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为揭示东喜马拉雅构造结那木拉断裂带上新世以来强烈活动特征,对采集自那木拉断裂带的三件基岩样品进行黑云母40Ar/39Ar、磷灰石裂变径迹两种热年代学方法测年;并利用"Pecube"软件对测得年龄数据及断裂带两侧已发表年龄数据进行定量模拟计算。测试结果显示黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄范围为4.44±0.71 Ma~3.45±0.24 Ma,磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围为3.7±0.4 Ma~1.8±0.2 Ma。年龄数据及其模拟计算结果表明,约3 Ma以前那木拉断裂带南侧地壳隆升最快,隆升速率约2.5 km/Ma,断裂带以正断层运动特征为主;约3 Ma以来那木拉断裂带北侧地壳隆升最快,约为1.3 km/Ma,断裂带以逆断层运动特征为主。那木拉断裂带运动特征变化可能与约8 Ma以来东喜马拉雅构造结快速地壳隆升剥露区域由南向北逐渐迁移有关。 相似文献
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以喜马拉雅山系为典型实例,究竟是气候作用还是构造作用引起山体隆升的问题已经成为地球系统科学研究中的重要前沿问题.无论是气候因素还是构造因素引起山体隆升,二者都与一个共同的地表过程--剥蚀作用相关,剥蚀作用对山体中地质体的影响可以用岩石矿物经历的热史演化来描述,所以,在造山作用研究中,山体或山脉的热史演化是揭开地质体经历地质过程、山体隆升研究的重要途径.利用河砂组成矿物来研究流域的地质过程和构造演化已经成为现代地质科学的重要手段.本文采集了雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县以南约50 km处地东河段内的现代河砂,对其中的角闪石、白云母、黑云母及钾长石等四种矿物进行了高精度单颗粒激光40Ar/39Ar年代学测试,并进行了概率统计.地东河段河砂中富钾矿物40Ar/39Ar年代学统计结果显示,大峡谷流域的热史演化可以确定有多个阶段,分别可以识别出70～69、61～60、43～42、35～34、26～25、25～23、22～20、20～18、17～14、12～11、8～6、5～4及＜2Ma等13个热史演化阶段.通过将上述热史信息与印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞角度和碰撞速率变化曲线的对比,可以确定70～69、61～60、43～42、35～34、22～20和12～11Ma等6个阶段的年代学信息是两大陆碰撞角度和碰撞速率变化事件在东喜马拉雅构造结热史上的记录;通过与全球深海氧、碳同位素记录曲线的对比,可以认为26～25、25～23、17～14、8～6、5～4和＜2Ma等6个阶段的年代学信息是气候变化在东喜马拉雅构造结热史上的记录.东喜马拉雅构造结地质体热史演化是构造与气候相互作用的结果. 相似文献
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喜马拉雅山脉新生代差异隆升的裂变径迹热年代学证据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
裂变径迹年龄资料记录的雅鲁藏布江以南的喜马拉雅山脉的冷却年龄具有明显的时空差异性。在南北方向上,特提斯喜马拉雅的冷却年龄主要在8 Ma以前,局部为5.0~2.6 Ma,而高喜马拉雅的冷却年龄集中在5 Ma以后,大多数在3 Ma以来;在东西方向上体现在喜马拉雅东西构造结之间的高喜马拉雅带上,东喜马拉雅的不丹东部区域的裂变径迹热年代学数据揭示了8.0~3.0 Ma的冷却剥露的历史;东喜马拉雅的不丹西部区域为7.0~1.4 Ma;中喜马拉雅的尼泊尔地区为5.0~0.2 Ma;西喜马拉雅的印度西北部地区为3.0~1.0 Ma。最年轻的裂变径迹年龄显示出由中间向两侧增大,反映了地质晚近时期东西构造结间的高喜马拉雅山脉的剥露幅度由中间向两边减弱的趋势,揭示了以中喜马拉雅为隆升中心向两边拓展的趋势。综合有关裂变径迹年代学资料表明,喜马拉雅山脉的隆升主要发生在中新世以来,其表现为18~11 Ma、9 Ma以来的两个快速隆升期。喜马拉雅山脉隆升的动力体制可能由早期的挤压隆升—中新世的伸展隆升—上新世以来构造隆升为主,局部气候作用和构造作用耦合的山脉隆升机制。 相似文献
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黑龙江省东部佳木斯隆起是佳木斯地块重要组成部分,经历了多期板块碰撞闭合事件的影响,对其隆升剥露历史的热年代学研究有助于加深对东北各地块的碰撞拼贴历史以及古亚洲洋东端构造演化的认识。本文通过对黑龙江省东部佳木斯隆起老平岗花岗岩岩体中的锆石LA-ICP-MS、独居石Th-U-Pb化学法(CHIME)以及(钾长石、黑云母)~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法同位素年龄的测定,恢复了佳木斯隆起多期隆升剥露的构造热演化历史。研究结果显示佳木斯隆起晚三叠世之前主要存在三个隆升阶段,分别为早古生代早期(511~494Ma)和晚二叠世-中三叠世早期(260~240Ma)的快速隆升阶段以及期间的相对慢速隆升阶段。511~494Ma快速隆升阶段,冷却速率为11.76℃/Myr,隆升速率为0.294mm/a,17Myr隆升总幅度达5.00km,代表了佳木斯地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼贴事件;494~260Ma相对慢速隆升阶段,冷却速率为1.51℃/Myr,隆升速率为0.038mm/a,234Myr隆升总幅度仅有8.80km;260~240Ma快速隆升阶段,冷却速率平均为8.44℃/Myr,隆升速度平均为0.211mm/a,20Myr隆升幅度平均达4.22km,该事件应与佳木斯地块与华北板块在晚二叠世-中三叠世的碰撞拼接事件有关。 相似文献
