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1.
基于经验模态分解(EMD)的小波熵阈值地震信号去噪 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对EMD阈值去噪算法中阈值由经验选取以及无法有效区分各固有模态函数上有用信息的不足,本文对各固有模态函数进行小波变换,对各层小波系数进行相关处理,以突出有效信息,抑制噪声;将细节系数的有效信号和突变点置零并等分为若干区间,选取小波熵最大子区间的高频小波系数平均值作为噪声方差计算得到阈值。该阈值选取方法依据小波熵的特点,自适应地根据对应尺度上信号自身的能量特征确定该尺度阈值。将该算法应用于仿真信号和实际地震信号去噪,结果表明该方法优于基于EMD的小波阈值去噪,在提高去噪效果的同时,也更好地保护有效信号。 相似文献
2.
Application of Wavelet Analysis to Interference Elimination for Geochemical Hydrocarbon Exploration 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zhang Liuping Ruan Tianjian Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(1)
INTRODUCTIONElimination of interferences (e.g. background variation)is the base of anomaly recognition in geochemical exploration.The interference elimination was performed by using thevariables that could indicate interference factors (L iu andZhao,1992 ) . As some variables such as carbonates and p Hcontain information on both interference and hydrocarbons,some information on hydrocarbons may be lost while theinterference is eliminated. Besides,this approach is not cost-effective becau… 相似文献
3.
测井多尺度分析方法用于层序地层划分研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测井数据包含了丰富的地质信息,是研究地层多尺度沉积旋回的主要资料.本文阐述了小波变换及多尺度分析方法,探讨了测井多尺度分析方法在层序地层划分中的应用.以东营凹陷某井为例,选取Morlet小波基函数对GR测井曲线进行连续小波变换,将测井信号与深度的关系转换为与深度和尺度域的变化关系.通过研究多种伸缩尺度下小波系数曲线表现出的周期性振荡特征,并结合不同测井曲线多尺度分解后的高频信号特征,划分出各级层序界面,与传统方法所划分的界面基本一致. 相似文献
4.
An accurate representation of permeability anisotropy is needed to model the rate and direction of groundwater flow correctly.
We develop a wavelet analysis technique that can be used to characterize principal directions of anisotropy in both stationary
and non-stationary permeability fields. Wavelet analysis involves the integral transform of a field using a wavelet as a kernel.
The wavelet is shifted, scaled, and rotated to analyze different locations, sizes, and orientations of the field. The wavelet
variance is used to identify scales and orientations that dominate the field. If the field is non-stationary, such that different
zones of the field are characterized by different dominant scales or orientations, the wavelet variance can identify all dominant
scales and orientations if they are distinct. If the dominant scales and orientations of different zones are similar, the
wavelet variance identifies only the dominant scale and orientation of the primary zone. In this paper, we present a combined
wavelet analysis and filtering approach to identify all dominant scales and orientations in a non-stationary permeability
field. We apply the method to permeability data obtained in the laboratory from the Massillon sandstone. 相似文献
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6.
基于测井数据小波变换的层序划分 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
探讨了小波变换用于测井层序划分的一种方法。在论述了小波变换对信号时频分析的优势后, 介绍了连续小波变换的定义和一般步骤。以鲁西某钻井为例, 对迄今为止所能获得的分辨率最高、连续性最好的测井地质数据, 进行了连续小波变换, 提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息。在此基础之上, 将不同时间 (深度) 尺度的旋回清晰地展现出来, 并探测到地层序列中不同级别的突变点, 从而实现对鲁西地区石炭二叠系层序、准层序的划分。这些探索为地层层序的划分提供了一种新的思路和有效途径。 相似文献
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8.
卫星CCD图像的去云处理对遥感信息的增强与提取有重要的意义,尤其是在云覆盖严重的低纬度地区。为去除CBERS-02B卫星CCD图像中薄云的影响,分别使用Mallat和à trous 2种小波变换对图像进行分解;利用同态滤波对2种小波分解图像的低频系数进行处理,衰减其低频信息;将处理后的小波低频系数与分解的高频系数进行小波重构,从而达到去云的目的。定量分析基于Mallat和à trous小波变换结合同态滤波法的去云结果表明,经à trous小波变换结合同态滤波法的去云影像所包含信息量大,细节信息丰富,去云效果较好。 相似文献
9.
水文时间系列周期分析方法探讨 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
以分析广东省降水周期变化规律为例，探讨了最大熵谱方法在提取水文时间系列的主次周期上以及小波变换方法在分析水文时间系列的多时间尺度演变规律上的应用。由计算结果分析得到广东省降水过程主要存在的周期特性和旱涝变化趋势，为广东省降水趋势预测提供了重要信息。 相似文献
10.
