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1.
Separation of the effects of initial horizontal stress and relative density on cone tip resistance in sandy soils has been a complicated issue for many years. In order to overcome this problem, a numerical modeling of CPT which has been verified by calibration chamber tests, has been used in this paper to achieve a reliable analytical solution. The analytical solution has resulted in two relationships for sleeve friction and cone tip resistance in terms of the initial conditions of sandy soil. Based on the presented solution, the initial horizontal stress and relative density can be determined according to CPT measurements. 相似文献
2.
The cone penetration test (CPT) provides profiles of the tip resistance, sleeve friction, and pore water pressure encountered while penetrating the subsurface. These parameters are used either directly or indirectly to classify the soil types present and to obtain geotechnical design parameters. However, fundamental discrepancies exist in the manner by which these parameters are measured. This paper describes the results of a study that shows the sleeve friction measurement introduces unnecessary redundancy due to the length of the standard friction sleeve compared to the measurement increment. Further, the high sleeve length to measurement increment ratio results in filtering and smoothing of the friction data, thereby causing the variability of the friction between the soil and the cone sleeve to be underestimated. The importance of understanding the role of the sleeve length on measurements is demonstrated using synthetically generated friction profiles and estimating the profiles that would be measured using sleeves of different lengths. Differences in how the soils are classified as a function of the sleeve length used to obtain each profile are illustrated. Solutions are presented to validate the synthetic sleeve friction profiles, to demonstrate the filtering and smoothing effects of the friction sleeve on the data, and to explain the implications of the sleeve length on soil classification. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Behnam Ghorbani Ehsan Sadrossadat Jafar Bolouri Bazaz Parisa Rahimzadeh Oskooei 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(4):2057-2076
This study explores the potential of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for prediction of the ultimate axial load bearing capacity of piles (Pu) using cone penetration test (CPT) data. In this regard, a reliable previously published database composed of 108 datasets was selected to develop ANFIS models. The collected database contains information regarding pile geometry, material, installation, full-scale static pile load test and CPT results for each sample. Reviewing the literature, several common and uncommon variables have been considered for direct or indirect estimation of Pu based on static pile load test, cone penetration test data or other in situ or laboratory testing methods. In present study, the pile shaft and tip area, the average cone tip resistance along the embedded length of the pile, the average cone tip resistance over influence zone and the average sleeve friction along the embedded length of the pile which are obtained from CPT data are considered as independent input variables where the output variable is Pu for the ANFIS model development. Besides, a notable criticism about ANFIS as a prediction tool is that it does not provide practical prediction equations. To tackle this issue, the obtained optimal ANFIS model is represented as a tractable equation which can be used via spread sheet software or hand calculations to provide precise predictions of Pu with the calculated correlation coefficient of 0.96 between predicted and experimental values for all of the data in this study. Considering several criteria, it is represented that the proposed model is able to estimate the output with a high degree of accuracy as compared to those results obtained by some direct CPT-based methods in the literature. Furthermore, in order to assess the capability of the proposed model from geotechnical engineering viewpoints, sensitivity and parametric analyses are done. 相似文献
4.
相关距离是用随机场理论建模土层剖面的一个非常重要的参数,也是利用随机场理论进行岩土工程可靠性分析的关键所在。基于苏中地区某建筑工程原位静力触探测试数据中的锥尖阻力指标,针对粉质黏土层,利用不同取样间距对相关距离进行了统计计算,分析了取样间距对相关距离计算结果的影响及原因,提出了实际应用中基于尺度匹配原则的取样间距确定方法;随后,基于江苏中部某高速公路工程地质勘察所提供的大量原位静力触探测试数据,结合相关距离计算的平均零跨距法、递推空间法和相关函数法,对该区湖相沉积土层土性参数的竖直向和水平向相关距离进行了系统地统计分析。研究成果不仅提供了土性参数相关距离计算过程中取样间距的确定原则,而且获得了相关距离的区域性代表值,为区域性土性参数随机场模型的建立打下坚实的基础,能对苏中地区岩土工程可靠性分析提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Four sinkholes with varying surficial expressions were subjected to detailed stratigraphic and soil analysis by means of Standard
Penetration Tests (SPT) and Electric Friction Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) in order to evaluate applications of CPT to sinkhole
investigations. Although widely used, SPT data are of limited value and difficult to apply to sinkhole mapping. CPT is sensitive
to minor lithologic variability and is superior to SPT as a cost-effective technique for determining geotechnical properties
of sinkholes.
