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1.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积期后变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存了可能是全球最早的后生动物化石 (瓮安动物群 ),对于瓮安动物群出现过程中的古海洋环境重建具有重要科学意义。但必须对成岩后生作用对磷块岩中的稀土元素改造进行评估。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的磷质碎屑、磷质和白云质胶结物、磷条带和泥条带等的稀土元素地球化学特征研究,确定沉积期后变化对稀土元素的改造影响不大。上矿层磷块岩沉积期形成的磷质碎屑、成岩期形成的白云质和磷质胶结物具相同的稀土元素配分模式,暗示了沉积期后的改造作用对瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存的原生沉积信息影响不大。瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩具有显著的重稀土亏损特征。磷块岩的磷质和白云质胶结物、伴生磷质碎屑、强风化磷块岩相近的ErN/LuN 比值,表明沉积期后的改造作用不是重稀土元素亏损的主要原因。磷块岩的ErN/LuN、LaN/NdN 与Ce/Ce 间的相关性,表明越氧化的沉积环境中,轻和重稀土元素亏损越强。 相似文献
2.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩为碳酸盐岩型含磷岩系,属于浅海碳酸盐岩台地沉积区。对瓮安磷矿大塘剖面进行沉积环境研究,将Marinoan冰期后沉积的陡山沱组地层分为6个向上变浅的沉积序列。瓮安含磷岩系大部分为多旋回的叠置体,其常见的交错层理、波状层理、透镜状层理等表明了磷块岩形成于水体较浅的高能环境。南沱冰期后,陡山沱期剧烈的海侵作用引发上升洋流,携带富磷海水涌入浅水区,在海平面间歇性波动的条件下,为磷块岩的形成提供了物源与动力条件。 相似文献
3.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积古环境 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
晚元古代末的陡山沱期(550-600Ma)是地球历史生物、化学和气候变化的剧烈时期。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷矿的稀土元素研究，确定上矿层磷块岩的北美页岩标准化稀土模式具负Ce异常、轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集特征。下矿层磷块岩稀土模式为轻微负Ce异常、轻微的轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集。下矿层磷块岩的Ceanom值为-0．065～-0．077，上矿层磷块岩的Ceanom为-0．26～-0．291，表明瓮安磷矿沉积古环境从下矿层的还原条件转变为上矿层的氧化条件。这种南沱冰期之后的环境变化可能为瓮安动物群的大爆发提供了必要的条件。 相似文献
4.
新元古代末期历经“雪球地球”和大气、海洋增氧事件后,发生了全球性成磷事件,贵州省震旦系陡山沱组大规模磷矿床沉积是本次成磷事件的典型代表。然而现阶段对贵州陡山沱组磷块岩成磷作用机制研究存在诸多争议,成磷事件与同期古海洋环境转变之间的关联研究也较为薄弱。作者以贵州省瓮安、遵义和丹寨地区陡山沱组原生磷块岩为研究对象开展的沉积学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明: 陡山沱早期成磷作用被限制在浅水海岸,瓮安地区A矿层球粒磷块岩中大量的含铁自生矿物黄铁矿、海绿石以及无Ce负异常指示的贫氧沉积水体环境均表明,Fe-氧化还原泵成磷模式在富磷过程中发挥了重要作用;陡山沱晚期磷块岩分布扩散至较深水陆棚—斜坡沉积相区,磷块岩与富有机质岩层共生,矿物晶体形态特征与矿石内富含的大量生物化石均表明,有机质沉降聚磷作用和生物成磷作用促使磷块岩大量沉积,较明显的Ce负异常值也指示了海水氧气含量的提升。成磷作用模式的转变和磷块岩分布的扩展是对海洋增氧事件的沉积响应,同时造成的多细胞动物演化也影响了深部水体的氧化还原状态,进而反映了贵州省陡山沱组磷块岩大规模沉积与新元古代末期氧化事件(NOE)密切的耦合关系。 相似文献
5.
贵州瓮安新元古界陡山沱组磷块岩中发现的瓮安生物群主要包括多细胞藻类、蓝菌、疑源类、后生动物休眠卵及胚胎、管状后生动物和两侧对称的后生动物等化石类型。对瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的有机地球化学分析表明,烃类有机组分包括正构烷烃、萜类、甾类和类异戊二烯烃。正构烷烃主峰为C21,碳数分布范围宽;OEP值为1．03,接近1。Pr／Ph比值为0．95,植烷略显优势。规则甾烷呈不对称的“V”字形分布,表现为C27〉C29〉C28的分布特征。C27占优势可能是由大量的带刺疑源类昕致。生物标志物特征指示瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机物来源于藻类和细菌,显示还原性、较高盐度的成磷沉积环境。 相似文献
6.