基于新疆卡群水文站和塔什库尔干气象站1959～2005年的观测资料,运用小波分析和统计分析相结合的方法,从多时间尺度研究叶尔羌河源流区近50年来年径流的非线性变化趋势,以及径流对气候变化的响应。结果表明: 1）年径流、气温和降水的主要变化周期几乎一致,年径流和年降水量都存在24年的主要变化周期,而年平均气温则是23年。2）年径流量表现出具有时间尺度依赖性的非线性变化趋势,与区域气候变化密切相关。3）年径流变化是区域气候变化响应的结果,从8（23）年、4（22）年和2（21）年时间尺度上来看,年径流量与年平均气温和年降水量之间存在显著的线性相关关系。 相似文献
11.
This review introduces a novel method for modeling evapotranspiration and surface heat fluxes built on the theory of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) as an application of the maximum entropy principle to non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems. The formulation of the MEP model uses the Bayesian probability theory, information theory through the concept of information entropy, and the similarity theory of the atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence. The MPE model provides simultaneous solution of latent, sensible and surface medium heat fluxes using only three input variables: net radiation, surface temperature and specific humidity. A unique feature of the MEP model is that the surface energy balance is closed at a range of space and time scales. The model does not require data of temperature and water vapor gradient, wind speed and surface roughness. It does not include empirical tunable parameters such as atmospheric and stomatal conductance. The MEP model is a promising new approach for the study of water and energy cycles of the Earth system across space-time scales. 相似文献
12.
小波分析在高分辨率层序地层划分中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍了小波分析的基本原理和步骤,探讨了测井信号小波分析在高分辨率层序地层划分中的适用性及其意义。对测井信号进行小波多尺度分解后可获得不同级次的旋回周期,将钻井岩相标定的各个级别旋回层序界面与测井信号小波旋回周期对应,然后选取合适的尺度进行地层层序划分。划分结果证明小波变换非常适合中期及其以下级别旋回层序的划分。该方法对提高旋回层序的划分精度与储层评价、预测精度具有重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
精确估算地表蒸散一直是地球系统科学中的难点问题。经典的蒸散模型大多建立在水汽输送及能量平衡约束等基础上,相关的基础理论研究进展缓慢。最大熵增地表蒸散(E-MEP)模型是在综合借鉴贝叶斯概率论、信息熵概念、非平衡态热力学理论和大气边界层湍流相似性理论的基础上,建立的全新地表蒸散理论框架,克服了经典模型的主要缺陷,包括:离散梯度模型不满足能量守恒条件,Penman模型针对饱和土壤,Penman-Monteith模型需要率定经验参数等。E-MEP模型具有3个显著特点:①同时给出地表(包括水面、雪面和冰面)蒸散量、感热通量和介质表面热通量,且在所有时间空间尺度上满足能量平衡方程;②模型公式中没有可调经验参数,不依赖于温度梯度和水汽梯度变量,不需要输入风速和表面粗糙度;③适用于任何土壤含水量和植被覆盖条件。由于E-MEP模型建立在坚实的数学物理基础上,并具有解析表达式,简单易用,其输入变量和模型参数少于传统蒸散模型使用。地表辐射、表面温度、表面比湿等模型输入变量易于实地观测获取,且可通过遥感反演获得。检验分析表明,E-MEP模型优于Penman和Penman-Monteith等传统蒸散模型。这一全新的地表蒸散模型已被用于大尺度地表水热的遥感反演和过程监测,并用于改进气候模式的参数化方案。 相似文献
14.
Two-dimensional Conditional Simulations Based on the Wavelet Decomposition of Training Images 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Scale dependency is a critical topic when modeling spatial phenomena of complex geological patterns that interact at different
spatial scales. A two-dimensional conditional simulation based on wavelet decomposition is proposed for simulating geological
patterns at different scales. The method utilizes the wavelet transform of a training image to decompose it into wavelet coefficients
at different scales, and then quantifies their spatial dependence. Joint simulation of the wavelet coefficients is used together
with available hard and or soft conditioning data. The conditionally co-simulated wavelet coefficients are back-transformed
generating a realization of the attribute under study. Realizations generated using the proposed method reproduce the conditioning
data, the wavelet coefficients and their spatial dependence. Two examples using geological images as training images elucidate
the different aspects of the method, including hard and soft conditioning, the ability to reproduce some non-linear features
and scale dependencies of the training images. 相似文献
15.