The effectiveness of CPT data results from the force measurements made along the sleeve of the cone. The friction ratio (ratio
of sleeve to tip resistance) is a good indicator of soil stratigraphy and properties. By smoothing the friction-ratio data,
general stratigraphy and changes in soil properties are easily identified.
Stratigraphy of the sinks has been complicated by intense weathering, karstification and marine, transgressions. The resulting
deposits include five stratigraphic units. I and II represent Plio-Pleistocene marine sediments with Unit II being the zone
of soil clay accumulation. III and IV are horizons residual from Miocene strata and indicate an episode of karstification
prior to deposition of Units I and II.
Conduit fill is a mixture of materials with low cohesion. The fill materials indicate centripetal and downward movement of
insoluble sediments derived from the surrounding strata. Loss of cohesion results in near-zero friction ratios. Very low friction
ratios, coupled with materials with little cohesion, indicate potentially-liquefiable soils in the immediate vicinity of zones
where piping failure may be imminent. SPT does not provide sufficient data to predict these zones of potential, failure.
CPT provides sufficient information for recognition of sinkhole stratigraphy and geotechnical properties. When coupled with
laboratory soil analysis, CPT provides unique information about sinkhole geometry and dynamics. In contrast, SPT data fail
to produce consistent indicators of sinkhole stratigraphy or properties. With laboratory soil data, SPT indicates general,
inconclusive trends. 相似文献
6.
在场地岩土工程勘察中,为使所取土样之间满足数据独立性的要求,本文提出应使钻孔取样间距等于土的相关距离,这样能真实、准确地反映地基土的特性。根据Vanmarcke提出的随机场模型,结合数理统计和随机过程理论,采用递推平均法计算得到土的相关距离,其计算数据来自现场静力触探试验。 相似文献
7.
A new finite element model based on a large strain formulation has been developed to study cone penetration in normally consolidated sand. An auto‐adaptive remeshing technique was utilized for handling the very large distortion of sand surrounding the cone tip. A frictional contact interface utilizing Mohr–Coulomb's theory was chosen to represent interactions between the surface of the cone and sand. To model the sand behaviour, the non‐associated Drucker–Prager constitutive model was selected. ABAQUS, a commercial finite element software package, was used to implement the model. The explicit solution algorithm was chosen due to its effectiveness for complicated contact problems. Analysis results proved that the model successfully captured the cone penetration behavior in sand. In addition, a chart to predict internal friction angles based on cone tip resistance for different vertical effective stresses was provided. This paper also shows a typical distribution of sleeve resistance, tip resistance—penetration relationship, and typical contours of vertical, horizontal, and shear stresses in normally consolidated sand. Finally, a non‐uniform resistance was found along the length of the friction sleeve. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Cone penetration test (CPT) is one of the most common in situ tests which is used for pile design because it can be realized as a model pile. The measured cone resistance (qc) and sleeve friction (fs) usually are employed for estimation of pile unit toe and shaft resistances, respectively. Thirty three pile case histories have been compiled including static loading tests performed in uplift, or in push with separation of shaft and toe resistances at sites which comprise CPT or CPTu sounding. Group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural networks optimized using genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to model the effects of effective cone point resistance (qE) and cone sleeve friction (fs) as input parameters on pile unit shaft resistance, applying some experimentally obtained training and test data. Sensitivity analysis of the obtained model has been carried out to study the influence of input parameters on model output. Some graphs have been derived from sensitivity analysis to estimate pile unit shaft resistance based on qE and fs. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with the other CPT and CPTu direct methods and referenced to measured piles shaft capacity. The results demonstrate that appreciable improvement in prediction of pile shaft capacity has been achieved. 相似文献
9.
静力触探探测具有原位性、连续性、高效性以及高分辨率的优点,利用海洋静力触探探测成果计算海上平台桩基承载力具有非常大的应用空间。以胜利油田埕岛海域某平台为例,使用ROSON100型海洋静力触探仪对平台各桩腿开展原位探测,同步进行钻探取样及室内土工参数测试。分别利用静力触探和钻探取样测试成果计算了平台桩基承载力,对比讨论了3种桩基承载力计算方法之间的异同。结果表明:3种方法对应的桩侧摩阻力随埋深变化整体趋势基本一致;基于一定区域工程经验,钻探规范法和静探间接法得到的桩端阻力、单桩极限承载力基本吻合,而静探直接法得到的桩端阻力和单桩极限承载力相较前两者明显偏大;考虑以粉砂作为持力层的前提下3种桩基极限承载力计算方法表现出较好的兼容性。研究成果可为海洋工程桩基承载力计算提供新的借鉴,具有一定科学意义和应用价值。 相似文献
10.
