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矿物包裹体成分物理化学参数的计算程序 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文试根据地球化学热力学原理,利用包裹体成分测试数据和有关热力学参数,采用PASCAL语言,编制成通用微机处理程序——矿物包裹体成分物理化学参数的计算程序. 相似文献
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流体包裹体地质作用的研究对于了解岩石的形成条件、构造演化及动力学过程具有重要意义。近年来 ,流体地质作用已成为地学界的重要前沿研究领域之一。随着研究手段的不断更新 ,流体包裹体及地质流体的研究无论在广度还是在深度上均取得了一系列重要成果。对大多数流体包裹体(>3μm)来说 ,显微热力学测温和激光拉曼光谱仍是获得单个流体包裹体成分可行的选择。但迄今为止 ,对小于 1μm ,特别是纳米级流体包裹体的研究较少 ,主要原因是受测试仪器和研究方法的限制。透射电子显微镜 (TEM )由于其仪器性能的优势 (分辨率为 0 .2nm ,放大倍数为… 相似文献
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近二十年来,矿物包裹体的研究发展很快,理论上取得了新的进展,研究方法上不断革新,数据应用范围也日益扩大.目前,包裹体研究已可为地质研究提供成矿热液(或熔融体)的温度、压力、盐度、密度、初熔温度、气相和液相成分、稳定同位素组成、不混溶特征、成矿年龄、爆裂活度、pH和Eh值等十多种参数,并广泛应用于地质找矿、理论研究等方面. 包裹体理论的进展一、不混溶包裹体的研究自1958年索尔比等人确定了包裹体研究的三条基本假定以来,地质界一直认为包裹体仅是从均匀体系中圈闭的.但是,最近研究表明,它也可以从不均匀体系中圈闭出来. 相似文献
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以白鹤岭铁路隧道岩体边坡为例,在垂直边坡面的4条剖面上采集了不同变形和破坏状态岩石中的16个定向样品,测定了流体包裹体迹面(Fluid Inclusion Plane 简称为 FIP)特征参数(包括 FIP 的长度、形态、连通性、闭合性、粗糙度、交叉性质等参数)与包裹体热动力学参数(包括 FIP 中包裹体的均一温度、均一压力、包裹体流体密度、流体包裹体成分和氧逸度等参数)。同时,将样品中裂隙分布的分形维数作为描述岩石变形破坏状态的定量指标,采用反馈式逐步回归方法分析这些分形维数与所选7个 FIP 参数的定量关系。分析表明,影响岩体变形和破裂的主要微观参数包括两个 FIP 特征参数(即粗糙度系数和分布密度)和两个包裹体热力学参数(即水溶液包裹体均一温度和 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体均一温度)。由于岩体的变形和(或)破坏不仅可使 FIP 中包裹体成分泄漏、也会使 FIP 迹面特征参数和包裹体热动力学参数发生改变,因此,岩体边坡中流体包裹体参数的逐步回归分析结果对进一步研究岩体变形破坏过程与边坡稳定性将具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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在自然界广泛分布着烃-烃不混溶体系中捕获的流体包裹体,由于这些包裹体具有复杂的组成和相态,因此不混溶包裹体组合的判别和热力学参数的计算常常难以进行。根据烃-烃不混溶体系中两个端员组分流体包裹体室温下的相态特征和在温度-压力平面图上等容线交点显示的位置,划分成三种类型流体包裹体组合,本介绍了三种类型流体包裹体组合特征,叙述了不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定和判别方法,并且阐述均一化包裹体相态方程和气-液平衡常数原理和方法与此同时列举了自然界简单的三种类型不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定、判别和计算的几个实例,利用相态方程和气-液平衡常数,不但精确地计算出包裹体均一压力,并且精确地计算出流体密度和体积等热力学参数。最后,利用均一成气相和液相的两种包裹体在 p-T 平面图上等容线交点同样计算出流体包裹体组合的捕获温度和压力。 相似文献
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多年来包裹体的研究受到两个方面的限制:1.作为包裹体研究的理论基础的盐—水和混 合气体的热力学相图资料并不丰富,包裹体研究的假设(恒容、封闭、均匀体系)并非无懈可击。2.可供包裹体研究的显微超微量分析的仪器和超微量化学分析方法并不完善。80年代流体包裹体界的研究人员针对这些问题作了各种尝试,其中最引人注目的有四点:1.合成流体包裹体的研究,不仅为包裹体研究提供了标准样,而且可作为研究热力学相图及高温高压下流体性质的工具。2.包裹体形成后的过热拉张、溶解—沉淀与再平衡的研究,为检验包裹体研究的假设以及解释变质岩、沉积岩中的包裹体研究结果提供了实验依据。3.各种盐—水体系、混合气体热力学相图的应用,使冷热台上包裹体的研究更加深入。4.各种显微、超微量分析仪器和超微量分析方法在包裹体研究中的运用获得了成分和同位素方面的信息。本文侧重介绍80年代国外流体包裹体界在理论方面的某些新进展,供读者参考。 相似文献
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烃类包裹体成分和热力学行为非常复杂,准确恢复捕获条件一直是一个难点。以往的研究一般用盐水包裹体的均一温度来代替捕获温度,但是均一温度和捕获温度之间有误差,用均一温度代替捕获温度不够准确,因此需要校正。笔者对烃类和同期盐水包裹体的均一温度先校正后模拟,减少了烃类包裹体热力学模拟误差;通过对储层流体包裹体进行显微荧光、显微测温、显微共聚焦激光扫描、显微傅里叶变换红外光谱等实验分析,得到流体包裹体均一温度(90~170 ℃)、盐度(0.71%~11.1%)、气液比(7%~9%)、CH4的摩尔分数(20%~25%)和CH2/CH3(4~8)等参数;结合盐水包裹体均一温度校正曲线,利用FIT-Oil软件进行PIT(烃类包裹体热力学)模拟,恢复储层包裹体的捕获压力和捕获温度,提高了包裹体捕获条件获得的精度。为了验证此方法的准确性,以人工合成包裹体作为标准样品,获得盐水包裹体均一温度与捕获温度关系校正曲线,参数校正后利用软件计算出的捕获温压与实验设定的温压条件吻合良好。以东营凹陷丰深10井沙四下亚段储层包裹体为实例,进行了古温压和成藏期的估算,与前人通过其他方法得出的结论一致,证实了捕获条件获得的准确性。 相似文献
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矿物中的气液包裹体(以下简称包裹体)是保存至今的成矿流体的样品.对于它的研究可以获得成矿流体的各种物理化学参数(温度、压力及成分),从而解决其来源及演化、矿床成因、成矿过程等重要课题.包裹体的研究结果还有助于地球化学找矿及某些机理问题的解决.研究包裹体的方法有多种,但所得到的数据可归为两类:一是温度和压力,二是成分.前者在国内已普遍开展,无论在方法原理、仪器装置、数据的解释与应用等各方面都已取得一定成绩;但是在包裹体成分研究方面与国外相比差距较大.本文着重介绍我们近两年开展这项工作的初浅认识和体会. 相似文献
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Abstract Fluid evolution paths in the COHN system can be calculated for metamorphic rocks if there are relevant data regarding the mineral assemblages present, and regarding the oxidation and nitrodation states throughout the entire P-T loop. The compositions of fluid inclusions observed in granulitic rocks from Rogaland (south-west Norway) are compared with theoretical fluid compositions and molar volumes. The fluid parameters are calculated using a P-T path based on mineral assemblages, which are represented by rocks within the pigeonite-in isograd and by rocks near the orthopyroxene-in isograd surrounding an intrusive anorthosite massif. The oxygen and