共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
尽管近年来统计数据的生成技术有了很大提高, 但可用的详细GDP空间分布数据始终难以得到满足. 以夜间灯光辐射数据、 官方统计数据和已有空间化人口分布数据构建了一种GDP空间化建模方法, 得到张掖市甘州区2000年的GDP空间分布. 首先, 分析基于乡镇单元的GDP与对应的夜间灯光辐射数据DN值之间的关系, 得到GDP模拟模型; 然后结合人口空间分布数据和三次产业的比例, 得到基于500 m×500 m栅格的GDP空间分布图. 各乡镇的GDP平均值为372×104元, 标准差为34×104元. 相似文献
2.
一种面向LUCC的时空数据存储管理模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为满足土地利用和地表覆盖变化(land-use and land-cover change,LUCC)动态监测中时空数据统计分析、时空过程模拟、时空演变分析预测、时空数据挖掘的应用需求,需将LUCC数据存储管理方式由单一空间数据推进至时空数据存储管理。本文提出一种基于快照和面向对象的混合时空数据模型,支持矢量和栅格时空数据存储管理、LUCC时空过程模拟、LUCC时空过程建模参数提取和成果数据管理与发布。基于该模型研发了LUCC时空信息系统原型,以LUCC时空信息统计、地表覆盖斑块时空过程模拟、地表覆盖时空转移矩阵计算为例,验证了模型的可行性。 相似文献
3.
结合GIS（地理信息系统）的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库仑强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM（组件对象模型）技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
结合GIS(Geographic Information Systems,地理信息系统)的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库伦强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,从而求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM(Component Object Model)技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
5.
《岩土力学》2020,(4)
结合GIS(Geographic Information Systems,地理信息系统)的空间分析能力和滑动面正应力分布假定模型,建立了基于栅格单元的三维边坡极限平衡模型,提出了基于GIS的边坡稳定性计算方法。该方法首先建立了基于栅格柱体单元的三维边坡稳定性分析模型,给出了模型参数在GIS中的空间表达式;其次,在极限平衡条件下,推导出滑体在GIS中的3个力平衡方程式和1个力矩平衡方程式,形成了用于求解三维安全系数的方程组;最后,基于摩尔-库伦强度准则,以及滑动面正应力分布的假定,从而求解三维安全系数。同时利用COM(Component Object Model)技术开发出一个基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性分析扩展模块,该模块可实现复杂的算法计算以及多种组合荷载下的稳定性计算,并通过算例验证了该模块的正确性和便利性。 相似文献
6.
在总结研究区各断面地下水侧向径流量常规算法的基础上,通过分析已有钻孔、物探成果,结合研究区水文地质条件确定达西公式各计算参数沿断面的空间分布特征,生成计算断面参数栅格,并基于GIS采用栅格空间叠加分析计算各计算断面上的地下水侧向径流量,结果表明前人计算结果与栅格叠加分析法计算结果大体上一致,但也存在一定差异。常规的分段计算方法,常用一个参数来表征较大尺度断面,人为因素对计算结果影响较大,基于GIS的栅格叠加分析法充分考虑了各计算参数在二维空间上的各向异性,参数选取更符合实际,结果也更为可靠,计算值可直接耦合为地下水数值模型中的二类边界（定流量边界）,避免流量边界上的人为分配情况,提高模型计算精度。 相似文献
7.
长输管道的线路优化是寻求最优路径的过程。以管段间影响线路路由的诸多因素数据为研究对象，建立基于知识库的“管道建设成本模型”，利用基于栅格场的GIS空间分析实现“管道定量线路优化”。 相似文献
8.
9.
多维GIS矿产评价数据管理系统设计和实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿产资源评价需通过各种物探、化探、航空磁法、遥感、地质和实地调查资料综合分析以确定钻井孔位.针对多源、多时相、多尺度矿产资源勘探资料一体化管理和可视化分析,提出了一种基于分布式多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理方法.首先,分析了矿产资源预测评价数据资料特征,提出基于多维GIS模型的矿产资源评价数据管理模型;其次,提出了多源矿产资源评价数据处理策略,设计了一种全球瓦片金字塔模型的栅格和地形数据处理方法;再次,设计了分布式多维GIS矿产资源评价数据管理系统体系结构和功能模块,提出了双缓存性能优化方案;最后,开发实现了一个典型的矿产资源评价数据管理系统,实现了多达40种二维、三维数据、文档、多媒体等矿产资源评价数据一体化管理和可视化分析,可用于分布式矿产资源勘探评价的全球协同办公. 相似文献
10.
