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1.
福建省晚古生代聚煤前的区域构造格架为三个地体：闽西北地体、闽西南地体及闽东地体。聚煤期构造特征(早古生代晚期)：加旦东运动沿政和——大埔深大断裂产生了海沟岛弧系俯冲；同时，沿温州——德化深大断裂产生海沟山弧俯冲，海沟岛弧系在晚古生代形成了福建二叠系含煤地层的中、西部条带，海沟山弧系形成了福建二叠系含煤地层的东部条带。聚煤后的构造特征(中生代)，由于印支运动产生新古太平洋板块，并在这时产生了二叠系含煤地层滑脱断层的雏形；燕山运动早期形成了二叠系含煤地层的盖层逆冲推覆构造，燕山运动晚期形成了二叠系含煤地层的基底逆冲推覆构造。 相似文献
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从大多数产在中心式火山构造中的铀矿床实例来看,铀矿化与环状断裂的关系极为密切。笔者在实际工作中,通过对中心式火山环状断裂形成机理的概略分析,探讨它们在铀成矿过程中所起的作用和铀矿床(体)的一些分布规律,供读者参考。一、中心式火山环状断裂的形成机理中心式火山构造主要分为火山穹隆构造和火山洼地构造两大类。本文所述的中心式火山环状断裂,系指由火山作用形成的围绕中心呈环状或半环状(弧状)分布的断裂构造。现将其形成机理概述于下。 相似文献
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大兴安岭东南缘成矿集中区成矿演化特征与找矿潜力 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本区为叠加在槽，台接合部偏槽区上的太平洋型大兴安岭构造岩浆岩区的中亚带，地处深叁断裂夹持区和上地幔构造变开异带上，三层构造层断裂系构成等距菱格网状构造系统，太平洋构造岩浆活动在区域上的推移和区域地球化学场制红区域金属分带，本区具深源浅成一超浅成斑岩铜多金属成矿系列特征，为待揭开的大型以上规模的燕山期斑岩系列成矿潜在区。 相似文献
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塔北哈拉哈塘地区发育多组北东、北西向主干断裂组成的剪切断裂系统, 本文在剪切断裂地球物理识别的基础上, 分析了研究区内剪切断裂系统构造特征及其对油气分布的控制.研究区内剪切断裂发育9种典型构造样式.平面上, 整体为共轭剪切断裂, 分支断裂延伸较短, 与主干断裂呈小角度相交; 单条剪切断裂带具有一定的分段性, 不同部位具有不同的构造样式和平面组合.纵向上, 哈拉哈塘地区剪切断裂系统具有分层变形的特征, 可以划分为下、中、上3个构造层.下构造层为寒武系-奥陶系, 为纯剪作用下形成的共轭剪切断裂系统; 中构造层为志留系-二叠系, 为受下构造层控制的张剪作用下形成的断裂; 上构造层为三叠系及其以上地层, 为受中下构造层控制的张剪作用下形成的雁列式分布的正断层.这种分层变形特征主要受控于区域古构造应力场的变化.哈拉哈塘地区剪切断裂系统的构造特征决定了该区油气分布具有"多层系含油、沿断裂富集"的特征. 相似文献
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本文将全球洋中脊系统作为研究整体,根据洋中脊的全球分布、运动学特征及其初始形成时与泛大陆的构造几何关系,将全球现今的洋中脊系统划分为内、外支洋中脊。外支洋中脊为探索者洋中脊-太平洋洋隆-东南印度洋中脊-西北印度洋中脊,起源于泛大洋及冈瓦纳大陆内部;内支洋中脊为西南印度洋中脊-大西洋中脊-北冰洋加科尔洋中脊,起源于泛大陆内部。两者之间通过俯冲带、转换断层以及弥散性板块边界实现全球板块构造在运动上的平衡,并保持地球的球形几何形态恒定。外支洋中脊在全球板块构造上造成泛大洋缩减,并持续被太平洋取代,直接推动了环太平洋俯冲带的形成;内支洋中脊造成大西洋盆、印度洋盆中生代以来持续扩张。中生代以来,外支洋中脊和内支洋中脊共同作用引起非洲板块、印度澳大利亚板块向北运动,新特提斯洋盆关闭,形成特提斯(阿尔卑斯山-喀尔巴阡山-扎格罗斯山-喜马拉雅山)碰撞造山带,并通过洋中脊扩张平衡了相关的岩石圈缩短。 相似文献
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中生代敦化—密山断裂大规模左旋平移及其对金矿床形成的控制作用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
研究发现,敦-密断裂具有长期活动特点,在中生代侏罗纪,由于太平洋板块俯冲欧亚板块,整个断裂带发生大规模左旋平移,平移距离约在150～240km之间。敦-密断裂形成演化与郯-庐断裂相似,为郯-庐断裂北延主干。敦-密断裂中生代大规模左旋平移对中国北东部中生代构造-岩浆活动及金矿床形成起控制作用。 相似文献
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鲁西隆起区发育有大量的北西向脆性断裂。依据野外断裂构造的几何学、运动学详细解析认为,北西向断裂系经历了早期的右行压剪、右行张剪,以及后期的左行压剪等不同性质的构造活动。由与北西向断裂活动相伴生的同期侵入岩体的 K-Ar测试结果分析,北西向断裂系在距今约160 Ma及距今130~110 Ma分别经历了右行压剪与右行张剪构造活动;通过分布在隆起区不同样品的磷灰石裂变径迹数据分析、冷却史反演,厘定鲁西地体在距今90~80 Ma存在一次区域性快速冷却构造事件,该构造事件与北西向断裂系的左行压剪构造活动相对应。 相似文献
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多波束测深技术在国际上是海洋科学研究、海底资源开发和海洋工程建设中的重要技术手段。基于对国内外多波束
地形数据的广泛调研,对洋中脊附近洋底构造地貌形态进行分析研究。文中利用不同扩张速率洋中脊附近的50 m分辨率的多
波束地形数据,基于数字地形空间分析方法,利用不同滑动窗口和阈值自动识别来提取洋中脊附近地形面的最大、最小曲率
以及坡度,并以此对洋中脊进行构造解译。对中大西洋洋中脊和东太平洋洋隆两个实验结果的定量分析表明,基于地形曲面
曲率和坡度的洋中脊构造解译方法是有效且可行的,其结果为洋中脊构造样式解译提供重要参考。但是相比之下, 相似文献
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The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean and their ocean-continent connection zones are the core area of "the Belt and Road". Scientific and in-depth recognition to the natural environment, disaster distribution, resources, energy potential of “the Belt and Road” development, is the cut-in point of the current Earth science community to serve urgent national needs. This paper mainly discusses the following key tectonic problems in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones (OCCZs): 1. modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs to the two oceans and the ocean-continent transition zones, this item includes the following questions. (1) Plate origin, growth, death and evolution in the two oceans, for example, 1) The initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate including causes and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky microplates; 2) spatial and temporal process, present status and trends of the plates within the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific Ocean to the evolution of the East Asian Continental Domain; 3) origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and assembly and dispersal of supercontinents. (2) Latest research progress and problems of mid-oceanic ridges: 1) the ridge-hot spot interaction and ridge accretion, how to think about the relationship between vertical accretion behavior of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading of