断裂带走向夹角为10°。在垂直剪切带的剖面上,系统观察岩石变形特征,测量面理产状,进行岩石有限应变测量,岩石非共轴递进变形分析结果表明:秦岭北缘强变形带内由南向北面理走向与剪切带走向的夹角逐渐增大,岩石剪应变量依次递减,造山带变形具有“三斜对称”特点。 相似文献
9.
本文利用新的有限元方法研究了铲状正断层带在非均匀应力场下错动引起的位移场和应力场。研究发现：① 铲状正断层错动引起的断层面上的最大错距不是发生在地表,而是发生地表下面断层的中部;② 地表面最大水平位移和垂直位移都不是发生在地表断层上,而是发生在偏离断层一定距离的地方;③ 铲状正断层错动会在地表附近产生两个破裂区,一个在地表断层附近,一个在远离断层的上盘地表附近,这两个区与野外观测到的次生正断层区一致;④ 断层错动的应力降在断层内不是均匀的,最大值也是位于断层中部。 相似文献
10.
逆断层控制构造裂缝发育的力学机制模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在探讨逆断层对构造裂缝控制作用的基础上, 应用Comsol有限元软件, 模拟不同水平作用力、不同岩性、不同断层倾角和距断层面远近等因素影响下断层及其周边区域的应力、应变情况, 并分析了不同控制因素下构造裂缝发育的规律。模拟结果表明, 构造裂缝的发育程度随施加的水平应力作用增大而线性增大; 岩石破裂前产生的应变量可用来描述岩石的脆性, 抗压强度对岩石破裂起主导作用, 而岩石的抗剪强度与岩石破裂发育有一定的相关性; 逆断层倾角存在一个临界角度, 使构造裂缝发育最为强烈; 逆断层控制裂缝发育, 距离断裂面越远裂缝发育程度越低, 并存在一个发育程度骤减的范围, 称为"断裂控制带", 该断裂控制带的形成和分布应该与断裂的性质、规模、断距及岩石力学参数等有关。 相似文献
11.
12.
Field investigations reveal spatial variations in fault zone width along strike-slip active faults of the Arima–Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) and the Rokko–Awaji Fault Zone (RAFZ) of southwest Japan, which together form a left-stepping geometric pattern. The fault zones are composed of damage zones dominated by fractured host rocks, non-foliated and foliated cataclasites, and a fault core zone that consists of cataclastic rocks including fault gouge and fault breccia. The fault damage zones of the ATTL are characterized by subsidiary faults and fractures that are asymmetrically developed on each side of the main fault. The width of the damage zone varies along faults developed within granitic rocks of the ATTL and RAFZ, from ∼50 to ∼1000 m. In contrast, the width of the damage zone within rhyolitic tuff on the northwestern side of the ATTL varies from ∼30 to ∼100 m. The fault core zone is generally concentrated in a narrow zone of ∼0.5–∼5 m in width, consisting mainly of pulverized cataclastic rocks that lack the primary cohesion of the host rocks, including a narrow zone of fault gouge (<0.5 m) and fault-breccia zones either side of the fault. The present results indicate that spatial variations in the width of damage zone and the asymmetric distribution of damage zones across the studied strike-slip faults are mainly caused by local concentrations in compressive stress within an overstep area between left-stepping strike-slip faults of the ATTL and RAFZ. The findings demonstrate that fault zone structures and the spatial distribution in the width of damage zone are strongly affected by the geometric patterns of strike-slip faults. 相似文献
13.
3D field data on mesoscale normal faults were collected to examine the geometries and growth of faults in multilayer systems. Observation and analysis of the fractures include the collection of geometric attributes such as fault dips and fault zone thicknesses, detailed mapping in cross-sections and plan views, and the construction of individual and cumulative displacement profiles. Fault zone growth is consistent with a “coherent model” and is strongly influenced by the multilayer system. In the limestone layers, faults grew in several steps, including opening and frictional sliding on 80° dipping segments. Faulting in clay layers was in the form of 40° dipping faults and sub-horizontal faults, the latter being mostly early features developed under the same extensional regime as normal faults and disturbing the fault architecture. The fault zone thickness increases with the limestone thickness and the presence of sub-horizontal faults in clay beds. Numerous connections occur in clay units. The moderate (≈0.08) and low (<0.03) mean displacement gradients in clays and in limestones respectively indicate that the vertical propagation of faults is inhibited in clay layers. Analysis of displacement along fault strike indicates that a 0.08 displacement gradient is associated with the horizontal propagation of fault segments in limestones. According to this value, the fault zones are much longer than expected. It is associated with ‘flat topped’ displacement profiles along some fault segments and connection between segments to form complex fault zones. 相似文献
14.