基于绿洲土地利用的区域GDP公里格网化研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为解决以行政单元为单位的经济数据空间表示与实际空间分布不符的问题,根据分县控制、分产业建模的思路,综合考虑经济发展的一般规律,建立基于土地利用的1 km栅格GDP空间化模型对统计型经济数据进行空间分布仿真模拟.对第一产业产值采用面积权重的方法进行拟合,对第二产业建立基于道路的反距离加权模型,第三产业产值则基于城镇规模,建立距离衰减加幂指数模型.通过对新疆2000年GDP数据的空间化模拟试验,结果表明:新疆GDP的模拟值与真实值间的相对误差为-1.13%,其中第二、三产业产值的模拟效果较好,相对误差分别为0.45%和0.11%.研究区GDP高值区主要分布在天山北坡和南坡的经济、石化产业带上,这与实际情况相符,较真实地反映了区域经济的空间分布特征,可以满足对社会经济数据的空间化需求,对准确把握区域经济动态具有一定的实用价值. 相似文献
11.
Assessing the use of global land cover data for guiding large area population distribution modelling
Gridded population distribution data are finding increasing use in a wide range of fields, including resource allocation,
disease burden estimation and climate change impact assessment. Land cover information can be used in combination with detailed
settlement extents to redistribute aggregated census counts to improve the accuracy of national-scale gridded population data.
In East Africa, such analyses have been done using regional land cover data, thus restricting application of the approach
to this region. If gridded population data are to be improved across Africa, an alternative, consistent and comparable source
of land cover data is required. Here these analyses were repeated for Kenya using four continent-wide land cover datasets
combined with detailed settlement extents and accuracies were assessed against detailed census data. The aim was to identify
the large area land cover dataset that, combined with detailed settlement extents, produce the most accurate population distribution
data. The effectiveness of the population distribution modelling procedures in the absence of high resolution census data
was evaluated, as was the extrapolation ability of population densities between different regions. Results showed that the
use of the GlobCover dataset refined with detailed settlement extents provided significantly more accurate gridded population
data compared to the use of refined AVHRR-derived, MODIS-derived and GLC2000 land cover datasets. This study supports the
hypothesis that land cover information is important for improving population distribution model accuracies, particularly in
countries where only coarse resolution census data are available. Obtaining high resolution census data must however remain
the priority. With its higher spatial resolution and its more recent data acquisition, the GlobCover dataset was found as
the most valuable resource to use in combination with detailed settlement extents for the production of gridded population
datasets across large areas. 相似文献
12.
LandScan USA: a high-resolution geospatial and temporal modeling approach for population distribution and dynamics 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
High-resolution population distribution data are critical for successfully addressing important issues ranging from socio-environmental research to public health to homeland security, since scientific analyses, operational activities, and policy decisions are significantly influenced by the number of impacted people. Dasymetric modeling has been a well-recognized approach for spatial decomposition of census data to increase the spatial resolution of population distribution. However, enhancing the temporal resolution of population distribution poses a greater challenge. In this paper, we discuss the development of LandScan USA, a multi-dimensional dasymetric modeling approach, which has allowed the creation of a very high-resolution population distribution data both over space and time. At a spatial resolution of 3 arc seconds (～90 m), the initial LandScan USA database contains both a nighttime residential as well as a baseline daytime population distribution that incorporates movement of workers and students. Challenging research issues of disparate and misaligned spatial data and modeling to develop a database at a national scale, as well as model verification and validation approaches are illustrated and discussed. Initial analyses indicate a high degree of locational accuracy for LandScan USA distribution model and data. High-resolution population data such as LandScan USA, which describes both distribution and dynamics of human population, clearly has the potential to profoundly impact multiple domain applications of national and global priority. 相似文献
13.
为了在新疆1∶50000矿产普查中研究成矿地质条件圈定成矿远景区域,在普查过程中通过重、磁、电等多种物探手段的综合应用,来探测深部和隐伏矿,效果明显。通过采集标本对其工作区的物性特征加以归纳分析,指导物探方法(重、磁、激电)的运用,为后续开展物探工作提供借鉴。首先在工作区利用重力和航磁资料,查明勘探区内地质构造特征及岩体分布规律,得到重、磁高值异常区多与岩体、岩体接触带及断裂带有关,而该区域的成矿与接触带或断裂构造密切相关,在接触带及断裂构造带上有利于硫化物发育,再利用大功率激发极化法的低阻高极化特征圈定含硫化物的有利区域,最后优选重、磁、电综合物探异常特征明显、成矿部位有利地段,并结合地质、化探异常特征对工作区定性的综合评价,指导寻找含硫化物的岩(矿)体,最终圈定找矿靶区一处,为矿产普查工作提供基础资料和找矿依据。 相似文献
14.
15.
