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1.
徐武家麻粒岩相糜棱岩   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
内蒙中部土贵乌拉南徐武家早前寒武纪麻粒岩地体中发育北东向韧性剪切带,其中发现有宽达5km 的麻粒岩相糜棱岩剖面,成分相当于紫苏辉长岩、钠质花岗岩和泥质岩的麻粒岩相糜棱岩出露齐全,保存完整。二辉斜长麻粒岩中紫苏辉石、斜长石、钾长石和透辉石斑晶普遍发育强烈的塑性形变;细粒重结晶相矿物组合 Hy+Di+Pl+Kf+Hb+Bi+Scap+Q 显示糜棱岩形成于麻粒岩相变质条件,二辉石矿物对给出温度 T=710℃。该糜棱岩带与麻粒岩相变辉长岩和地壳熔融型石榴子石花岗岩密切共生,这一事实既确证了韧性剪切带在麻粒岩变质过程中发育,为研究该区麻粒岩相岩带构造演化找到了一个构造标志,同时,也为深入探讨下地壳的实际构造过程,包括麻粒岩相条件下剪切形变发生的饥理以及克拉通化提供了地质实例。  相似文献   

2.
喜马拉雅造山带中段麻粒岩绝大多数呈透镜状、布丁体等弱应变域断续产出,强应变带围岩往往发育糜棱面理和构造片理。部分麻粒岩经历了强烈的韧性剪切构造变形,形成剪切透镜体,并且明显受韧性剪切带控制,显示成带分布、局部集中的特点。根据矿物组合可将产出的麻粒岩分为4种麻粒岩,其主要组成矿物如斜方辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石以及石榴石等均不同程度地发生扭折、压扁、拉长扭曲、亚颗粒化及边缘强烈动态重结晶等强烈塑性显微构造变形特征。研究分析表明,麻粒岩的产出与重熔花岗岩的侵位及藏南伸展拆离断层活动有关,在喜马拉雅造山带强烈伸展快速抬升造山的绝热降压大陆动力学过程中,下地壳基性麻粒岩以较快的速率上升到地表,而下地壳层流作用、造山带伸展-隆升-造山导致麻粒岩相变质作用。  相似文献   

3.
变质构造岩类型及其特征   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
变质构造岩是由变质变形作用形成的一种特殊类型岩石,形成于地壳不同构造层次上的韧性变形带中,具有明确的构造成因的含义。依据变形机制、组构、同构造新生矿物组合,以及形成环境,将韧性剪切带中变质构造岩分为构造片麻岩系列、构造片岩系列和糜棱岩系列。构造片麻岩系列形成于地壳深部构造层次上,以颗粒流动和扩散蠕变变形机制为主,宏观上表现为条纹和条带状构造,微观上为三边平衡结构。构造片岩系列形成于地壳中浅部构造层次上,以位错蠕变和新矿物化作用为主,由同构造新生片状矿物和基质组成。糜棱岩系列主要以位错蠕变变形机制为主,动力重结晶现象普遍,由残斑和基质两个部分组成,粒度变细,S-L组构发育,形成于地壳中中浅部层次。  相似文献   

4.
内蒙古大青山深层次韧性剪切带的特征及其成因机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
内蒙古大青山高级变质杂岩区发育多条近东西向、平行相阃排列的深层次韧性剪切带.其主要位于不同岩性的边界,以发育各种条带构造及S-C组构为特征.韧性剪切带与其间弱变形域的应变强弱相间,连续变化的特点可用变形分解理论合理解释.剪切带中的构造岩具有明显不同于中浅层次糜棱岩的微观组构特征,主要表现为无残斑基质之分,广泛发育复晶石英条带,长石多呈三边平衡结构等,反映了地壳深层次的变形主要受扩散蠕变及熔体强化的颗粒流动机制控制.同构造矿物组合与石榴石-黑云母矿物时温压计(710℃,0.6 GPa)显示变形环境为高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相.同构造岩体单颗粒锆石U-Pb同住素年龄在1900 Ma~2200 Ma之间,推测剪切带大致形成于早元古代.韧性剪切带的构造形迹暗示其形成于斜向挤压(NNE-SSW)的构造环境,结合年代学资料及当时的大地构造环境,可认为其是阴山陆块与鄂尔多斯陆块斜向(NNE-SSW)水平会聚导致应变分解的产物.  相似文献   

