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1.
Understanding the fundamental issues related with the effect of shear velocity on frictional characteristics at the interface
of rock surfaces is an important issue. In this paper, strain-rate dependence on friction is investigated in relation to sliding
behaviour under normal load. The phenomenon of stick-slip of granite and shaly sandstone with a tribometer at constant rate
of strain under normal loads was observed. 相似文献
2.
抗浮锚杆应力-应变状态的线弹性理论分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
假定抗浮锚杆各部分贡献的位移与锚杆轴力均呈线弹性关系,运用力学原理分析锚杆轴力与锚侧摩阻力、锚-土变形之间的相互关系,推导出锚杆的摩阻力、轴力及各部分变形与锚杆各参数的相互关系。实例验证结果表明：基于线弹性模型基础上建立的摩阻力、轴力和位移公式能够较好地描述垂向抗浮锚杆在弹性变形阶段的内力和变形形态;获得了抗浮锚杆摩阻力和剪切位移沿锚固长度的分布规律;证实了锚土界面处变形为土层抗浮锚杆变形的主要部分。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1691-1711
Simulation of geodynamic processes in sandbox experiments requires analogue materials with a deformation behaviour that reproduces the deformation mechanisms of typical crustal rocks. We present data on the frictional strength of different sand types employing static and dynamic shear tests. The sand types analysed are characterised by an elastic/frictional plastic mechanical behaviour with a transient strain-hardening and strain-softening phase prior to transition to stable sliding. This is in conflict with the standard assumption of an ideal cohesionless Coulomb-material with constant frictional properties. The influence of the identified transient material properties on the kinematics, growth mechanisms, and internal deformation patterns of convergent sand wedges results in characteristic wedge segments which vary—depending on material compaction—between wedges with well defined segments (i.e. frontal-deformation zone, frontal-imbrication zone and internal-accumulation zone) with straight slopes and wedges with a continuous convex topographic profile. For most materials, only the frontal part of the wedge is critical during experimental runs. Taper and strength of the wedge segments can be shown to be controlled by the frictional properties of active faults. Wedge segmentation is controlled by a bulk-strength increase toward the rear of the wedge due to fault rotation in mechanically less-favourable orientations and plastic material hardening. The limit between the frontal critical parts of a wedge and internal stable parts is largely controlled by a critical state of stress upon which either renewed failure or fault inactivation occurs. On this basis, we suggest that critical-taper analysis of wedges must be restricted to specific kinematic segments. Comparison of the experimental results with the Nankai accretionary wedge suggests that our interpretation also applies to natural convergent wedges. Moreover, we provide constraints for the selection of adequate granular analogue materials to simulate typical crustal rocks in natural convergent wedges. 相似文献
4.
Jianhua Hu Shaojun Liu Ruiqiang Zhang Qiong Hu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(4):1029-1035
The uniaxial compressive breaking process of energy of deep-sea Cobalt-Rich Crust was selected as researching content, and the calculation of energy conversion of breaking Cobalt-Rich Crust under loading and unloading conditions was described in detail, and also the specimens of Cobalt-Rich Crust were tested in rock mechanical testing system under the specified stressing paths. From experimental data, the elastic energy, the dissipated energy and the total inputting energy of unloading points were analyzed systematically. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the specimens of Cobalt-Rich Crust are anisotropic rock, and different testing specimens need to load different axial forces to break, and the maximum of axial force is 8KN, and the minimum is 5KN; (2) when increasing the axial force, the elastic energy, the dissipated energy and the total inputting energy of the unloading points increased nonlienearly; (3) Cobalt-Rich Crust is not the same with other ordinary elastic rock, the elastic energy is lower than the corresponding dissipated energy, and with the increasing of the axial force, the difference between two values becomes more and more. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, we propose an anisotropic plastic damage model for semi-brittle geomaterials based on a discrete thermodynamic approach. The macroscopic plastic deformation is generated by frictional sliding of weakness planes. The evolution of damage is related to growth of such weakness planes. The local frictional sliding in each family of weakness planes is described by a non-associated plastic model taking into account material softening and volumetric dilatancy. The damage evolution is coupled with plastic deformation and modelled by an isotropic damage criterion. The proposed model is applied to modelling mechanical responses of typical sandstone under different loading paths. There is good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental data. Further, the anisotropic distributions of plastic deformation and induced damage are analysed and discussed. 相似文献
6.