新元古代陡山沱期是扬子地台重要的成磷期,鄂西白果园磷块岩就形成于当时海侵不断扩大的过程中。白果园陡山沱组位于黄陵背斜西北部,磷矿赋存于陡山沱组下部。对白果园剖面进行层序地层学研究,将南沱冰期后沉积的陡山沱组和灯影组划为一个二级层序。含有磷块岩的陡山沱组,代表了南沱冰期后强烈的海侵活动的特点,将其划分为六个三级层序,磷块岩形成于第一个三级层序内。在层序1的海侵体系域上部与高位体系域下部所反映的潮下带,砂屑磷块岩品位很高。冰期时的物理风化和陡山沱期化学风化作用将地表含磷物输入海洋,海侵引发的上升洋流携带富磷海水涌入浅水区,为磷块岩在层序1内的形成提供了物源与动力条件。初次海侵对磷矿形成十分有利,高品位的含磷层对应于最大海侵阶段。采用地球化学方法对含磷岩系进一步研究后表明,生物有机质对白果园磷块岩的形成有重要作用。大冰期过后陡山沱期新的古海洋生态系统开始构建,使生物生产率迅速恢复,为生物有机质的成矿作用提供了机遇。其有机碳含量介于盆地型磷块岩与台地型磷块岩之间,显示了泥页岩—碳酸盐岩型含磷岩系Corg含量的“过渡性”特点。由于其含磷岩系形成的环境为半局限性滞留洼地,白果园磷块岩是弱还原—弱氧化环境的沉积产物。与邻区贵州瓮安的台地型磷块岩进行对比,台地型磷块岩由于更为氧化的环境而具有低Corg和高P2O5特点。通过与早寒武世云南昆阳磷矿的对比,发现能量较高并具有丰富藻类的潮下带为磷块岩形成的优势区带,但白果园不具备昆阳磷矿的藻滩成磷环境。所以,白果园磷块岩的形成是海侵作用和生物有机质的参与等因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
7.
我国贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷块岩中的磷酸盐化球状化石是近年来受到广泛关注的一类微体化石。对于它们的生物亲缘认识，长期以来存在着动植物之争，特别是近年来一些学者发现，部分磷酸盐化球状化石内部保存了2、4、8、16等几何级数增长的细胞特征，根据化石的大小、细胞排列方式和表面纹饰可与现生甲壳类动物的胚胎比较，认为它们很可能是运动胚胎化石，但另一些学者却持截然不同的观点，认为它们不是动物胚胎化石的观察与研究，同时结合相同层位岩石薄片所发现的大量同类化石微细结构的对比。特别是把磷块岩中的化石与燧石中发现的化石详细比较，对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨，研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期燧石中发现的化石详细比较，对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨。研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷酸盐化微体化石群具有多样性特征，包含不同门类，是迄今为止全球保存最好的晚新元古代磷酸盐化的化石库。 相似文献
8.
俞 《四川地质科技情报》1994,(1):45-46
晚震旦世陡山挖期是南挖冰期后第一次生物爆发期，又是我国南方重要的磷、锰和重晶石等矿产形成期，是末前寒武纪的重要时期之一。最近，分别在贵州息峰温泉、开阳洋水沙坝土、福泉拦马坳、上饶朝阳王家院及贵州瓮安大塘等剖面，于陡山沱组顶部采集磷块岩和磷质样品， 相似文献
9.
贵州瓮安磷矿上震旦统陡山沱组地层和沉积环境 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
瓮安磷矿当时位于川黔滇台地东南边缘,是我国晚震旦世陡山沱期主要的磷矿之一。该区陡山沱组含磷地层中发现大量低等蓝藻和真菌、红藻、大型球状绿藻、疑源类及可能的后生动物化石,引起国内外地质学家和古生物学家的关注,尤其是最近报道从该地层中发现具细胞结构的海绵和动物胚胎化石,震动了各国古生物学界。瓮安磷矿的陡山沱组不整合于南沱组或板溪群之上,为灯影组浅灰白色白云岩层整合覆盖,以中部的古喀斯特侵蚀面为界而分为下、上两个岩性段,构成下段的白云岩—磷块岩—白云岩序列和上段的磷块岩—白云质生屑磷块岩—磷质白云岩序列。化石产于陡山沱组上段。 相似文献
10.