5.
陕川丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿带的矿田构造-岩相学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陕西丁家林-四川太阳坪-四川董家院北东向金矿带位于后龙门山陆内造山带,构造动力学背景为陆-陆板块碰撞而形成的逆冲推覆造山带,金矿带内发育一系列与陆内造山作用密切有关的北东向递进脆-韧性剪切带。本文以构造-岩相学新方法为指导,在矿田构造-岩相学层次上,通过实测构造-岩相学剖面和岩石地球化学研究,对该金矿带物质学和运动学特征研究表明,赋矿地层志留系黄坪组(S1-2hn)区域性岩相学特征整体为陆棚相。黄坪组中部层间流体活动强烈,地壳浅部富Fe-Mg-CO32–型构造流体活动形成了斑点状铁碳酸盐千枚岩相;随构造变形层次加深,强应变带发育构造片岩相和初糜棱岩相,富Si O2型流体排泄的构造分异成岩作用形成了流变状糜棱岩相。强烈的构造成岩作用及造山带流体的大规模排泄形成了糜棱岩相,同位发育密集的流变状糜棱岩相和蚀变菱铁矿铁白云石网脉相。构造流体成岩成矿作用集中于强应变带形成蚀变糜棱岩相,后期脆性蚀变碎裂岩相叠加时,金矿化(体)发育。早期韧性剪切和脆韧性剪切变形并叠加有后期脆性变形构造,富集Au-Cu-Sb-W-Bi等元素组合。本区缺少或未见早三叠世以后形成的岩浆活动。大规模富Fe-Mg碳酸盐型流体及同构造期造山带流体活动与龙门山陆内造山带密切相关,表明丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿为造山型金矿。  相似文献   

6.
刘正宏  潘博文  李鹏川  朱凯  董晓杰 《地球科学》2017,42(12):2105-2116
大青山高级变质岩不仅记录华北克拉通早期大陆形成演化历史,也保留了中下部地壳岩石流变信息,它们经历了下部地壳构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件变质变形、深熔作用改造,形成了复杂构造样式和构造要素组合.韧性剪切带是高级变质岩中主要构造形迹,控制着早前寒武纪高级变质岩主体构造格架.依据野外地质产状、变形特征与构造要素叠加改造关系,韧性剪切带划分为早期近水平顺层伸展型和晚期陡倾韧性剪切带.近水平顺层伸展韧性剪切带呈残留状保留在后期变形改造较弱部位上,主要沿着不同地质单元或者岩性层界面上发育,是在伸展变形体制下形成的.晚期陡倾韧性剪切带呈近东西方向展布,规模较大,叠加和改造早期构造形迹,形成于晚期造山挤压构造环境中,以左行滑移为主.这两种韧性剪切带都形成于地壳中深部构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件下,变形机制主要为熔体增强颗粒边界扩散和颗粒流动,使岩石发生大规模的塑性流动.在宏观上形成了不对称流动组构、条纹条带构造、熔融线理、层内流动褶皱等构造形迹,在微观上矿物晶体没有发生明显塑性变形,均匀消光,晶体为三边平衡结构,与静态变质结构相似,形成了地壳深部构造层次上变质构造岩-构造片麻岩.   相似文献   

7.
秦岭大别山造山带内巨型构造混杂岩带的组成及构造意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
平行或近平行分布于秦岭大别山造山带的一个巨型构造混杂岩带,由变质表壳岩块、中深地壳变质块体、壳幔过滤带岩块和幔源岩块与糜梭岩和变晶糜梭岩基质共同组成。由构造混杂岩带内岩块和基质的变质变形特点、流变学性质、运动学标志、形成构造环境、动力学特征和时限,表明它们是华北陆块、扬子陆块和分布其间的地体并置碰撞对挤逆冲韧性剪切作用过程中多阶段长时期发育而成。空间上构造混杂岩带内岩块成分的多样性,反映造山带内物  相似文献   