土压平衡盾构施工的顶进推力模型试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在盾构的掘削过程中,千斤顶顶进推力是一个重要的施工参数,它不仅决定着施工速度,而且还影响着刀盘的切削扭矩、转动速度等其他参量。但是,目前对千斤顶顶进推力的变化规律,尤其是土体与盾壳之间摩擦阻力的研究还不够深入。以上海地区粉砂地层为参照原型,借助于模型试验方法,通过对盾构机工作参数和地层特性参数进行不同的组合试验,研究了土压平衡盾构推进过程中顶进推力变化的规律,以及土体与盾壳之间摩擦作用的机理及其影响因素。在此基础上推导了盾构千斤顶顶进推力的计算公式。 相似文献
7.
剪切位移传递法分析抗浮锚杆应力状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈棠茵 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(1):36-39
假定锚侧摩阻力与剪切变形呈非线性变化,考虑锚侧土体在影响区域内符合非线性弹性理论,运用剪切位移传递法,建立了抗浮锚杆计算模型,推导了锚侧剪应力与剪切位移的关系式。通过模型描述受荷状态下抗浮锚杆的轴力、摩阻力、位移的变化形态,分析了锚杆应力变化的工作机理,并预估了其极限承载力。 相似文献
8.
This article is devoted to numerical modeling of anisotropic damage and plasticity in saturated quasi‐brittle materials such as rocks and concrete. The damaged materials are represented by an isotropic poroelastic matrix containing a number of families of microcracks. Based on previous works, a discrete thermodynamic approach is proposed. Each family of microcracks exhibits frictional sliding along crack surfaces as well as crack propagation. The frictional sliding is described by a Coulomb–Mohr‐type plastic criterion by taking into account the effect of fluid pressure through a generalized effective stress concept. The damage evolution is entirely controlled by and coupled with the frictional sliding. The effective elastic properties as well as Biot's coefficients of cracked porous materials are determined as functions of induced damage. The inelastic deformation due to frictional sliding is also taken into account. The procedure for the identification of the model's parameters is presented. The proposed model is finally applied to study both mechanical and poromechanical responses of a typical porous brittle rock in drained and undrained compression tests as well as in interstitial pressure controlled tests. The main features of material behaviors are well reproduced by the model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
10.
抗滑桩变形过程中产生的竖向摩阻力可以形成反力矩,有助于抵抗滑坡推力,现对竖向摩阻力对抗滑桩嵌固段内力及变形的影响进行研究。在弹性地基系数法K法和小变形假设的基础上,假定竖向摩阻力与桩岩相对位移成正比,建立考虑竖向摩阻力的抗滑桩受力模型及其挠曲变形微分方程,并推导其求解过程。通过马家沟Ⅰ号滑坡抗滑桩实例计算,分析了竖向摩阻力对抗滑桩内力及变形计算的影响。竖向摩阻力形成的反力矩能减小抗滑桩的变形及内力,对抗滑桩剪力的影响最大,水平位移次之,对弯矩影响最小。考虑竖向摩阻力的抗滑桩计算模型能改善目前抗滑桩设计中剪力计算过大的问题,使抗滑桩设计更为合理。 相似文献
11.
巷道围岩由于变形的不协调常常会产生单个或多个离层。根据岩层相对移动时拉拔载荷对锚杆的作用机制,对单个离层产生的锚杆附加应力建立弹塑性力学模型,讨论了弹性状态下离层对锚固体荷载的影响,随着离层进一步扩展,锚固体界面进入弹塑性阶段,基于剪切滑移模型,确定出离层左右两侧的滑移范围。总结出离层作用下锚杆受力全过程分为5个阶段：全弹性、单侧弹塑性、两侧弹塑性、一侧全滑移而另一侧滑移范围增大、全塑性直至锚杆承受极限拉拔荷载而破坏。采用模型试验数据对岩体离层-锚杆轴力曲线特性进行对比验证,结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好。根据应力叠加原理,推导出多离层情况下锚杆的应力求解公式,得出应力分布为多峰曲线。通过实例对离层值、离层位置做了参数分析,离层对锚杆的荷载影响应在今后的锚固设计中予以考虑。 相似文献
12.