nitrogen fugacities are assumed to be buffered by the coexisting Fe-Ti oxides and Cr-carlsbergite, respectively. Many features of the natural fluid inclusions, including (1) the occurrence of CO2-N2-rich graphite-absent fluid inclusions near peak M2 metamorphic conditions (927° C and 400 MPa), (2) the non-existence of intermediate ternary CO2-CH4-N2 compositions and (3) the low-molar-volume CO2-rich fluid inclusions (36–42 cm3 mol?1), are reproduced in the calculated fluid system. The observed CO2-CH4-rich inclusions with minor N2 (5 mol%) should also include a large proportion of H2O according to the calculations. The absence of H2O from these natural high-molar-volume CO2-CH4-rich inclusions and the occurrence of natural CH4-N2-rich inclusions are both assumed to result from preferential leakage of H2O. This has been previously experimentally demonstrated for H2O-CO2-rich fluid inclusions, and has also been theoretically predicted. Fluid-deficient conditions may explain the relatively high molar volumes, but cannot be used to explain the occurrence of CH4-N2-rich inclusions and the absence of H2O. 相似文献
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Sheng Jifu Zhang Dequan Li YanInstitute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Jiang M inxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(3):289-302
Physicochemical parameters of mineralization such as temperature, pressure, salinity, density, composition and boiling of ore fluids as well as pH, Eh, fo2 and reducing parameter in theprocess of mineralization of major ore deposits in the study district have been obtained by the authors through systematic observation and determination of characteristics and phase changes of fluid inclusions at different temperatures and analysis of gaseous and liquid phase compositions of the inclusions, thus providing a scientific basis for the division of mineralization-alteration stages, types of mineral deposits and minerogenetic series and the deepening of the knowledge about the ore-forming processes and mechanisms of mineral deposits. It is indicated that the deposits of the same type have similar fluid inclusion geochemical features and physicochemical parameters though they belong to different minerogenetic series, while the compositions of inclusions are not conditioned by deposit types but closely related to 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1443-1463
Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz veins in high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project main drillhole have low, varied hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD?=??97‰ to??69‰). Quartz δ18O values range from??2.5‰ to 9.6‰; fluid inclusions hosted in quartz have correspondingly low δ18O values of??11.66‰ to 0.93‰ (T h?=?171.2～318.8°C). The low δD and δ18O isotopic data indicate that protoliths of some CCSD HP-UHP metamorphic rocks reacted with meteoric water at high latitude near the surface before being subducted to great depth. In addition, the δ18O of the quartz veins and fluid inclusions vary greatly with the drillhole depth. Lower δ18O values occur at depths of ～900–1000 m and ～2700 m, whereas higher values characterize rocks at depths of about 1770 m and 4000 m, correlating roughly with those of wall-rock minerals. Given that the peak metamorphic temperature of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks was about 800°C or higher, much higher than the closure temperature of oxygen isotopes in quartz under wet conditions, such synchronous variations can be explained by re-equilibration. In contrast, δD values of fluid inclusions show a different relationship with depth. This is probably because oxygen is a major element of both fluids and silicates and is much more abundant in the quartz veins and silicate minerals than is hydrogen. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid inclusions is evidently more susceptible to late-stage re-equilibration with silicate minerals than is the hydrogen isotope composition. Therefore, different δD and δ18O patterns imply that dramatic fluid migration occurred, whereas the co-variation of oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions, quartz veins, and wall-rock minerals can be better interpreted by re-equilibration during exhumation. Quartz veins in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic terrane are the product of high-Si fluids. Given that channelized fluid migration is much faster than pervasive flow, and that the veins formed through precipitation of quartz from high-Si fluids, the abundant veins indicate significant fluid mobilization and migration within this subducted continental slab. Many mineral reactions can produce high-Si fluids. For UHP metamorphic rocks, major dehydration during subduction occurred when pressure–temperature conditions exceeded the stability of lawsonite. In contrast, for low-temperature eclogites and other HP metamorphic rocks with peak metamorphic P–T conditions within the stability field of lawsonite, dehydration and associated high-Si fluid release may have occurred as hydrous minerals were destabilized at lower pressure during exhumation. Because subduction is a continuous process whereas only a minor fraction of the subducted slabs returns to the surface, dehydration during underflow is more prevalent than exhumation even in subducted continental crust, which is considerably drier than altered oceanic crust. 相似文献
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粤北诸广南部铀矿田流体包裹体的氦氩同位素组成及成矿流体来源示踪 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
粤北诸广南部铀矿田是我国重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地之一,有关诸广南部花岗岩型铀矿田的成因,多年来一直存在较大的争议。本文以诸广南部铀矿田典型铀矿床成矿期萤石、方解石和黄铁矿中流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He、Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,萤石流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值为0. 021～0. 186Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为298. 4～2515. 7;方解石流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 027～0. 209Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为295. 9～327. 2;黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 021～1. 543Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为326. 9～1735. 1; He-Ar同位素系统显示成矿流体的3He/4He比值略高于地壳氦同位素特征值(0. 01～0. 05Ra),但低于幔源氦同位素特征值(6～9Ra),~(40) Ar/~(36)比值接近或高于大气氩的同位素组成(~(40) Ar/~(36)=295. 5),成矿流体为壳-幔混合来源。结合H-O、He-Ar、C和Sr等多元同位素证据表明,成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含有一定放射性成因Ar的大气降水的地壳流体,二是含幔源He的地幔流体。进一步研究表明,受NNW向断裂控制的棉花坑、书楼丘、长排等铀矿床受地幔流体影响比较大,而受NE向断裂控制的蕉坪、东坑、烟筒岭铀矿床受大气降水影响比较大。 相似文献
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The Jinwozi lode gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan Mountains of China includes auriferous quartz veins and network quartz veins that are exemplified by the Veins 3 and 210, respectively. This paper presents H‐, O‐isotope compositions and gas compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz, and S‐, Pb‐isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are pseudo‐secondary and primary. They were trapped from the fluids during the successive or alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfides. H‐ and O‐isotope compositions of fluid inclusion of three pyrite and one quartz separates from Vein 210 plot within the field of degassed melt, which is evidence for the incorporation of magmatic fluid as well with some possibility of contribution of metamorphic water to the hydrothermal system since the two datasets show a higher oxygen isotopic ratio than those of degassed melt. However, δD and δ18O values of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz from Vein 3 are distinctly lower than those from Vein 210. In addition, salinities of fluid inclusion from Vein 3, approximately 3 to 6 wt% NaCl equivalent, are considerably lower than those from Vein 210, which are approximately 8 to 14 wt% NaCl equivalent. Ore‐forming fluids of Veins 3 and 210 have migrated through the relatively high and