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通过对福建紫金山矿田深部与成矿作用有关的主期似斑状花岗闪长岩3组锆石SHRIMP U-Pb和2组角闪石、钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年,获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238()U加权平均年龄为101.8±1.5 Ma(n=34,MSWD=1.0),代表紫金山矿田深部与成矿作用有关的主期似斑状花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄;同时获得角闪石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar冷却年龄为100±11 Ma、102.2 Ma,钾长石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar冷却年龄为96.3±1.7 Ma、98.5 Ma。依据矿物封闭温度理论,估算紫金山矿田深部与成矿作用有关的主期似斑状花岗闪长岩由锆石结晶至角闪石40Ar/39Ar体系封闭、再到钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar体系封闭的岩石冷却速率分别是40.7~67.1℃/Ma、116.9~216.3℃/Ma,显示岩石的冷却速率较大;由古地温梯度推算主期似斑状花岗闪长岩结晶(101.8±1.5 Ma)至钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar体系封闭(96.3±1.7 Ma)期间岩体隆升剥露了约3 km,暗示地壳在这一时期发生了快速隆升剥蚀作用。紫金山矿田深部似斑状花岗闪长岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄佐证了紫金山矿田深部存在一个大岩基,并约束了紫金山矿田斑岩型矿床的成矿时代,单矿物的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄为矿区的隆升剥露研究提供新资料。 相似文献
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赞皇变质窍隆黑云母^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究及其对构造热事件的约束 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
太行山南段赞皇变质杂岩中黑云母给出了1827～1793Ma的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄,代表了变质基底在经历高温热扰动后冷却到300℃时的热事件年龄。结合华北克拉通变质岩的其他年代学资料,认为1800Ma士华北克拉通内经历了一次广泛而强烈的构造热伸展事件,致使克拉通基底岩石快速抬升到中上地壳,其冷却速率>6℃/Ma,隆升速率>200m/Ma。赞皇变质杂岩内苍岩寺、岗西-榆底-黑水河东和坡底-郝庄韧性剪切带内糜棱岩中黑云母分别给出了1689Ma、1633Ma和1645Ma的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄,代表了剪切带变形的主变形时代,这一年龄也为约束长城系的底界年龄提供了新的信息。结合已有的热年代学资料,推断华北克拉通内部赞皇变质地区中元古代的冷却速率约0.4℃/Ma,隆升速率为15m/Ma。由此也表明,自中元古代以来华北克拉通内部未受到后期构造热事件的强烈扰动,赞皇变质杂岩并非中生代变质核杂岩,而是早元古代变质穹隆。 相似文献
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秦岭造山带的差异隆升特征--花岗岩40Ar/39Ar年代学研究的证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
分别出露于东、西秦岭的曹坪和沙河湾岩体、老君山和秦岭梁岩体 ,是秦岭全面碰撞后于三叠纪末 (T3 )侵入的花岗岩体 ,其冷却历史记录了秦岭陆内造山阶段的初期隆升过程。通过对角闪石、黑云母和钾长石的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄测定 ,以及对钾长石40 Ar/ 3 9Ar年龄谱进行的多重扩散域模拟计算 ,发现东、西秦岭经历了完全不同的冷却历史 :从晚三叠世末至早侏罗世 ,东、西秦岭同时由 5 0 0℃开始快速冷却 ,之后东秦岭经过一个短暂的稳定期 (约 2 0Ma)后又持续快速冷却 ,至中侏罗世末即已通过 15 0℃等温线 (约地表下 3～ 5km) ;而西秦岭在早侏罗世至晚白垩世初的近 10 0Ma中一直处于稳定平缓的状态 ,至晚白垩世中期才快速冷却至 15 0℃。这种不同的冷却历史可能反映了东、西秦岭的差异隆升过程。 相似文献
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阿尔金断裂带东端40Ar/39Ar和裂变径迹定年及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对酒西盆地北缘阿尔金构造岩中3件钾长石加40Ar/39Ar同位素和沿赤金堡到下天津卫石油河剖面花岗岩磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹定年研究,获得了断裂带内构造岩220～207Ma的钾长石40Ar/39Ar激光探针概率年龄,其中锆石裂变径迹定年也获得了233±19Ma以及192±26Ma的近似同时的年龄,代表了晚三叠世到早侏罗世快速的冷却事件,其可能与羌塘和昆仑地块的碰撞有关.锆石裂变径迹定年记录的149～135Ma年龄,也可能反映了晚侏罗世到早白垩世的冷却事件的存在,这一冷却剥露伴随而来的早白垩世的广泛沉积作用.磷灰石裂变径迹中值年龄主要介于42～28Ma,这一年龄结果和热史模拟表明晚始新世到渐新世,40～30Ma的冷却事件.研究区经历了类似于青藏高原北缘地区的冷却降温历史,其隆升和剥露演化受控于欧亚板块南部昆仑、羌塘、拉萨地体的碰撞拼合和印度碰撞后持续挤压作用. 相似文献