Tsunamis are among the most destructive and lethal of coastal hazards. These are time-specific events, and despite directly affecting a narrow strip of coastline, a single occurrence can have devastating effects and cause massive loss of life, especially in urbanized coastal areas. In this work, in order to consider the time dependence of population exposure to tsunami threat, the variation of spatio-temporal population distribution in the daily cycle is mapped and analyzed in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. High-resolution daytime and nighttime population distribution maps are developed using ‘intelligent dasymetric mapping,’ that is, applying areal interpolation to combine best-available census data and statistics with land use and land cover data. Workplace information and mobility statistics are considered for mapping daytime distribution. In combination with a tsunami hazard map, information on infrastructure, land use and terrain slope, the modeled population distribution is used to assess people’s evacuation speed, applying a geospatial evacuation modeling approach to the city of Lisbon. The detailed dynamic population exposure assessment allows producing both daytime and nighttime evacuation time maps, which provide valuable input for evacuation planning and management. Results show that a significant amount of population is at risk, and its numbers increase dramatically from nighttime to daytime, especially in the zones of high tsunami flooding susceptibility. Also, full evacuation can be problematic in the daytime period, even if initiated immediately after a major tsunami-triggering earthquake. The presented approach greatly improves tsunami risk assessment and can benefit all phases of the disaster management process. 相似文献
16.
J. F. Olorunfemi Dr. 《GeoJournal》1982,6(3):225-230
For effective planning purposes, reliable and up-to-date statistics on population is very important in any country. However, in Nigeria, population census is such an infrequent exercise that data on city population is not readily available. The inherent data delivery lag time period, between the physical collection and actual publication of the results of censuses contributes to the obsolescency of census data.This situation calls for the development of appropriate techniques of collecting up-to-date population data in Nigeria.The use of aerial photography for collecting certain types of census information has been suggested as a procedure that can successfully supplement existing techniques. Three models viz: (1) the Land Use Model (2) the House Counting Method and (3) the Land Area Method were developed and applied in the estimation of the 1973 population of Ilorin. It is being suggested here that these methods can be employed in making the much needed intercensal population estimation for planning purposes readily available. In addition, this approach is not as sensitive as census per se in Nigeria. 相似文献
17.
In many metropolitan regions, natural sources contribute a substantial fraction of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
These biogenic VOC emissions are precursors to tropospheric Ozone (O3) formation. Because forests make up 59% of the land area in Taiwan Province, China, the biogenic VOC emissions from forests
and farmland could play an important role in photochemical reactions. On the other hand, anthropogenic emissions might also
be one of the major inputs for ground level O3 concentrations. Hence, emission inventory data, grouped as point, area, mobile and biogenic VOC sources, are a composite
of reported and estimated pollutant emission information and are used by many air quality models to simulate ground level
O3 concentrations. Before using relevant air quality models, the emission inventory data generally require huge amounts of processing
for spatial, temporal, and species congruence with respect to the associated air quality modeling work. The fist part of this
research applied satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analyses to characterize land use/land cover
(LULC) patterns, integrating various sources of anthropogenic emissions and biogenic emissions associated with a variety of
plant species. To investigate the significance of biogenic VOC emissions on ozone formation, meteorological and air quality
modeling were then employed to generate hourly ozone estimates for a case study of a high ozone episode in southern Taiwan,
which is the leading industrial hub on the island. To enhance the modeling accuracy, a unique software module, SMOKE, was
set up for emission processing to prepare emission inputs for the U.S. EPA’s Models-3/CMAQ. An emission inventory of Taiwan,
TEDS 4.2, was used as the anthropogenic emission inventory. Biogenic emission modeling was accomplished by BEIS-2 in SMOKE,
with improvement of local LULC data and revised emission factors. Research findings show that the majority of biogenic VOC
emissions occur in the mountainous areas and farmlands. However, the modeling outputs show that downwind of the most heavily
populated and industrialized areas, these biogenic VOC emissions have less impact on air quality than do anthropogenic emissions. 相似文献
18.
With respect to the great wealth of information available online, the Internet can be viewed as a gigantic database with diverse
resources. One of the pressing issues is to investigate the effectiveness and usefulness of the available information over
the Internet. This research modeled the population change of Vietnamese-Americans (VA) in Texas from 2000 to 2009 by obtaining
web demographic data from the Internet. The project objective is to pilot study a novel approach to conducting online “census”
by using Web 2.0 technologies and to investigate the effectiveness of web data for GIS-based demographic application. The
solicited VA demographics were geocoded at both county and census tract levels and compared with the Census 2000 demographics
in the Geographic Information Systems. Spatial and statistical analyses were used to explore the spatial distribution of VA
and to model their population change between 2000 and 2009. The findings of this study include: (1) in general, there are
significant differences in the spatial distribution of the VA population between the web demographics and Census 2000 at both
county and census tract levels, (2) the Hoover Indices of VA population in Texas at 2000 and 2009 revealed a trend of deconcentration
which conforms to the general rural-urban-suburban migration among major metropolitan areas in Texas. This study sheds new
insights to using web demographic data for population predictions and applications to plan services for ethnic groups. 相似文献