low levels in the imbricate‐thrust column where rock deformation is characterized by dilatancy or ductile–brittle transition, respectively. Therefore, the ore‐forming fluid of Vein 3 is interpreted to have mixed with greater amounts of meteoric‐derived groundwater than that of Vein 210. Fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides contain considerably higher abundances of gaseous species of CO2, N2, H2S, and so on, than those hosted in quartz. Many of these gaseous species exhibit linear correlations with H2O. These linear trends are interpreted in terms of mixing between magmatic fluid and groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides, coupled with the banded ore structure, suggests that the magmatic fluid was involved with the ore‐forming fluid in pulsation. Lead isotope compositions of 21 pyrite and galena separates form a linear trend, suggesting mixing of metallic materials from diverse reservoirs. The δ34S values of pyrite and galena range from +5.6‰ to +7.9‰ and from +3.1‰ to +6.3‰, respectively, indicating sulfur of the Jinwozi deposit has been leached mainly from the granodiorite and partly from the Jinwozi Formation by the circulating ore‐forming fluid. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):422-455
Quartz from sandstone‐type uranium deposits in the east part of the Ordos Basin contains abundant secondary fluid inclusions hosted along sealed fractures or in overgrowths. These inclusions consist mainly of water with NaCl, KCl, CO2 (135–913 ppm) and trace amounts of CO (0.22–16.8 ppm), CH4 (0.10–1.38 ppm) and [SO4]2? (0.35–111 ppm). Homogenization temperatures of the studied fluid inclusions range from 90 to 210°C, with salinities varying from 0.35 to 12.6 wt‐% (converted to NaCl wt%), implying multiple stages of thermal alteration. Although high U is associated with a high homogenization temperature in one case, overall U mineralization is not correlated with homogenization temperature nor with salinity. The H and O isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions show typical characteristics of formation water, with δ18O ranging from 9.8 to 12.3‰ and δD from 26.9 to ?48.6‰, indicating that these fluid inclusions are mixtures of magmatic and meteoric waters. The oxygen isotope ratios of carbonates in cement are systematically higher than those of the fluid inclusions. Limited fluid inclusion‐cement pairs show that the oxygen closely approaches equilibrium between water and aragonite at 150°C. Highly varied and overall negative δ13C in calcite from cement implies different degrees of biogenetic carbon involvement. Correlations between U in bulk rocks and trace components in fluid inclusions are lacking; however, high U contents are typically coupled with high [SO4]2?, implying pre‐enrichment of oxidized materials in the U mineralization layer. All these relationships can be plausibly interpreted to indicate that U (IV), [SO4]2? as well as Na, K were washed out from the overlying thick sandstone by oxidizing meteoric water, and then were reduced by reducing agents, such as CH4 and petroleum, likely from underlying coal and petroleum deposits, and possibly also in situ microbes at low temperatures. 相似文献
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V. HURAI W. PROCHASKA O. LEXA K. SCHULMANN R. THOMAS P. IVAN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2008,26(4):487-498