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Indosinian Orogenesis in the Lhasa Terrane,Tibet: New Muscovite 40Ar‐39Ar Geochronology and Evolutionary Process 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Muscovite 40Ar-39Ar dating of muscovite-quartz schist, eclogite and retrograde eclogite indicates an Indosinian orogenesis occurred at 220–240 Ma in the Lhasa terrane, which is caused by the closure of Paleo-Tethyan ocean basin and the following collision of the northern Lhasa terrane and southern Gondwana land. This Indosinian orogenesis is further confirmed by the regional sedimentary characteristics, magmatic activity and ophiolite mélange. This evidence suggests that the Indosinian orogenic belt in the Lhasa terrane is widely distributed from the Coqen county in the west, and then extends eastward through the Ningzhong and Sumdo area, finally turning around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis into the Bomi county. Based on the evolutionary process, the geological development of Lhasa terrane from early Paleozoic to early Mesozoic can be divided into seven stages. All of the seven stages make up a whole Wilson circle and reveal a perfect evolutionary process of the Paleo-Tethys ocean between the northern Lhasa terrane and southern Gondwana land. The Indosinian orogenisis is a significant event for the evolution of the Lhasa terrane as well as the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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Tethyan and Indian subduction viewed from the Himalayan high- to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The Himalayan range is one of the best documented continent-collisional belts and provides a natural laboratory for studying subduction processes. High-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure rocks with origins in a variety of protoliths occur in various settings: accretionary wedge, oceanic subduction zone, subducted continental margin and continental collisional zone. Ages and locations of these high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure rocks along the Himalayan belt allow us to evaluate the evolution of this major convergent zone.
(1) Cretaceous (80–100 Ma) blueschists and possibly amphibolites in the Indus Tsangpo Suture zone represent an accretionary wedge developed during the northward subduction of the Tethys Ocean beneath the Asian margin. Their exhumation occurred during the subduction of the Tethys prior to the collision between the Indian and Asian continents.