安哥拉格埃路地层（Quelo）棕红色砂土形成年代较长,低含水率下地基承载力较高,但遇水后地基承载力降低幅度较大,地基处理方案常有争议。大量的工程实践和专项研究表明,地基土的承载力与含水率有明显的相关性,通过探井取样和原位测试,查明了地基土的物理力学特性,分析不同含水率条件下的静力触探试验(CPT)和平板载荷试验(PLT)数据,建立了适用于该地层的地基承载力与含水率的幂函数关系式以及地基承载力与锥头阻力的线性经验公式。静力触探试验结果表明,地层锥头阻力qc和侧壁摩阻力fs随深度增加而逐渐提高,土质均匀,但摩阻比Rf较小。分析认为,采用不经碾压的砂土作为地基,具有较高的风险;对于多层及9～13层建筑的地基处理,采用换填垫层法较桩基更合理。 相似文献
11.
A three-dimensional discrete element model is used to investigate the effect of grain crushing on the tip resistance measured by cone penetration tests (CPT) in calibration chambers. To do that a discrete analogue of pumice sand, a very crushable microporous granular material, is created. The particles of the discrete model are endowed with size-dependent internal porosity and crushing resistance. A simplified Hertz–Mindlin elasto-frictional model is used for contact interaction. The model has 6 material parameters that are calibrated using one oedometer test and analogies with similar geomaterials. The calibration is validated reproducing other element tests. To fill a calibration chamber capable of containing a realistic sized CPT the discrete analogue is up-scaled by a factor of 25. CPT is then performed at two different densities and three different confinement pressures. Cone tip resistance in the crushable material is practically insensitive to initial density, as had been observed in previous physical experiments. The same CPT series is repeated but now particle crushing is disabled. The ratios of cone tip resistance between the two types of simulation are in good agreement with previous experimental comparisons of hard and crushable soils. Microscale exploration of the models indicates that crushing disrupts the buttressing effect of chamber walls on the cone. 相似文献
12.
This paper explores how the discrete-element method (DEM) was found to play an increasingly important role in cone penetration test (CPT) where continuum-mechanics-based analysis tools are insufficient. We investigated several crucial features of CPT simulations in the two-dimensional DEM. First, the microparameters (stiffness and friction) of discrete material tailored to mimic clean, saturated sand, which is used in cone-penetration tests, were calibrated by curve-fitting drained triaxial tests. Then, three series of cone-penetration simulations were conducted to explore (1) top boundary conditions, (2) reasonable size of discrete particles at different initial porosities, and (3) limit initial porosity of the model for a balance between accurate representation and computational efficiency. Further, we compared the cone-penetration resistance obtained in the laboratory and numerical simulations for the range of relative densities. 相似文献
13.
无黏性土中筒型基础负压下沉模型试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筒型基础是海洋结构物特别是海上风力机的重要基础型式之一,其下沉阻力的研究是该种基础型式成功应用的关键。目前对于无黏性土中下沉负压的计算方法主要有以静力触探为基础的(CPT-Based)方法与基于贯入过程中筒体受力平衡的解析方法,但计算结果与工程实测数据均存在偏差。开展了3种不同厚径比筒型基础的负压下沉模型试验,测量了下沉过程中筒内外侧壁、端部土压力以及周围土体的孔压变化;分析了2种方法中计算参数对结果的影响,给出了推荐的参数取值范围;根据实测孔压与数值模拟结果建立了临界负压计算公式。研究表明：砂土中筒型基础负压下沉时筒土间摩擦系数约为0.2,推荐CPT-Based方法中的外侧摩阻力系数为0.002 6～0.007 0,内侧摩阻力系数为0.001,端阻力系数为0.2～0.6;解析法中侧向土压力系数介于静止土压力系数与被动土压力系数之间,端阻力承载系数为40;考虑土体渗透破坏保护机制的临界负压计算公式可以有效地提高筒型基础下沉控制的临界负压,更加接近实际情况。 相似文献
14.
由于现有静力触探机械设备提供的动力有限,使得静力触探技术无法应用于较硬土层或较深土层中（应力较高）。保证探头顺利平稳地探入较硬土层,是触探技术应用于硬土层的前提条件。通过对旋压式触探时探头上的受力进行分析,推导了不考虑侧壁摩擦力的旋压式触探的总锥尖阻力和扭矩的理论模型,同时也推导了用旋压式触探测试成果计算锥土间摩擦系数的数学模型,并在室内旋压式触探仪上进行相应的试验,试验结果不仅验证了理论分析的正确性,而且试验结果表明：对同一土体制成不同含水率、干重度的试样进行相同的探入速度和旋转速度下的旋压式触探,所得的扭矩与总锥尖阻力呈线性关系。根据数学模型计算的锥土间摩擦系数要比土体的内摩擦系数大得多,但两者具有较明显的一致性。结合土层的各向异性的特点、锥土间的摩阻力的存在等因素分析了旋压式触探方式能够降低总锥尖阻力的原因 相似文献
15.