2022年1月8日青海门源MS 6.9地震发生在青藏高原东北缘的祁连山断块内部,仪器震中位于海原活动断裂系西段的冷龙岭断裂带上,是该断裂系自1920年海原8.5级大地震后再次发生M>6.5的强震。考察结果的初步总结表明,此次门源地震产生了呈左阶斜列分布、总长度近23 km的南北两条破裂,在两者之间存在长约3.2 km、宽近2 km的地表破裂空区。南支破裂(F1)出现在托来山断裂的东段,走向91°,长约2.4 km,以兼具向南逆冲的左旋走滑变形为主,最大走滑位移近0.4 m。北支主破裂(F2)出现在冷龙岭断裂的西段,总长度近20 km,以左旋走滑变形为主,呈整体微凸向北东的弧形展布,包含了走向分别为102°、109°和118°的西、中、东三段,最大走滑位移出现在中段,为3.0±0.2 m。此外,在北支主破裂中—东段的北侧新发现一条累计长度约7.6 km、以右旋正断为主的北支次级破裂(F3),累计最大走滑量约0.8 m,最大正断位移约1.5 m。综合分析认为,整个同震破裂以左旋走滑变形为主,具有双侧破裂特点,宏观震中位于北支主破裂的中段,其地表走滑位移很大可能与震源破裂深度浅有关,其中的右旋正断次级破裂可能是南侧主动盘向东运移过程中拖曳北侧块体发生差异运动所引起的特殊变形现象。印度与欧亚板块近南北向强烈碰撞挤压导致南祁连断块沿海原左旋走滑断裂系向东挤出,从而引发该断裂系中的托来山断裂与冷龙岭断裂同时发生破裂,成为导致此次强震的主要动力机制。在此大陆动力学背景下,以海原左旋走滑断裂系为主边界的祁连山断块及其周边的未来强震危险性需得到进一步重视。 相似文献
15.
Stress triggering of normal aftershocks due to strike slip earthquakes in compressive regime 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A few cases of occurrence of normal aftershocks after strike slip earthquakes in compressive regime have been reported in the literature. Occurrence of such aftershocks is intriguing as they occurred despite the apparent stabilizing influence of compressive plate tectonic stresses on the normal faults. To investigate the occurrence processes of such earthquakes, we calculate change in static stress on optimally oriented normal and reverse faults in the dilational and compressional step over zones, respectively, due to slip on a vertical strike slip fault under compressive regime. We find that change in static stress is much more pronounced on normal faults as compared to that on reverse faults, for all values of fault friction. Change in static stress on reverse fault is marginally positive only when the fault friction is low, whereas for normal faults it is positive for all values of fault friction, and is maximum for high fault friction. We suggest that strike slip faulting in compressive regime creates a localized tensile environment in the dilational step over zone, which causes normal faulting in that region. The aftershocks on such normal faults are considered to have occurred as an almost instantaneous response of stress transfer due to strike slip motion. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古呼和浩特变质核杂岩韧性拆离带40Ar-39Ar定年及其构造含义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
晚中生代,内蒙古大青山依次经历晚侏罗世盘羊山逆冲推覆、早白垩世呼和浩特变质核杂岩伸展、早白垩世大青山逆冲推覆断层及早白垩世以来高角度正断层复杂构造演化。其中,呼和浩特变质核杂岩韧性剪切带的冷却时间和抬升机制的制约尚不明确。本文在野外考察和显微构造分析基础上,采用逐步加热40Ar-39Ar定年法对韧性剪切带内不同单矿物的冷却年龄进行了测定。角闪石、白云母、黑云母和钾长石单矿物40Ar-39Ar冷却年龄处于120~116Ma之间。结合已有年龄数据及单矿物封闭温度,构建了韧性剪切带的冷却曲线。结果表明,韧性剪切带在122~115Ma期间存在一个明显的快速冷却过程。这一阶段快速冷却是与变质核杂岩拆离断层相关核部杂岩拆离折返作为大青山逆冲推覆断层上盘抬升的结果。 相似文献
17.