8.
北京云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的岩石学和构造变形特征   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8  
位于北京市东北部的云蒙山岩浆杂岩体由十余个侵入体组成 ,它们普遍遭受了强烈韧性变形改造 ,与太古宇杂岩和变形变质的中 上元古代沉积岩共同卷入了云蒙山背形的构造系统中。野外调查和对岩石薄片的观察表明 ,岩浆杂岩体中各侵入体均具有变形变质特征 ,主要造岩矿物间具有明显的交代关系。虽然各侵入体在形成时代上存在明显的先后关系 ,但它们具有的片麻状构造是共同的 ,并且与围岩的变形是统一而协调的。这表明云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的片麻理不是岩体侵位时形成的 ,而是在岩体冷凝固结后受到构造变形作用改造的结果。即杂岩体侵位与其发育的片麻理构造所反映的变形事件在时间上存在明显差距。根据同位素年代学资料 ,岩浆侵位发生在燕山中期 ;但其与围岩一起卷入云蒙山背形构造系统的变形事件发生得较晚 ,可能形成于燕山晚期。云蒙山杂岩体中长英质侵入体的矿物学特征表明其在侵位后曾经历麻粒岩相区域变质作用 ,而在燕山晚期随变质核杂岩下盘的抬升又经历了角闪岩相退变质作用。云蒙山岩浆杂岩体可以代表燕山造山带新生的中部地壳的部分岩石组合  相似文献   

9.
内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区的高级变质杂岩是华北克拉通北缘西段怀安-贺兰山麻粒岩相地体的一部分,以孔兹岩系的发育为特征.这些高级变质杂岩经历了十分复杂的变形变质作用改造,构造特征十分复杂.近年来的研究发现,近东西向陡倾叶理带是该区高级变质杂岩中保存完好的一种主要构造形式,规模巨大,以密集的近东西向陡倾叶理和直立褶皱的发育为特征,反映了地壳挤压收缩环境下的纯剪切变形,其上叠加了深构相右行走滑剪切带.陡倾叶理带形成于角闪岩相-角闪麻粒岩相构造环境中,叠加在早期近水平顺层滑脱变形和穹形构造之上,是古元古代末期叠加造山作用的产物.  相似文献   

10.
变质作用是糜棱岩的主要形成机制和鉴别标志.大别山糜棱岩是在变质作用条件下形成的与断层(或剪切带)有关的岩石,可分为绿片岩相、角闪岩相、麻粒岩相和榴辉岩相糜棱岩.大别山糜棱岩的主要鉴别标志是相应变质相标志矿物的韧(塑)性变形或晶内变形,这与以往关于糜棱岩的定义有明显不同.大别山高压(超高压带内的各类糜棱岩的形成时代与同相...  相似文献   

11.
本文通过TM影像解译和野外验证,论证了研究区内近EW向构造带除在前中生代遭受了强烈的近SN向挤压变形外,还在中新生代叠加了脆-韧性和韧性两期近水平右扭剪切变形以及一期脆性变形,形成了现今的挤压带、剪切带和脆性断裂叠加的复杂构造格局。文中还对各期变形的最大主压应力方位、变形时代以及构造形成机制和演化进行了探讨。  相似文献   

12.
Brittle deformation zones at the Olkiluoto nuclear repository site in western Finland play critical roles in the strength and hydrology of the host rock mass. We present a procedure implemented there for incorporating information on deformation zones obtained through boreholes into quantitative engineering design. First, ductile and brittle deformation zones are classified based on their characteristics in drillhole cores as brittle joint clusters, brittle fault zones, or semi-brittle fault zones, with an awareness of the geologic processes that caused the zones to develop as they did. Next, it is shown that the mechanical properties of the brittle deformation zones can be calculated by one of several methods, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The site geology must be kept in mind at all stages to arrive at meaningful estimates of the mechanical properties of the deformation zones.  相似文献   

13.
N-S向断裂带与E-W向断裂带是崎峰茶-得田沟金矿田内主要赋矿构造带,具有韧-脆性变形特征;金的矿化富集与断裂带中糜棱岩及石英脉的发育密切相关;矿体定位于断裂带形变相变相对强烈的部位或区段。  相似文献   

14.
以南天山中段萨恨托亥-大山口成矿带内控矿韧性剪切带为例,对韧性剪切带的金成矿作用进行了初步探讨.通过对地质体的构造变形特点、变形演化过程的分析表明,韧性剪切带的构造属性控制了金矿的产状及规模,金矿化阶段与韧性剪切带的变形演化过程密切相关.矿化类型、矿化强度及矿化方式受韧性剪切带发展阶段制约,剪切带内物质组分迁移变化揭示出韧性剪切带与金在剪切带内的迁移富集、沉淀成矿的内在联系.韧性剪切带成矿作用是南天山成矿带中段重要的金矿成矿作用.  相似文献   