Contrasting compositions and densities of fluid inclusions were revealed in siderite–barite intergrowths of the Dro?diak polymetallic vein hosted in Variscan basement of the Gemeric unit (Central European Carpathians). Primary two‐phase aqueous inclusions in siderite homogenized between 101 and 165 °C, total salinity ranged between 18 and 27 wt%, and CaCl2/(NaCl + CaCl2) weight ratios were fixed at 0.1–0.3. By contrast, mono‐ and two‐phase aqueous inclusions in barite exhibited total salinities between 2 and 22 wt%, and the CaCl2/NaCl ratios ranged from NaCl‐ to CaCl2‐dominated compositions. The aqueous inclusions in barite were closely associated with very high‐density (0.55–0.745 g cm?3) nitrogen inclusions, in some cases containing up to 16 mol.% CO2. Crystallization P–T conditions of siderite (175–210 °C, 1.2–1.7 kbar) constrained by the vertical oxygen isotope gradient along the studied vein, isochores of fluid inclusions and the K/Na exchange thermometer corresponded to minimal palaeodepths between 4.3 and 6.3 km, assuming lithostatic load and average crust density of 2.75 g cm?3. Maximum fluid pressure during barite crystallization attained 3.6–4.4 kbar at 200–300 °C, and the most dense nitrogen inclusions maintained without decrepitation the residual internal pressure of 2.2 kbar at 25 °C. Contrasting fluid compositions, increasing depths of burial (～4–14 km) and decreasing thermal gradients (～40–15 °C km?1) during initial mineralization stages of the Dro?diak vein reflect Alpine orogenic processes, rather than an incipient Permian rifting suggested in previous metallogenetic models. Siderite crystallized at rising P–T in a closed, rock‐buffered hydrothermal system developed in the Variscan basement during the north‐vergent Cretaceous thrusting and thickening of the Gemeric crustal wedge. Variable salinities of the barite‐hosted inclusions reflect a fluid mixing in open hydrothermal system, and re‐equilibration textures (lengths of decrepitation cracks proportional to fluid inclusion sizes) correspond to retrograde crystallization trajectory coincidental with transpression or unroofing. Maximum recorded fluid pressures indicate ～12‐km‐thick pile of imbricated nappe units accumulated over the Gemeric basement during the Cretaceous collision. 相似文献
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The Naozhi Au–Cu deposit is located on the continental margin of Northeast China, forming part of the West Pacific porphyry–epithermal gold–copper metallogenic belt. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the compositions, homogenization temperatures, and salinity of fluid inclusions as well as their noble gas isotopic and Pb isotopic compositions from the deposit. These new data show that (1) five types of fluid inclusions were identified as pure gas inclusions (V-type), pure liquid inclusions (L-type), gas–liquid two-phase inclusions (W-type, as the main fluid inclusions (FIs)), CO2-bearing inclusions (C-type), and daughter-mineral-bearing polyphase inclusions (S-type); (2) W-type FIs in quartz crystals of early, main, and late stage are homogenized at temperatures of 324.7–406.7, 230–338.8, and 154.6–308 °C, with salinities of 2.40–7.01 wt% NaCleq, 1.73–9.47 wt% NaCleq, and 6.29 wt% NaCleq, respectively. S-type FIs in quartz crystals of early stage are homogenized at temperatures of 328.6–400 °C, with salinities of 39.96–46.00 wt% NaCleq; (3) Raman analysis results reveal that the vapor compositions of early ore-forming fluids consisted of CO2 and H2O, with H2O gradually increasing and CO2 being absent at the late mineralization stage; (4) fluid inclusions in pyrite and chalcopyrite have 3He/4He ratios of 0.03–0.104 Ra, 20Ne/22Ne ratios of 9.817–9.960, and 40Ar/36Ar ratios of 324–349. These results indicate that the percentage of radiogenic 40Ar* in fluid inclusions varies from 8.8 to 15.5 %, containing 84.5–91.2 % atmospheric 40Ar; (5) the 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of sulfides are 18.1822–18.3979, 15.5215–15.5998, and 38.1313–38.3786, respectively. These data combined with stable isotope data and the chronology of diagenesis and metallogenesis enable us suppose that the ore-forming fluids originated from the melting of the lower crust, caused by the subduction of an oceanic slab, whereas the mineralized fluids were exsolved from the late crystallization stage and subsequently contaminated by crustal materials/fluids during ascent, including meteoric water, and the mineral precipitation occurred at a shallow crustal level.
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