共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Raspini F. Bianchini S. Moretti S. Loupasakis C. Rozos D. Duro J. Garcia M. 《Natural Hazards》2016,82(1):155-173
Land subsidence is a common natural hazard striking extensive areas worldwide, with severe impacts on economy and environment. Subsidence has been recognized as one of geohazards needing research efforts and knowledge transfer at international level, especially when urban fabrics and infrastructures are directly involved in the land settling. Policies and solutions for land subsidence management can be different. Despite this variability, where mitigation methods need to be adopted, mapping, monitoring and simulation of subsidence have to precede their design and implementation. In this framework, Earth Observation (EO) and remote sensing have a major role to play. Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, thanks to its wide spatial coverage and its millimeter accuracy, provides a valuable contribution in the management of hazard posed by subsidence-related deformation. The ESA-GMES Terrafirma project (2003–2014) has worked for the promotion of the persistent scatterer interferometry, a family of techniques ideally suited for the assessment of magnitude of surface deformations associated with subsidence phenomena. Within the Terrafirma Project a series of products, based on the integration of EO technologies and in situ data, has been established and delivered to a wide community of end user. Three case studies, outcomes of the Terrafirma project, are presented: the wide area of Rome (Italy), the Anthemountas basin and the Kalochori village (Greece). These case studies have been selected with the purpose of showing the essential contribution of interferometric data during the main activities that must be covered when dealing with geohazard investigations (i.e., mapping, monitoring and modeling). These three case studies are meant to be representative of the suite of services delivered by the Terrafirma project to specific end users with the legal mandated to manage the geohazard. 相似文献
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为研究厦门滨海复杂地层环境下,长大深基坑在施工中的稳定性及对周边环境的扰动规律,文章以厦门地铁2号线海沧大道站基坑为背景,通过现场实测,从地下连续墙水平位移、地表沉降和地下水位变化3个方面进行了研究,得出了如下结论:（1）地下连续墙水平位移最大值为24.5mm,约为0.35%倍基坑深度H,略小于其他软土地区水平位移量;（2）地表沉降槽呈现“√”状分布,最大值出现在距基坑边0.5倍基坑深度位置附近,影响范围约为1.76倍基坑深度范围,监测区域地表沉降最大值为22.4mm;（3）滨海地区基坑施工过程中地下水位表现为上下波动的变化,是重点监测项目之一,总体呈现上升的趋势,累积变化量最大约为0.72m;（4）海堤水平位移和沉降变化不稳定,但始终变化幅度很小。文章研究成果对厦门滨海复杂地层环境下类似长大深工程施工具有一定参考价值和指导意义。 相似文献
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唐山南部沿海地区是唐山市地面沉降灾害较严重的地区,地面沉降的快速发展对唐山世界级重化工业基地的功能发挥构成严重威胁,全面了解唐山南部沿海地区地面沉降的分布演化态势及其发育主导因素至关重要。基于中高分辨率雷达数据,采用PSInSAR技术获取唐山南部沿海地区地面沉降场的分布及演化信息,可以发现这一地区的区域地面沉降漏斗与地下水位下降漏斗具有良好的对应关系,且沉降区范围沿区内基底断裂带一侧展布。但在曹妃甸工业区,地面沉降特征与过量开采地下水引起的地面沉降特征有所不同,地面沉降区呈点状、斑状分布,沉降区范围较小,沉降中心的沉降梯度大。据调查,特殊的地质环境是该区地面沉降发育的基础条件,地下水超采、大规模工程扰动是诱发和加剧地面沉降的外在动力。 相似文献
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地面沉降是福州市的主要地质灾害之一,自20世纪中期以来就有监测资料显示福州市存在地面沉降问题。本文基于永久散射体雷达干涉测量技术（IPTA）,处理了福州市2008~2014年间多时相、高分辨率TerraSAR-X数据,对福州市6年时间的地面沉降进行监测分析,根据研究区地面沉降历史、建设发展现状及沉降异常区分布,着重分析了复杂因素影响下福州市地面沉降的时空变化规律。结果表明:福州市总体年均沉降率-15 mm ·a-1左右,存在多个明显的快速沉降区;与1960~1990年的监测资料对比发现,沉降中心由地热温泉区向工程密集建设区转移;较大沉降区以快速线性沉降为主;地面沉降特征的变化受到多种复杂因素叠加影响,导致地面沉降空间扩张、速率加剧。该研究成果可为福州市或其他沿海城市地面沉降风险评估、地面沉降防控等提供一定的科学依据和参考。 相似文献
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Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal: potential damage of subsidence and sea level rise in southern New Jersey, USA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal combined with a global sea level rise creates a serious environmental problem
in the coastal region. Groundwater withdrawal results in fluid pressure change in the layers. The pressure change in the layers
induces both elastic and inelastic land compaction. The elastic compaction can be recovered if the water level rises again
and inelastic compaction becomes permanent. Groundwater response to barometric pressure change is used to estimate the elastic
compaction in this study. The storativity, specific storage and other layer and hydrological information are used to estimate
the inelastic compaction of the layers due to fluid withdrawal. The discussed methods are applied to estimate and predict
the subsidence potentials resulting from overdrafting of the groundwater in the southern New Jersey. The estimated subsidence
is about 2–3 cm near the location of monitoring wells in Atlantic, Camden, Cumberland and Cape May Counties over the past
20 years. If the current trend of water-level drop continues, the average subsidence in southern New Jersey in the vicinity
of some monitoring wells will be about 3 cm in the next 20 years. The rise of global sea level is about 2 mm/year on average.