碘作为一种矿产资源,长期以来主要取自与油、气、盐类相关的卤水和硝酸盐矿床(如智利)。七十年代以来又发现一些磷块岩矿床中有较高的含碘量。中国川、黔、鄂、湘等省某些磷块岩矿床中也富含可综合利用的碘,其中尤以贵州晚震旦世陡山沱期磷块岩含碘最富。近几年,笔者等对贵州晚震旦世陡山沱期磷块岩内碘的富集规律和条件做了些初步研究,兹简介如下。 相似文献
11.
本文对苏北地区锦屏组磷矿石及地层样品进行了岩相学及地球化学分析,研究了磷矿初始沉积环境和源区特征。磷矿类微量元素富集Ba、Pb、U、Sr,贫Th、Ta、Nb、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,Ce负异常,表明成矿环境为陆缘海,且成矿过程受深海热水沉积和生物作用影响。Sr、Nd同位素初始值判断磷灰岩物质来源为年轻的地壳物质。绿片岩类微量元素富集Rb、Th、K,贫Th、U、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,判断其原岩为陆源碎屑岩。（混合）片麻岩类微量元素富集Pb、Th、K,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti;REE配分曲线为LREE富集型,具地幔源区特征。 相似文献
12.
对我国震旦纪、寒武纪磷块岩矿床的研究表明,参与成磷作用的生物主要是菌、藻类微生物。生物作用的标志表现为:P2O5主要富集在叠层石磷块岩中,富集在叠层石的柱体上,富集在柱体内部的富藻纹层中;而与磷块岩共生的白云石和黄铁矿的δ13C值和δ34S值相对均较低,则是生物参与成磷作用的同位素标志特点。生物的成磷作用贯穿成磷过程的始终,但它随作用的相带、环境和阶段不同,生物的种属和作用方式也不同,因而矿石和矿床的质量也随之而异。 相似文献
13.
生物的聚磷作用是磷块岩形成不可忽视的因素,海相磷块岩的大规模形成与生物成矿作用之间的关系十分密切。黔中地区震旦系有较厚的含磷岩层,震旦纪生物群的复苏和繁盛可能对同期磷块岩的沉积有促进作用。文章以震旦系瓮安富磷地层中抽提的有机组分为主要研究载体,采用生物标志物等技术从分子水平对其进行测试。结果表明:正构烷烃等多种分子化石的存在,暗示其生物母质源于菌藻类;正构烷烃δ(~(13)C)值变化曲线反映了南沱冰期后海洋中低等水生生物的种类相对单一。 相似文献
14.
15.
G. V. Ovchinnikova A. B. Kuznetsov I. M. Vasil’eva I. M. Gorokhov M. T. Krupenin B. M. Gorokhovskii A. V. Maslov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2013,451(2):798-802
The Pb-Pb age of phosphorite concretions of the Zigaza-Komarovo Formation, which composes the intermediate horizons of the Riphean stratotype of the South Urals, was determined in fractions resulting from the stepwise dissolution of concretions in 0.1 N, 0.5 N, and 1 N HCl. The determination of the Sr isotopic composition in phosphate fractions was favorable for rejection the fractions polluted with extraneous material. On the 207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb diagram, the isochron based on 31 points corresponds to 1330 ± 20 Ma (MSWD = 1.12), which is in agreement with the stratigraphic position of the Zigaza-Komarovo Formation. The decreased μ2 value of 9.57 for the phosphorite concretions relative to that of the average earthly lead based on the Stacey-Kramers model (9.74) is related to the rocks with an admixture of mantle lead, which occur in the run-off area of the Zigaza-Komarovo sediments. 相似文献
16.