在岩土工程设计中,准确地衡量土层参数的空间变异性决定了设计结构的可靠性和经济性,土参数的自相关距离是反映其空间变异性的一个重要指标。目前对于自相关距离与结构可靠性之间的关系的研究还很不完善。本文以单桩可靠性设计为例,选取工程场地的静力触探试验数据,引入随机场理论描述侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的分布特征,利用递推平均法计算各地基土层侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的自相关距离,在描述土层侧摩阻力和锥尖阻力的分布特征时考虑了自相关距离的影响,进一步结合蒙特卡洛法计算单桩的可靠指标。结果表明土参数取值考虑自相关距离的影响后,降低了土参数分布的离散程度,计算的单桩可靠指标更高。在保证桩基安全度的前提下,设计结果能够降低工程成本。 相似文献
16.
G. L. Sivakumar Babu Satyanarayana Murthy Dasaka 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(1):37-46
The effect of directional behaviour of correlation structure of cone tip resistance on the bearing capacity of shallow strip
footing resting on cohesionless soil deposit in 2-D random field is analysed using probabilistic approach. The results obtained
from the analysis show that the assumption of perfect (or infinite) correlation of cone tip resistance data leads to lower
values of probability of failure. In contrast, the isotropic assumption of correlation behaviour based on vertical scale of
fluctuation leads to higher values of probability of failure. The results also show that the transformation model would play
a major role in the evaluation of variability of design property. In conclusion, the need for a proper evaluation methodology
for calculation of correlation lengths of soil properties and their influence in foundation design is highlighted. 相似文献
17.
The paper presents observations made in CPTs performed under controlled laboratory conditions in normally consolidated clay–sand mixtures at various penetrations. These results are combined with data from field tests to develop a relationship for CPT data in young normally consolidated soils that combines end resistance and friction sleeve data. This relationship can be used to assist assessment of soil type and CPT parameters for un-aged normally consolidated soils as well as allowing judgements to be made in relation to likely levels of under-consolidation, structure and over-consolidation in any given soil deposit.
相似文献18.
A layered elastic model is adopted in the paper for the analysis of soil layering effects on the results of Cone Penetration Testing (CPT). Analytical solutions associated with the layered elastic CPT model and obtained via numerically integrating the fundamental singular solution for layered elastic solids due to the action of a body force concentrated on a circular ring. The soil layering effects on the CPT tip and friction resistance are examined in detail using the layered elastic CPT model. These examinations include parametric studies, influence of soil compressibility, comparisons with theoretical results given in the literature, verification with experimental data and simulation of field trial results. The examinations lead to the conclusions that the layered elastic CPT model can be used to analyse soil layering effects on CPT results and to estimate relative shear modulus strength of soil layers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
本文介绍了对以饱和粘性土为介质的模型槽中所进行的孔压静力触探(CPTU)试验,通过对试验数据的分析,得出探头贯入时周围土体的轴向附加应力和径向附加应力的变化及分布,锥尖、侧壁摩阻力以及超孔隙水压力的变化,以及停止贯入后孔压消散过程中探头周围土体的超孔压变化,从这些方面来探讨土中应力场的变化,附加应力的影响范围,临界深度现象以及超孔隙水压力的变化规律。 相似文献
20.
Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake Jeong-Gi Um 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(2):149-165
The cone tip resistance data available for the clay site at Texas A&M University, USA (one of the National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites) are used to show how the spatial variation of a soil property can be quantified. It is suggested that the first step in quantifying the spatial variation of a soil property should be the identification or selection of the statistically homogeneous soil layers. A new simple procedure is suggested to identify statistically homogeneous layers in a soil profile. Through examples it is shown that the procedure works extremely well in identifying the statistically homogeneous layers. For the chosen statistically homogeneous layers, the spatial variation of cone tip resistance with depth is quantified in terms of a constant mean or a mean trend, variance/standard deviation/coefficient of variation or a variance around the mean trend, and a correlation or variogram function. Correlation distances in the depth direction were found to be between 0.1 and 0.5m for the two soil layers investigated. It was shown that the correlation distance decreases in the presence of a global mean trend for the soil property. In such cases, it is important to note that a part of the correlation is automatically included in the mean trend function. 相似文献