A plane strain model for a fault is presented that takes into account the inelastic deformation involved in fault growth. The model requires that the stresses at the tip of the fault never exceed the shear strength of the surrounding rock. This is achieved by taking into account a zone, around the perimeter of the fault surface, where the fault is not well developed, and in which sliding involves frictional work in excess of that required for sliding on the fully developed fault. The displacement profiles predicted by the fault model taper out gradually towards the tip of the fault and compare well with observed displacement profiles on faults. Using this model it is found that both (1) the shape of the displacement profile, and (2) the ratio of maximum displacement to fault length are a function of the shear strength of the rock in which the fault forms. For the case of a fault loaded by a constant remote stress, the displacement is linearly related to the length of the fault and the constant of proportionality depends on the shear strength of the surrounding rock normalized by its shear modulus. Using data from faults in different tectonic regions and rock types, the in situ strength of intact rock surrounding a fault is calculated to be on the order of 100 MPa (or a few kilobars). These estimates exceed, by perhaps a factor of 10, the strength of a well developed fault and thus provide an upper bound for the shear strength of the crust. It is also shown that the work required to propagate a fault scales with fault length. This result can explain the observation that the fracture energy calculated for earthquake ruptures and natural faults are several orders of magnitude greater than that for fractures in laboratory experiments. 相似文献
18.
Metamorphism and deformation at different structural levels in a strike-slip fault zone, Ross Lake fault, North Cascades, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. M. GORDON D. L. WHITNEY R. B. MILLER N. McLEAN N. C. A. SEATON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(2):117-136
Continental crust is displaced in strike-slip fault zones through lateral and vertical movement that together drive burial and exhumation. Pressure – temperature–deformation ( P–T–d ) histories of orogenic crust exhumed in transcurrent zones record the mechanisms and conditions of these processes. The Skagit Gneiss Complex, a migmatitic unit of the North Cascades, Washington (USA), was metamorphosed at depths of ∼25–30 km in a continental arc under contraction, and is bounded on its eastern side by the long-lived transcurrent Ross Lake fault zone (RLFZ). The P–T–d conditions recorded by rocks on either side of the RLFZ vary along the length of the fault zone, but most typically the fault separates high-grade gneiss and plutons from lower-grade rocks. The Ruby Mt–Elijah Ridge area at the eastern margin of the Skagit Gneiss exposes tectonic contacts between gneiss and overlying rocks; the latter rocks, including slivers of Methow basin deposits, are metamorphosed and record higher-grade metamorphism than in correlative rocks along strike along the RLFZ. In this area, the Skagit Gneiss and overlying units all yield maximum P–T conditions of 8–10 kbar at >650 °C, indicating that slices of basin rocks were buried to similar mid-crustal depths as the gneiss. After exhumation of fault zone rocks to <15 km depth, intrusion of granitoid plutons drove contact metamorphism, resulting in texturally late andalusite–cordierite in garnet schist. In the Elijah Ridge area of the RLFZ, an overlapping step-over or series of step-overs that evolved through time may have facilitated burial and exhumation of a deep slice of the Methow basin, indicating that strike-slip faults can have major vertical displacement (tens of kilometres) that is significant during the crustal thickening and exhumation stages of orogeny. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments on rock faulting show that processes of particle comminution in fault rocks are influenced by several parameters, including fault strike and normal stress across faults. In nature, normal stress across faults increases with increasing transpressional strike of faults. Accordingly, different structural fabrics and particle size distributions are expected for cataclastic rocks that have developed along faults with different transpressional orientations and comparable displacements within regional-scale strike-slip fault zones. Adjacent bands of cataclastic gouge and breccia were analysed from four small-scale fault zones. All have comparable displacements and very similar protolith (i.e. shallow-water limestone), structure, kinematics, size, and tectonic environment, but different transpressional strikes within the regional-scale left-lateral Mattinata strike-slip fault, Italy. An inverse linear relationship is found between fault transpressional angles and fractal dimensions of particle size distributions from cataclastic rock samples. 相似文献