羊场磷矿是近年来在云南评价确认的沉积大型磷矿床,磷矿体赋存于下寒武统梅树村组碳酸盐岩-泥质碎屑岩沉积中部的一套含磷岩系中,呈层状、似层状展布于羊场背斜两翼,其产状与地层产状基本一致,含矿岩性为含磷白云岩、磷质岩、磷块岩、硅质岩建造。通过分析该矿床矿体特征和梅树村组磷块岩的主微量元素组成,研究了羊场磷矿的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。结果表明,羊场磷矿磷块岩具有富钙（w（CaO）=42.07%~45.01%）、磷（w（P2O5）=27.66%~39.25%）和贫硅（w（SiO2）=8.27%~15.40%）的特征;w（P2O5）与w（CaO）呈较好的正相关关系,与w（MgO）呈负相关关系,与w（Al2O3）呈较明显的负相关关系。矿石的w（Th）/w（U）值小于1、Pb （亲硫元素）和Sr富集（Pb平均富集系数16.66,Sr平均富集系数1.17）特征表明,羊场磷矿可能是热水沉积成矿与生物成矿双重作用的结果;微量元素特征值反映,羊场磷矿形成于深海到浅海的变化环境,为海相沉积型磷块岩,沉积时水体呈还原环境。 相似文献
17.
A comparative study of Pleistocene phosphorites from the continental slope off western India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. Purnachandra Rao S. W. A. Naqvi M. Dileep Kumar D. Cardinal A. Michard D. V. Borole E. Jacobs & R. Natarajan 《Sedimentology》2000,47(5):945-960
Two types of phosphorite recovered from the continental slope off western India are described. The first type, phosphorite 1, comprises a hard, grey nodule composed of carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite as major minerals. The phosphorite consists of light‐brown microcrystalline apatite containing a few skeletal fragments and planktonic foraminifera. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies show evidence of dissolution of skeletal calcite and filling of the resulting cavities by phosphate composed of ovoid to rod‐shaped apatite microparticles. Apatite also occurs as coatings on these particles. The P2O5 content of the phosphorite is 29%, and the CO2 content of the CFA is about 4·5%. The rare‐earth element (REE) abundance (ΣREE=2·02 μg g–1) is lower than in other modern phosphorites. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio and ?Nd value of this sample are 0·70921 and –9·9 respectively. The 14C age found through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating (18 720 ± 120 years BP) is much younger than that determined by the U‐series method (100 ka). The second type, phosphorite 2, comprises a friable, light‐brown nodule consisting of CFA as the only major mineral, with a CO2 content of the CFA of 4·5%. In thin section, the phosphate is light brown and homogeneous, and a few bone fragments are present. The P2O5 content is 33%, and REE contents (ΣREE = 0·18 μg g–1) are lower than in phosphorite 1. The age of phosphorite 2 is >300 ka. Phosphorite 1 appears to have formed during the late Pleistocene through replacement of carbonate by phosphate; phosphorite 2 is also of Pleistocene age but is much older than phosphorite 1. The initial substrate for phosphorite 2 was a fish coprolite, which was subsequently phosphatized during slow sedimentation under low‐energy conditions. Microbial mediation is evident in both phosphorites. The colour, density and P2O5 content of the phosphorites are found to be dependent on the nature of the initial substrates and physico‐chemical conditions during phosphatization. The CO2 content of the CFA is not related to the precursor carbonate phase. The nature of sediments, rates of sedimentation and the time spent undergoing phosphogenesis at the sediment–water interface may control REE concentrations in phosphorites. 相似文献
18.
《Lithos》2004,72(1-2):73-96
Petrological, trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic data are reported for volcanic rocks from the island of Filicudi, Aeolian Arc, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcano consists of several monogenic and polygenic centres built up through four major phases of explosive and effusive activity started before 1 Ma. Rock composition ranges from calc-alkaline basalts to high-K andesites. There is a negative correlation between silica and MgO, CaO, TiO2, FeOtotal, and a positive trend for K2O, Na2O and P2O5. LILE and HFSE increase with silica, whereas ferromagnesian trace elements have an opposite tendency. Incompatible elements, such as Zr, Ba, Rb, La, display well-defined positive correlations on elemental variation diagrams; weak correlations are shown by the other incompatible elements; Sr and compatible elements define negative, roughly curvilinear trends with incompatible elements. 87Sr/86Sr is poorly but significantly variable (0.704016–0.704740) and shows overall higher values in the mafic than in the sialic rocks. Nd isotope ratios range from 0.512670 to 0.512760 and are negatively correlated with 87Sr/86Sr. Pb isotope ratios cluster around 206Pb/204Pb=19.31–19.67, 207Pb/204Pb=15.64–15.69, 208Pb/204Pb=39.11–39.47.Major, trace element and isotopic variations reveal complex, multistage polybaric evolutionary processes for the Filicudi magmas. It is clear that crystal-liquid fractionation processes determined many of the petrologic and geochemical characteristics of these magmas. However, elemental variations when coupled with isotopic variations (in particular Sr isotopes) demonstrate that mixing processes and interaction of the magmas with older crustal material also played an important role.When compared with other Aeolian arc volcanoes, Filicudi shows petrological and geochemical characteristics similar to those of the nearby islands of Salina and Alicudi. The three islands consist of calc-alkaline rocks, but the degree of magma evolution increases going from the Alicudi to Salina. These variations are likely related to the plumbing system of the three volcanoes. However, trace element and isotopic evidence also suggests significant variations of primary magmas, which reveal a zoned source which suffered different types of metasomatism. 相似文献
19.