(2) Eclogitic rocks with unknown age are reported at one location in the Indus Tsangpo Suture zone, east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. They may represent subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.
(3) Ultrahigh-pressure rocks on both sides of the western syntaxis (Kaghan and Tso Morari massifs) formed during the early stage of subduction/exhumation of the Indian northern margin at the time of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary.
(4) Granulitized eclogites in the Lesser Himalaya Sequence in southern Tibet formed during the Paleogene underthrusting of the Indian margin beneath southern Tibet, and were exhumed in the Miocene.
These metamorphic rocks provide important constraints on the geometry and evolution of the India–Asia convergent zone during the closure of the Tethys Ocean. The timing of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in the Tso Morari massif indicates that the initial contact between the Indian and Asian continents likely occurred in the western syntaxis at 57 ± 1 Ma. West of the western syntaxis, the Higher Himalayan Crystallines were thinned. Rocks equivalent to the Lesser Himalayan Sequence are present north of the Main Central Thrust. Moreover, the pressure metamorphism in the Kaghan massif in the western part of the syntaxis took place later, 7 m.y. after the metamorphism in the eastern part, suggesting that the geometry of the initial contact between the Indian and Asian continents was not linear. The northern edge of the Indian continent in the western part was 300 to 350 km farther south than the area east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. Such “en baionnette” geometry is probably produced by north-trending transform faults that initially formed during the Late Paleozoic to Cretaceous Gondwana rifting. Farther east in the southern Tibet, the collision occurred before 50.6 ± 0.2 Ma. Finally, high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure rocks in the western Himalaya formed and exhumed in steep subduction compared to what is now shown in tomographic images and seismologic data. 相似文献
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东喜马拉雅构造结岩体冷却的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对采自东喜马拉雅构造结核心地段雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区的13件标本中的20件矿物样品进行了系统的常规^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究。数据显示,样品的（^40Ar／^39Ar）i值均接近尼尔值（295．5±5）,且绝大部分样品的坪年龄与其反等时线年龄在误差范围内一致。从数据统计结果来看,所测样品的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄大都集中在1．3Ma和2．5Ma左右,表明南迦巴瓦地区在上新世中期和更新世早期均经历了快速冷却抬升事件。本次测试的样品采自不同的高程及不同的构造单元,且样品原岩的成因及岩性各异,但沿着大峡谷由北向南不同地段的样品的不同矿物（角闪石、黑云母、白云母、钾长石）的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄相近,而同一样品中不同矿物的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄大小又并非完全按照矿物对氩同位素体系的封闭温度高低来分布,表明该地区在上新世以来的岩体冷却速率很大,以致该地区的矿物对氩同位素体系的封闭过程与处于缓慢冷却环境中的封闭过程明显不同。以本文报道的数据估算,南迦巴瓦地区的岩体在最近3Ma以来的冷却速率达120～240℃／Ma,岩体抬升速率达3．4—6．9mm／a。 相似文献
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High‐grade gneisses (amphibolite–granulite facies) of the Namche Barwa and Gyala Peri massifs, in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, have been unroofed from metamorphic depths in the late Tertiary–Recent. Rapid exhumation (2–5 mm year?1) has resulted in a pronounced shallow conductive thermal anomaly beneath the massifs and the intervening Tsangpo gorge. The position of the 300 °C isotherm has been estimated from fluid inclusions using CO2–H2O immiscibility phase equilibria to be between 2.5 and 6.2 km depth below surface. Hence, the near‐surface average thermal gradient exceeds 50 °C km?1 beneath valleys, although the thermal gradient is relatively lower beneath the high mountains. The original metamorphic fluid in the gneisses was >90% CO2. This fluid was displaced by incursion of brines from overlying marine sedimentary rocks that have since been largely removed by erosion. Brines can exceed 60 wt% dissolved salts, and include Ca, Na, K and Fe chlorides. These brines were remobilized during the earliest stages of uplift at >500 °C. During exhumation, incursion of abundant topography‐driven surface waters resulted in widespread fracture‐controlled hydrothermal activity and brine dilution down to the brittle–ductile transition. Boiling water was particularly common at shallow levels (<2.5 km) beneath the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, and numerous hot springs occur at the surface in this valley. Dry steam is not a major feature of the hydrothermal system in the eastern syntaxis (in contrast to the western syntaxis at Nanga Parbat), but some dry steam fluids may have developed locally. 相似文献