15.
During emplacement and cooling, the layered mafic–ultramafic Kettara intrusion (Jebilet, Morocco) underwent coeval effects of deformation and pervasive fluid infiltration at the scale of the intrusion. In the zones not affected by deformation, primary minerals (olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene) were partially or totally altered into Ca‐amphibole, Mg‐chlorite and CaAl‐silicates. In the zones of active deformation (centimetre‐scale shear zones), focused fluid flow transformed the metacumulates (peridotites and leucogabbros) into ultramylonites where insoluble primary minerals (ilmenite, spinel and apatite) persist in a Ca‐amphibole‐rich matrix. Mass‐balance calculations indicate that shearing was accompanied by up to 200% volume gain; the ultramylonites being enriched in Si, Ca, Mg, and Fe, and depleted in Na and K. The gains in Ca and Mg and losses in Na and K are consistent with fluid flow in the direction of increasing temperature. When the intrusion had cooled to temperatures prevailing in the country rock (lower greenschist facies), deformation was still active along the shear zones. Intense intragranular fracturing in the shear zone walls and subsequent fluid infiltration allowed shear zones to thicken to metre‐scale shear zones with time. The inner parts of the shear zones were transformed into chlorite‐rich ultramylonites. In the shear zone walls, muscovite crystallized at the expense of Ca–Al silicates, while calcite and quartz were deposited in ‘en echelon’ veins. Mass‐balance calculations indicate that formation of the chlorite‐rich shear zones was accompanied by up to 60% volume loss near the centre of the shear zones; the ultramylonites being enriched in Fe and depleted in Si, Ca, Mg, Na and K while the shear zones walls are enriched in K and depleted in Ca and Si. The alteration observed in, and adjacent to the chlorite shear zones is consistent with an upward migrating regional fluid which flows laterally into the shear zone walls. Isotopic (Sr, O) signatures inferred for the fluid indicate it was deeply equilibrated with host lithologies.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of high-strain deformation and fluid infiltration during Alpine eclogite facies metamorphism have been studied across ductile shear zones in relatively undeformed metagranitoids at Monte Mucrone (Sesia Zone, Western Alps, Italy). Microfabrics together with bulk rock and stable isotope data indicate that the mineralogical and chemical variations are related to the degree of deformation, rather than to changes in P-T conditions or tectonic position. Transformation of meta-quartz diorite to recrystallized eclogitic mylonites involved the breakdown of biotite and plagioclase and required the influx of H2O. Bulk-rock geochemical data show that ductile deformation to form eclogitic mylonites involved an increase in volume with a weight percent gain in H2O and Si and variable loss of K, Na, Ca and Al. δ18O changes systematically across ductile shear zones into the undeformed country rocks. Constant values in shear zone centres indicate advection parallel to the shear zone and within 10 cm of the mylonites. A dominant component of diffusive oxygen exchange perpendicular to the shear zones produced isotopic fronts, evident from a gradual increase in δ18O values to the reference values of the country rocks. The degree of isotopic shift within the shear zones reflects increasing deformation and degree of reaction progress. Multiple phases of Alpine deformation and mineral growth are recognized in the Monte Mucrone metagranitoids, and in some cases, eclogite facies shear zones were reactivated under greenschist facies conditions. The results of this study suggest that high-strain deformation provided pathways for both synkinematic and post-kinematic metamorphic fluids which were necessary for complete reactions. Relict igneous fabrics, as well as the presence of corona textures around biotite and pseudomorphs after primary igneous plagioclase in the least deformed rocks, indicate a paucity of hydrous fluids and support the conclusion that fluid movement was channelled rather than pervasive.  相似文献   