Because of the very gentle slope in southern NJ, the combination of subsidence and sea level rise will translate into a potentially
substantial amount of land loss in the coastal region in each 20 year period. This combination will also accelerate the coastal
flooding frequency and the erosion rate of the New Jersey coastal plain, and pose a serious threat to the coastal economy.
Received: 15 December 1997 · Accepted: 30 June 1998 相似文献
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湛江市区地面沉降自20世纪80年代发生以来,随着地下水开采深度的增加,地面已出现了不同程度的沉降,影响了社会的稳定和经济的可持续发展。文章根据多年来的地面沉降与地下水动态监测、调查成果,对湛江市区滨海平原地面沉降历史与现状、地面沉降基本规律进行总结,提出了地面沉降防治措施建议,为地方制定水资源规划和地下水资源的管理决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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A modeling study of coastal inundation induced by storm surge,sea-level rise,and subsidence in the Gulf of Mexico 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Zhaoqing Yang Taiping Wang Ruby Leung Kathy Hibbard Tony Janetos Ian Kraucunas Jennie Rice Benjamin Preston Tom Wilbanks 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):1771-1794
The northern coasts of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are highly vulnerable to the direct threats of climate change, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, and such risks are exacerbated by land subsidence and global sea-level rise. This paper presents an application of a coastal storm surge model to study the coastal inundation process induced by tide and storm surge, and its response to the effects of land subsidence and sea-level rise in the northern Gulf coast. The unstructured-grid finite-volume coastal ocean model was used to simulate tides and hurricane-induced storm surges in the GoM. Simulated distributions of co-amplitude and co-phase lines for semi-diurnal and diurnal tides are in good agreement with previous modeling studies. The storm surges induced by four historical hurricanes (Rita, Katrina, Ivan, and Dolly) were simulated and compared to observed water levels at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tide stations. Effects of coastal subsidence and future global sea-level rise on coastal inundation in the Louisiana coast were evaluated using a “change of inundation depth” parameter through sensitivity simulations that were based on a projected future subsidence scenario and 1-m global sea-level rise by the end of the century. Model results suggested that hurricane-induced storm surge height and coastal inundation could be exacerbated by future global sea-level rise and subsidence, and that responses of storm surge and coastal inundation to the effects of sea-level rise and subsidence are highly nonlinear and vary on temporal and spatial scales. 相似文献
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为了真实反映大荷载原煤仓天然地基沉降变形随上覆荷载的变化特征及规律,确保工程安全,在研究区场地建立了一套沉降监测系统,跟踪测试了建设施工及运营期间荷载作用下原煤仓地基土的沉降变形,并依据实际监测结果,通过"规范方法"及"三维数值分析方法"进行了验证。结果表明:原煤仓地基实际变形满足规范要求的允许值,证明采用第四系湖积砂层作为天然地基方案是可行的;地基土实际沉降主要集中在运营期间,建设及施工阶段所占比例较小（10%~27%）,而规范计算该阶段沉降所占比例在40%以上;在沉降计算及预测过程中考虑基础刚度的影响,所得基底土压力分布及沉降计算结果更符合现场实际。研究结果可为类似工程场地设计、建设及安全施工提供理论依据及参考。 相似文献