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Z. M. ZHANG G. C. ZHAO M. SANTOSH J. L. WANG X. DONG J. G. LIOU 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(7):719-733
The eastern Himalayan syntaxis in southeastern Tibet consists of the Lhasa terrane, High Himalayan rocks and Indus‐Tsangpo suture zone. The Lhasa terrane constitutes the hangingwall of a subduction zone, whereas the High Himalayan rocks represent the subducted Indian continent. Our petrological and geochronological data reveal that the Lhasa terrane has undergone two stages of medium‐P metamorphism: an early granulite facies event at c. 90 Ma and a late amphibolite facies event at 36–33 Ma. However, the High Himalayan rocks experienced only a single high‐P granulite facies metamorphic event at 37–32 Ma. It is inferred that the Late Cretaceous (c. 90 Ma) medium‐P metamorphism of the southern Lhasa terrane resulted from a northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethyan ocean, and that the Oligocene (37–32 Ma) high‐P (1.8–1.4 GPa) rocks of the High Himalayan and coeval medium‐P (0.8–1.1 GPa) rocks of the Lhasa terrane represent paired metamorphic belts that resulted from the northward subduction of the Indian continent beneath Asia. Our results provide robust constraints on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of south Tibet. 相似文献
16.
Micha Schlup Albrecht Steck Andrew Carter Michael Cosca Jean-Luc Epard Johannes Hunziker 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(1):334-350
New fission track and Ar/Ar geochronological data provide time constraints on the exhumation history of the Himalayan nappes in the Mandi (Beas valley) – Tso Morari transect of the NW Indian Himalaya. Results from this and previous studies suggest that the SW-directed North Himalayan nappes were emplaced by detachment from the underthrusted upper Indian crust by 55 Ma and metamorphosed by ca. 48–40 Ma. The nappe stack was subsequently exhumed to shallow upper crustal depths (<10 km) by 40–30 Ma in the Tso Morari dome (northern section of the transect) and by 30–20 Ma close to frontal thrusts in the Baralacha La region. From the Oligocene to the present, exhumation continued slowly.Metamorphism started in the High Himalayan nappe prior to the Late Oligocene.High temperatures and anatexis of the subducting upper Indian crust engendered the buoyancy-driven ductile detachment and extrusion of the High Himalayan nappe in the zone of continental collision. Late extrusion of the High Himalayan nappe started about 26 Ma ago, accompanied by ductile extensional shearing in the Zanskar shear zone in its roof between 22 and 19 Ma concomitant with thrusting along the basal Main Central Thrust to the south. The northern part of the nappe was then rapidly exhumed to shallow depth (<10 km) between 20 and 6 Ma, while its southern front reached this depth at 10–5 Ma. 相似文献
17.
Growth of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis and associated evolution of the Tsangpo Gorge: Constraints from structural and thermochronological data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, Namche Barwa, is dominated by a north-plunging antiform which began to decompress/grow at approximately 4 Ma. New fission-track analyses on both apatite and zircon, combined with previous geochronological ages, indicate that the Namche Barwa Dome also extended laterally while growing vertically. Zircon fission-track ages range from 17.6 to 0.2 Ma and have a strong relationship to the main faults of the region, including the Tertiary Tsangpo Suture, with the younger ages inside the fault bounds towards the syntaxis core on the Indian Plate and the older ages away from the fault. Apatite ages reveal that the dome has grown laterally and now impinges over the older faulted margin onto the Asian Plate. The dome is traversed by the Tsangpo which has followed the trace of the Suture for over 1300 km from its source to the entrance of the dome near Dania. As the Tsangpo crosses the dome it departs from the Suture but rejoins it some 60 km northeastwards. We construe that the Suture has been displaced by the growing antiform and as a consequence, the antecedent river has been “dragged” in a left-lateral sense along the exhuming north-plunging dome. Restoring the Suture to its position prior to 4 Ma reveals a path of the Tsangpo eastwards across the present southwestern position of the Namche Barwa indentation. This geometric reconstrunction implies that the Tsangpo and the Brahmaputra were always one and the same river. In addition, the Tsangpo was tectonically forced into juxtaposition with a tributary of the Jiali-Parlung which it probably then captured. The capture was due to tectonic forcing, in the last 4 Ma, rather than headward retreat of the paleo-Brahmaputra as has been previously suggested. 相似文献
18.