Emre Aydınçakır 《Geodinamica Acta》2016,28(4):379-411
Mineral chemistry, major and trace elements, 40Ar/39Ar age and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data are presented for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks in the Central Pontides, Turkey. The Hamsilos volcanic rocks mainly consist of basalt, andesite and associated pyroclastics (volcanic breccia, vitric tuff and crystal tuff). They display shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline affinities. The shoshonitic rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar, phlogopite, analcime, sanidine, olivine, apatite and titanomagnetite, whereas the high-K calc-alkaline rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, magnetite / titanomagnetite in microgranular porphyritic, hyalo-microlitic porphyritic and glomeroporphyritic matrix. Mineral chemistry data reveal that the pressure condition of the clinopyroxene crystallisation for the shoshonitic rocks are between 1.4 and 6.3 kbar corresponds to 6–18-km depth and the high-K calc-alkaline rocks are between 5 and 12 km. 40Ar/39Ar age data changing between 72 ± .5 Ma and 79.0 ± .3 Ma (Campanian) were determined for the Late Cretaceous Hamsilos volcanic rocks, contemporaneous with the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean beneath the Pontides. The studied volcanic rocks were enriched in the large-ion lithophile and light rare earth element contents, with pronounced depletion in the contents of high-field-strength elements. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element patterns (LaN/LuN = 6–17) show low to medium enrichment, indicating similar sources of the rock suite. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values vary between .70615 and .70796, whereas initial 143Nd/144Nd values change between .51228 and .51249. Initial 206Pb/204Pb values vary between 18.001 and 18.349, 207Pb/204Pb values between 15.611 and 15.629 and 208Pb/204Pb values between 37.839 and 38.427. The main solidification processes involved in the evolution of the volcanic rocks consist of fractional crystallisation, with minor amounts of crustal contamination ± magma mixing. According to geochemical evidence, the shoshonitic melts in the Hamsilos volcanic rocks were possibly derived from the low degree of partial melting of a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), while the high-K calc-alkaline melts were derived from relatively high degree of partial melting of SCLM that was enriched by fluids and/or sediments from a subduction of oceanic crust. 相似文献
20.
The Shabaosi deposit is the only large lode gold deposit in the northern Great Xing'an Range. The gold ore bodies are hosted by sandstone and siltstone of the Middle Jurassic Ershi'erzhan Formation, and are controlled by three N–S‐trending altered fracture zones. The gold ore bodies are composed of auriferous quartz veinlets and altered rocks. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4 system, with salinities between 0.83 and 8.28 wt% NaCl eq., and homogenization temperatures ranging from 180 to 320 °C. The δ34S values of sulphides show a large variation from −16.9‰ to 8.5‰. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides are characterized by a narrow range of ratios: 18.289 to 18.517 for 206Pb/204Pb, 15.548 to 15.625 for 207Pb/204Pb, and 38.149 to 38.509 for 208Pb/204Pb. The μ values range from 9.36 to 9.51. These results suggest that the ore‐forming fluids/materials were mainly of magmatic hydrothermal origin, derived from magmas produced by partial melting of the lower crust. The 40Ar/39Ar age of auriferous quartz veinlets from the Shabaosi gold deposit is about 130 Ma. The Shabaosi gold deposit has counterparts in similar orogenic gold deposits, and was formed during the post‐collisional setting of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Orogen. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献