17.
通过对川西北壤塘含金剪切带中典型构造岩地球化学特征的研究,结果表明代表早期韧性变琪的产物=构造微晶片岩,其物质成分总的向外迁出,而与矿作用密切相关的晚期脆性叠加变形形成的碎裂闪长玢岩、石英闪长岩其物质总提迁入,这说明了壤塘含金剪切带早期及中深构造层次的韧性变形过程中,物质的迁出为矿矿作用提供了物质基础和流体;成矿过程中脆性变形形成的碎裂岩脉,表现为物质的迁入,因此这一阶段是主要的成矿阶段。  相似文献   

18.
The Wahongshan fault zone in Qinghai province is one of the most important faults in westem China. In this paper, deformation and X-ray petrofabrics have been studied in the middle segment of the fault. The results show that the formation of the fault zones can be divided into two major stages: ductile shear deformation stage and brittle deformation stage. The early stage ductile shearing leads to the formation of the NW-NNW trending mylonite zones along the fault, which is intensely cut by the late-formed brittle faults. X-ray petrofabrics of rocks near the faults indicate that the minerals in the tectonites show a great degree of orientation in the alignment. The quartz, which is a very important mineral in the tectonites, is deformed by basal face gliding or near basal face gliding, and sometimes by prismatic face sliding, which indicates that the rocks are deformed in epithermal to mesothermal or mesothermal environment, and the dynamic recrystallization also plays an important role in the formation  相似文献   

19.
In the Proterozoic Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, northern Australia, infiltration of large volumes of externally derived fluid occurred synchronously with regional amphibolite-facies metamorphism and deformation. This paper develops a model of structurally controlled fluid migration by comparing the distribution of fossil fluid pathways with the inferred stress and strain patterns during the deformation. Intense fluid flow was localized within strong, relatively brittle meta-intrusive bodies, and in discrete, veined, brecciated and altered zones around their margins. In metasediments folded in a ductile manner outside these areas, fluid infiltration was negligible. The direct correlation between structural styles and the magnitude of veining and metasomatism suggests control of permeability enhancement, and hence fluid flow, by deformation. Finite difference modelling of a strong body in a weaker matrix has been used to evaluate the variation of stresses during the deformation, from which it is clear that stress and strain heterogeneities have systematically influenced the development and maintenance of metamorphic fluid pathways. Particular regions in which mean stress may be significantly lower than the average lithostatic pressures include the ‘strain shadow’zones adjacent to the strong bodies, other dilatant zones around the bodies, and the bodies themselves. This geometry is favourable not only for localized brittle deformation under amphilobite facies conditions, but also for focused fluid flow in the low mean stress regions, as evidenced by the abundance of veins. Fluid access through these metamorphic aquifers occurred during tensile failure episodes, with particularly large dilations and decimetre-scale veining in areas of strain incompatibility. It appears likely that fluid circulated many times through the Fold Belt, with flow concentrated in the metamorphic aquifers. A model is developed that explains both the structurally focused fluid flow and the postulated multi-pass recirculation by dilatancy pumping, the ‘pump engines’comprising the low mean stress zones.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract Microstructural and chemical analysis of plagioclase in 20 superficially similar amphibolite facies ductile shear zones in metagabbors and amphibolites of the Ivrea Zone in Italy reveals significant differences in An and Ba contents. Plagioclase, which was deformed at P-T conditions lower than those of the wall rocks, occurs in the following four different microstructural situations with different chemical compositions: (i) relatively undeformed porphyroclasts, (ii) dynamically recrystallized grains and subgrains rimming the porphyroclasts, (iii) infill of microcracks cross-cutting the porphyroclasts and (iv) fine-grained recrystallized grains in the matrix of the shear zones. The differences in the An and Ba contents are caused by partial chemical equilibration of plagioclase in the shear zones during and partly after deformation. Changes in An and Ba contents were caused by fluid-assisted grain-boundary migration recrystallization, as well as by solid-state diffusion, while fluid activity was high. The relation between the composition and microstructures of the plagioclase in the shear zones indicates that in the different shear zones, fluids ceased to be active during different stages in the late shear zone deformation history.
The interpretation of the variations in composition and microstructures reveals that only grains that developed by grain-boundary migration recrystallization and that are not adjacent to porphyroclasts reflect P-T conditions during the dominant shear-zone deformation.  相似文献   

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