通过相邻两个时间区间位移观测结果均值差分的积分描述和Harr小波基函数的小波变换方程的对比分析,得到了一个将不同时间尺度下边坡位移均值变化表示为相应尺度下小波变换系数的基本关系。根据这一关系,提出了可以采用小波变换方法确定两个相邻时间区间位移均值在不同时间尺度下变化规律的边坡位移演化的多尺度分析方法。针对卧龙寺新滑坡、三峡永久船闸边坡开挖和隔河岩水电站进水口边坡变形的观测结果,讨论了它们的位移演化多尺度特征。当边坡位移呈现较规则的变化趋势时,在一个尺度上就可以提取它们的时间演化特征。开挖剧烈扰动的影响可以通过给定时间尺度支撑区端点与位移突变点之间递增连的线进行近似。 相似文献
16.
地震信号去噪能有效提高信号的信噪比和分辨率。二代小波变换可以在不同尺度上对含噪信号进行小波分解和多分辨率分析,实现窗口宽度自适应调整的局部化分析。但小波变换阈值法在去噪过程中会在信号的不连续邻域会产生伪吉布斯效应,而平移不变量阈值去噪方法通过平移-去噪-平均的思想可以很好的解决该问题。因此本文在已有的二代小波变换阈值去噪的基础上将平移不变量这一改进方法应用于二代小波变换中,实现了对地震信号更加快速有效的去噪处理,并在模拟数据试算和实际数据试算中取得了良好的去噪效果。 相似文献
17.
Application of Continuous Wavelet Transform in?Examining Soil Spatial Variation: A?Review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An adequate understanding of soil spatial variation as a function of space and scale is necessary in ecological modeling, environmental prediction, precision agriculture, soil quality assessment and natural resources management. Soil spatial variation can be partitioned into frequencies (scale) and positions (location) by the wavelet transform. This review focuses mainly on different applications of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for the identification of the scale and location dependence of soil attributes. We discussed both wavelet spectra and wavelet coherence in our analysis of soil spatial variation. Global wavelet spectra, being the sum of wavelet spectra over all spatial locations at a scale, can be used to examine the dominant scale of variation. Furthermore, some variations at a particular scale persist over all locations (termed global features), whereas others are present at only a few locations (localized features). Wavelet spectra can be used to identify both localized and global features. The combination of localized and global features provides a complete picture of the scale-location information of different processes in the field and may provide better guidance in designing efficient management practices. Wavelet coherency partitions the total correlation between two variables into correlations at different scales and locations, while also revealing the scale- and location-specific relationship between those two variables. This relationship may be helpful in developing predictive links between one property and another. 相似文献
18.
基于测井数据小波变换的准层序自动划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
层序地层分析的关键在于不同级别层序界面的识别,准层序是测井层序地层分析的最小基本单元。准层序地层单元的分界面上物理性质变化明显,测井曲线表现为突变,测井数据小波变换能够表征这种突变。以胜利油田某井沙三上亚段第Ⅲ层序为例,选用二次样条小波,对该井段SP测井数据进行二进小波变换,将一维测井数据拓展为二维深度-尺度空间,得到不同尺度上的小波系数曲线。选定最佳分解尺度后,依据小波系数模极值的位置准确识别出准层序的界面,划分的准层序比人工划分的结果更细。 相似文献
19.
Morlet小波用于测井沉积旋回多尺度特性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
测井数据包含丰富的地质信息,是研究沉积旋回多尺度特性的主要资料。利用Morlet小波基函数对SP测井曲线进行连续小波变换,可探测到不同尺度沉积旋回的分界面。地质学意义在于:包含多个不同尺度沉积旋回信息的测井曲线,通过Morlet连续小波变换,被分解成各自独立的单一尺度的旋回,尺度因子的大小反映了地层沉积周期的长短。这也为沉积旋回的定量划分提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
20.
Prediction of daily suspended sediment load using wavelet and neurofuzzy combined model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Rajaee Ph.D. S. A. Mirbagheri Ph.D. V. Nourani Ph.D. A. Alikhani Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(1):93-110
This study investigated the prediction of suspended sediment load in a gauging station in the USA by neuro-fuzzy, conjunction of wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy as well as conventional sediment rating curve models. In the proposed wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy model, observed time series of river discharge and suspended sediment load were decomposed at different scales by wavelet analysis. Then, total effective time series of discharge and suspended sediment load were imposed as inputs to the neuro-fuzzy model for prediction of suspended sediment load in one day ahead. Results showed that the wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy model performance was better in prediction rather than the neuro-fuzzy and sediment rating curve models. The wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy model produced reasonable predictions for the extreme values. Furthermore, the cumulative suspended sediment load estimated by this technique was closer to the actual data than the others one. Also, the model could be employed to simulate hysteresis phenomenon, while sediment rating curve method is incapable in this event. 相似文献