Cenozoic conglomerates are exposed discontinuously along the length of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone on the southern margin of the Gangdese arc. These conglomerates (the “Gangdese Conglomerates” herein) record a crucial stage in the uplift and erosion histories of the southern Tibet after the initial India–Asia collision. In the Mt. Kailas area, the Gangdese Conglomerates strata consist of multiple sedimentary cycles and each cycle is a fining-upward sequence that was deposited by alluvial fan, braided-river and delta systems. Whereas in the Xigaze area, the Gangdese Conglomerates strata comprise a coarsening-upward sequence that was deposited by delta, braided-river and alluvial fan systems. Based on the detrital and igneous zircon U–Pb ages, the depositional ages of the Gangdese Conglomerates are late Oligocene to early Pliocene (ca. 26–5 Ma) in the Mt. Kailas area, late Oligocene to middle Miocene (ca. 26–15 Ma) in the Xigaze area, and late Oligocene to early Miocene (ca. 26–19 Ma) in the Zedong area. Paleocurrent measurements and provenance data (i.e., conglomerate clast composition, sandstone petrology and detrital zircon age) indicate that the initial detritus of the Gangdese Conglomerates were entirely derived from the north (mainly from the Gangdese arc). Sediment resulting from denudation to the south (the Xigaze forearc basin, the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone and the northern margin of the Indian plate) first appeared by the early Miocene (ca. 19 Ma) and subsequently increased in abundance gradually. Our new results, together with previous data from the Xigaze area, reveal 3 major stages in the evolution of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: (1) the southward-flowing stage (ca. 26–19 Ma) featured southward-draining transverse rivers that transported materials from the Gangdese arc southward. Southward paleocurrents in the Gangdese Conglomerates indicate a northern source. (2) The westward-flowing stage (ca. 19–15 Ma) developed due to the uplift of the suture zone and Tethys Himalaya to the south. Northward-draining rivers began to develop, and lakes resembling a string of beads formed and finally connected together, initiating the westward-flowing paleo-Yarlung Tsangpo River. Westward paleoflows were recorded in the Gangdese Conglomerates. (3) The eastward-flowing stage (ca. 15 Ma–present) resulted from differential uplift and denudation of the southern Tibet, which reversed the direction of the young Yarlung Tsangpo River by ca. 15 Ma. The deposition of the Gangdese Conglomerates was controlled by eastward paleoflows. At this point, the modern eastward-flowing Yarlung Tsangpo River system was established. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2001,19(1-2):85-95
40Ar/39Ar data from a profile across the Main Central Thrust in the eastern Bhutan Himalaya indicate muscovite cooling ages of 14.1±0.2 Ma from a sample in the immediate hanging wall of the thrust and 11.2 Ma from about 400 m structurally higher in the hanging wall. These two ages are repeated by two samples from 2.1 and 4.7 km vertical distance from the thrust within the hanging wall, respectively. A single apatite fission track age from the immediate hanging wall of the thrust gives an age of 3.1±0.6 Ma. Pressure–temperature estimates give temperatures around 650°C and 6.5 kbar for the highest sample collected. Samples closer to the Main Central Thrust give also temperatures between 600 and 650°C at the same pressure, indicating possibly a slight temperature decrease with proximity to the thrust. However, uncertainties are large and the parageneses are thermodynamically too highly variant to place much significance on their interpretation.The 40Ar/39Ar cooling age data are consistent with a repetition of the sequence in the hanging wall of the thrust. They confirm the data of Davidson et al. (1997; Metamorphic reactions related to decompression and synkinematic intrusion of leucogranite, High Himalayan Crystallines, Bhutan. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, 593–612) and are consistent with a more rapid exhumation of deeper levels towards the centre of the High Himalayan Crystalline Complex. Despite the large uncertainties, the PT data shown here are also consistent with this interpretation. The apatite fission track results reveal low-temperature cooling and final exhumation of the Main Central Thrust at the same time as in Nepal. 相似文献