13.
微型桩组合结构模型抗滑机制试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对以空间桁架微型桩体系的组合结构采用了分级加载的方法,通过新的地质力学模型试验,研究滑坡推力引起的微型桩体系内力变化规律,并根据试验方法和空间桁架微型桩体系中各排桩的受力状态,导出了分级加载条件下受横向约束的弹性地基梁的结构分析解。试验结果表明,在碎石土地质条件下,连系梁可以有效限制微型桩顶位移,并减小桩身弯矩,滑体中桩前土压力分布相对较为均匀,各排微型桩桩体的弯矩大小分布比较接近,最大弯矩位于滑面处;基于受到横向约束的弹性地基梁的结构分析解,可以较好地描述空间桁架式微型桩在分级加载后的内力变化及其分布规律。研究结果对正确分析微型桩的抗滑机制和微型桩抗滑设计具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
14.
A constitutive model for sand based on non-linear elasticity and the state parameter 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper describes the development of a constitutive model for a poorly graded sand, which was used in geotechnical experiments on buried pipes (reported elsewhere). The sand was tested extensively in the laboratory to determine the state parameter constants. Triaxial tests on the sand included conventional drained triaxial compression tests, as well as more specialized shearing tests at constant mean effective stress and others at constant volume. Single element simulation of the triaxial tests was performed to validate the proposed constitutive model. The adopted model allowed non-linear elastic behaviour prior to yielding. After yielding of the sand, the state parameter-based model for the sand permitted non-associated plastic flow. Dilation and frictional strength were both dependent on the current value of the state parameter. The combination of laboratory testing and single element modelling resulted in the selection of a single set of material constants for the soil, which adequately described the full range of triaxial tests. Subsequently the model was applied to the problem of a plate loading test on the sand and the model predictions were compared with the test data. 相似文献
15.
Certain rock properties that depend on intergranular fracture and frictional sliding appear to be independent of rock type. This relationship is true for the rock-on-rock frictional sliding coefficient. The generalization has been widely applied to geomechanical modelling of upper crustal strength. Porous sandstones can be relatively weak and poorly cohesive, hence susceptible to deformation involving grain fragmentation and pore collapse. The critical state theory is commonly applied to describe such behaviour. Previous work showed that the yield surface is substantially independent of rock type when mean stress and differential stress are normalized by the grain crushing pressure, implying that the critical state line is rock type-independent and equivalent to the frictional sliding criterion. We test these hypotheses using previously published data for a range of porous sandstones augmented by new experimental results on Hollington and Berea sandstones deformed to large strains to define the critical state line over a wide range of pressures for each rock type. Results confirm the rock type-independence of the critical state line and show that it is nearly equivalent to frictional sliding. These relationships point to a simple procedure for estimating approximately the mechanical properties of sandstones based only on petrographic characteristics. 相似文献
16.
模拟岩石压剪状态下主次裂纹萌生开裂的扩展有限元法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
压剪应力状态下,岩石类材料中常见两类裂纹：翼型张拉裂纹和次生压剪裂纹。基于扩展有限元方法（XFEM）,提出了模拟压剪裂纹面作用机制的扩展有限元位移增强方案,并给出了扩展有限元法分叉裂纹处理方法,分别用最大周向拉应力准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则判断张拉裂纹和压剪裂纹的萌生和扩展。基于Matlab平台编写了数值计算程序Betaxfem 2D,通过两个算例对所提方案进行了验证,所得结果与有限元法（FEM）计算结果吻合很好。模拟了单轴压缩载荷下含预制闭合裂纹试件的裂纹分叉、扩展过程,与试验结果的对比表明,所提方案可以模拟和预测岩石类材料张拉、压剪交互分叉裂纹的萌生和扩展行为。 相似文献
17.