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连云港市位于苏北沿海地区,地面沉降灾害面积较大,多地沉降速率超过20 mm/a,徐圩的沉降现状尤为严重。为了能够对徐圩地区的地面沉降进行精细化观测,文章采用BOTDR分布式光纤感测技术,对徐圩镇127 m深的钻孔地层进行了两年多的全断面精细化监测。结果表明:徐圩镇共有四个承压含水层组,I-1隔水层和I-2隔水层土体沉降量分别占总沉降量的70.29 %、24.59 %,抽水层的土体最大沉降量仅占比1.38 %。I-1隔水层和I-2隔水层的地层岩性包括淤泥质黏土（L2）、亚黏土（L3）、亚砂土夹粉砂（L4）,总厚度为44 m,由于抽水过程中隔水层向含水层失水,导致该隔水层土体固结压缩。同时,工程建设附加荷载对地面沉降的影响也不可忽视。徐圩地区现阶段的沉降仍在继续发生,但沉降速率有减小的趋势。BOTDR技术可有效获取地面沉降钻孔全断面的土层变形分布信息,为地面沉降评价提供了一种精细化的分布式监测手段。 相似文献
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美国海岸带自然资源与生态损害评估及修复工作对中国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸带是位于海陆结合部的复杂环境系统,是人类活动最集中的地区。中国大陆海岸线约18000km,涉及沿海11个省,由于经济社会高速发展,海岸带地区的人口、资源、环境矛盾日益突出,面临海岸带资源无序开发、水土污染、滨海湿地退化、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等一系列生态环境与灾害地质问题,已成为影响生态文明建设的主要问题之一。因此中国持续加大海岸带生态环境保护力度,并提出实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程、强化湿地保护和修复等政策措施。美国国家海洋和大气管理局主导的海岸带损害评估及修复计划已实施了近30年,并取得了显著效果,其完善的法律制度体系、规范的损害评估和修复程序、数据集成管理和共享应用等成功经验值得学习借鉴。建议加快完善中国海岸带生态环境损害评估与修复的技术方法体系和制度体系、有序开展海岸带自然资源和生态环境调查、加强海岸带及滨海湿地等重要生态系统的演化和修复技术研究与示范,并构建统一的海岸带基础调查数据库、建立海岸带监测预警体系。 相似文献
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上海地面沉降研究的过去、现在与未来 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
地面沉降是我国东部沿海平原地区城市化进程中，资源与环境如何由对立走向统一的焦点之一，上海地面沉降具有一定的代表性，经几代地质工作者的努力，在地面沉降监测，研究与防治方面取得了一定的经验与成绩，本文初步总结了上海地面沉降研究与防治工作的现状与存在的问题，并分析了我们在新世纪所面临的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
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广州南沙区地面沉降已经影响到城市发展和人民生命财产安全,为了制定科学有效的措施防止地面沉降进一步发展,文中基于InSAR监测数据和水准监测数据,总结分析了地面沉降分布特征,地表形变多为小范围的、局部地区的剧烈沉降。在此基础上,针对6个沉降严重区域,采用机理模型定量估算了各因素引起的地面沉降量及所占比重,得可压缩土层引起的沉降量为34.43～96.97 mm/a,所占比重在37.07%～75.67%,地下水水位和地面荷载的最大影响比重分别为26.28%和52.40%。并且通过研究分析地面沉降主要因素及影响程度,为科学防治该地区地面沉降提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Tidal inundation mapping under enhanced land subsidence in Semarang,Central Java Indonesia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tidal inundation by high tide under enhanced land subsidence is a damaging phenomenon and a major threat to the Semarang urban
area in Indonesia. It impacts on economic activities, as well as the cost of an emergency program and causes interruption
of pubic services, danger of infectious diseases and injury to human lives. This study examines a spatial analysis tool on
the GIS-raster system for the tidal inundation mapping based on the subsidence-benchmark data and modified detail digital
elevation model. Neighborhood operation and iteration model as a spatial analysis tool have been applied in order to calculate
the encroachment of the tidal inundation on the coastal area. The resulting map shows that the tidal flood spreads to the
lowland area and causes the inundation of coastal settlement, infrastructure, as well as productive agricultural land, i.e.,
the fish-pond area. The monitoring of the vulnerable area due to the tidal inundation under the scenario of extended land
subsidence plays an important role in long-term coastal zone management in Semarang. 相似文献
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海平面上升已引起各国政府和科技界的高度关注。预计未来30年,浙江沿海海平面将比2009年升高88~140 mm。海平面上升与浙江沿海平原地面沉降迭加将进一步恶化地质与生态系统,引发许多灾害问题,制约沿海区域经济社会的可持续发展。本文主要就如何应对海平面上升与地面沉降迭加引发的地质灾害链与生态环境问题进行了探讨,认为要从地球系统科学角度,重视对陆-海相互作用机制与生态环境效应的研究,着手考虑建立陆海(包括入海河流)统筹的海岸带地质与生态环境监测评价系统。 相似文献
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