The cracked chevron notched semi-circular bending (CCNSCB) method falls into a significant testing category of chevron notched specimens for measuring the mode I fracture toughness, of which the progressive fracture mechanism deserves to be further assessed under intermediate dynamic loading rate (IDLR). In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) is adopted to depict the three-dimensional fracture processes of the CCNSCB specimens subjected to different IDLRs considering different supporting spans. The results demonstrate that the crack front of the CCNSCB specimen with any loading condition is prominently curved, which violates the straight-through crack propagation assumption and may induce some errors in the fracture toughness measurements. For each IDLR, the peak force of the CCNSCB specimen evidently increases with decreased supporting span, and the effect of loading rate on this parameter is more prominent for a smaller supporting span. For a relatively large span, the crack grows restrictively in the notched ligament, which conforms to the ideal assumption of the fracture process and contributes to an accurate measurement of the mode I fracture toughness. Thus, a large supporting span is suggested for the semi-circular bend tests. Additionally, the critical crack length and peak force are found dependent on the loading rate, and they are larger for the higher loading rate. Thus, the critical crack length determined under quasi-static conditions is not strictly suitable for the specimens under different IDLRs, especially for the much higher IDLR. This study calls for more attention on how to accurately determine the fracture toughness via chevron notched samples. 相似文献
18.
Qi-Zhi Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1995,19(3):219-226
A stable crack extension is a precondition for fracture toughness tests using chevron-notched specimens. The paper analyses the stability problem for crack extension in two chevron-notched specimens suggested by ISRM. Stability factors are calculated with various compliances of testing machine under different loading conditions. It is pointed out that the loading manner, compliance of the testing machine, as well as the specimen configurations have great influence on crack growth stability. 相似文献
19.
为分析岩石节理在剪切加载-蠕变-卸载下的能量演化与变形特征,利用GCTS（RDS?200型）岩石剪切测试系统对人工劈裂岩石节理进行分级剪切加载-蠕变-卸载试验。结果表明：在法向应力小于6.5 MPa和大于7.8 MPa时,滞回环面积与循环级数分别符合线性和指数关系;总变形能和弹性变形能与法向应力呈正相关,与循环级数呈指数关系;塑性变形能与循环级数和法向载荷呈正相关。各级剪切应力加载终止时的剪切位移外包络线与直剪应力-位移曲线变化趋势相同,具有加速上升段、匀速上升段和匀速下降段;累积剪切塑性变形随循环级数增加而增大,但增大速率逐渐变慢;各级剪切加、卸载曲线均能以剪切滑移点为界分为两个阶段;剪切失稳前,加、卸载阶段的法向位移-剪切应力曲线出现在上一循环前方,循环剪切加载和（或）蠕变结束时的累积法向变形出现从增加到减小的现象。 相似文献
20.
基于岩石摩擦滑动变形场的非均匀特征,开展了岩石蠕滑和黏滑两种形式的摩擦滑动规律研究。采用双面摩擦模型试验方法,以数字散斑相关方法作为观测手段,分别研究了岩石蠕滑和黏滑变形过程中围岩位移场等值线、变形场非均匀统计指标、变形能密度与滑动面滑动速度演化及规律。结果表明：围岩位移场等值线分布能较好地反映滑动面阻滑特征,其中强阻滑区域的位移等值线呈弧状且分布较稀疏,弱阻滑区域的位移场等值线呈平行状且分布较密集;岩石蠕滑过程中,非均匀统计指标呈现波动增长特征,岩石黏滑过程中,非均匀统计指标呈现出突变跳跃特征。岩石蠕滑过程中不同区域的滑动速度均呈加速与减速滑动的交替状态,滑动面上各点滑动趋势不同;岩石黏滑过程中不同区域的滑动速度均出现突变。岩石蠕滑过程中不同区域上的变形能密度均处于积累与释放的波动状态,岩石黏滑过程中不同区域变形能密度产生突变。 相似文献