millions years at 0 Ma mid-oceanic ridges; 2) the difference of formation mechanisms between the back-arc basin extension and the normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; 3) the differentials between ultra-slow dian Ocean and the rapid Pacific spreading, whether there are active and passive spreading, and a push force in the mid-oceanic ridge; 4) mid-oceanic ridge jumping and termination: causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; 5) interaction of mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. (3) On the intra-oceanic subduction and tectonics: 1) the origin of intra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab window on continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; 2) causes of the large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamount chains. (4) The oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean. (5) Advances on the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench suction and mid-oceanic ridge push, is reviewed and discussed. 2. The ocean-continent connection zones near the two oceans, including: (1) Property of continental margin basement: the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are the continental crusts or oceanic crusts, and origin of micro-continent within the oceans; (2) the ocean-continent transition and coupling process, revealing from the comparison of the major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and the continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, causes of transform fault within back-arc basin, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margin; (3) strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; (4) connection between deep and surface processes within the two ocean and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3. On the relationship, especially their present relations and evolutionary trends, between the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific plates and the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean. At last, this paper makes a perspective of the related marine geology, ocean-continent connection zone and in-depth geology for the two oceans and one zone. 相似文献
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Yu. N. Raznitsin 《Geotectonics》2006,40(2):111-119
This paper presents data on the structure of some segments of the Pacific lithosphere that bear signs of its tectonic delamination. This tectonic phenomenon is inherent not only to the young slow-spreading Atlantic and Indian oceans but also to the ancient fast-spreading Pacific Ocean, where tectonic delamination of the lithosphere has been established beneath seamounts, in fault zones and between them, immediately beneath the East Pacific Rise, within small separate plates in the eastern part of the ocean, in the Northwest Pacific Basin, and beneath marginal swells that border deep trenches along the western periphery of the Pacific. 相似文献
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本文在综合解译地质图、遥感影像及数字高程模型的基础上,沿着青衣江河谷对龙门山南段多条断裂进行了详细调查。将前第四纪大规模不整合边界作为断裂的分布范围,同时通过构造地貌标志确定最新的活动断裂位置,如断错山脊、断层槽谷、河道形态变化等。解译过程中也参考了前人研究成果,如开挖探槽位置信息,浅层地震剖面资料。调查结果显示,松潘—甘孜褶皱带与龙门山接触地带发育了中岗断裂、永富断裂,晚第四纪活动特征不明显。龙门山后山、中央、前山3条主干断裂在南段依次对应耿达—陇东断裂、岩井—五龙断裂、与双石—大川断裂,与北段具有相似的断块构造。3条断裂都有断错地貌特征但断裂分支较多,其中盐井—五龙断裂有一条分支为宝兴断裂,双石—大川断裂有小关子断裂一条分支。在前陆地区,基底滑脱带延伸至浅部盖层,断坡处发育了始阳断裂、新开店断裂等浅部分支断裂。通过这些断裂分布样式、断错地貌特征、与实测地质剖面发现,龙门山南段具有纯挤压特征,最新构造活动已经开始改造前陆地区,是扩展的边界。而龙门山北段具有和逆冲相当的走滑分量,表明青藏高原在推挤龙门山的过程中,龙门山北缘向西秦岭方向发生走滑逃逸,龙门山南段由于同时受川滇块体向东推挤作用而呈现纯挤压特征。高原推挤作用集中于松潘—甘孜褶皱带东缘的小金弧形构造,控制了龙门山断裂带南北构造差异。 相似文献
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Fracture-fissure systems found at mid-ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid. Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid-ocean ridges will provide a useful tool in the search for potential hydrothermal vents, thus guiding the exploration of modern seafloor sulfides. Considering the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 20°N–24°N (NMAR) and North Chile Rise (NCR) as examples, fault elements such as Fault Spacing (?S) and Fault Heave (?X) can be identified and quantitatively measured. The methods used include Fourier filtering of the multi-beam bathymetry data, in combination with measurements of the topographic slope, curvature, and slope aspect patterns. According to the Sequential Faulting Model of mid-ocean ridges, the maximal migration distance of an active fault on either side of mid-ocean ridges—that is, the distribution range of active faults—can be measured. Results show that the maximal migration distance of active faults at the NMAR is 0.76–1.01 km (the distance is larger at the center than at the ends of this segment), and at the NCR, the distribution range of active faults is 0.38–1.6 km. The migration distance of active faults on the two study areas is positively related to the axial variation of magma supply. In the NCR study area, where there is an abundant magma input, the number of faults within a certain distance is mainly affected by the variation of lithospheric thickness. Here a large range of faulting clearly corresponds to a high proportion of magmatism to seafloor spreading near mid-ocean ridges (M) value, and in the study area of the NMAR, there is insufficient magmatism, and the number of faults may be controlled by both lithospheric thickness and magma supply, leading to a less obvious positive correlation between the distribution range of active faults and M. 相似文献
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The structural elements on the shallow (Sunda Shelf) and deep seas of east and south—east Asia are interpreted as the result of past interaction between lithospheric plates. During the Mesozoic the western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean were parts of the Tethys Sea and were moving to the north relative to Antarctica. A Mesozoic ridge system trending east—west produced east—west trending magnetic anomalies throughout the entire area. The ridge system was bisected by large north—south transform faults which divided the eastern Indian Ocean—western Pacific Ocean into sub-plates traveling at different speeds. The Mesozoic evolution of the Sunda Shelf and the deep seas resulted from such horizontal differential movement in a north—south direction. During Late Cretaceous—Eocene the various segments of the spreading ridge gradually submerged beneath the deep sea trenches to the north, causing a gradual change in the direction of motion of the Pacific plate. The change in motion of the Pacific plate resulted in the separation between the Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean plates, the formation of large northeast—southwest tectonic elements on the Sunda Shelf and elsewhere in south—east Asia, the formation of the western Philippine Basin and the rapid northward motion of Australia. The only remnant of the Mesozoic ridge system exists today at the western Philippine Basin. 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):270-283
The morphology of natural mid-ocean ridges changes significantly with the rate of extension. Full spreading rate on Earth varies over more than one order of magnitude, ranging from less than 10 mm/yr at the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean to 170 mm/yr at the East Pacific Rise. The goal of this study is to reproduce and investigate the spreading patterns as they vary with extension rate using 3-D thermomechanical numerical models. The applied finite difference marker-in-cell code incorporates visco-plastic rheology of the lithosphere and a crustal growth algorithm. The evolution of mid-ocean ridges from nucleation to a steady-state is modelled for a wide range of spreading rates. With increasing spreading rate, four different regimes are obtained: (a) stable alternating magmatic and amagmatic sections (≈ 10 mm/yr), (b) transient features in asymmetrically spreading systems (≈ 20 mm/yr), (c) stable orthogonal ridge-transform fault patterns (≈ 40 mm/yr) and (d) stable curved ridges (≥ 60 mm/yr). Modelled ultraslow and slow mid-ocean ridges share key features with natural systems. Abyssal hills and oceanic core complexes are the dominant features on the flanks of natural slow-spreading ridges. Numerically, very similar features are produced, both generated by localised asymmetric plate growth controlled by a spontaneous development of large-offset normal faults (detachment faults). Asymmetric accretion in our models implies a lateral migration of the ridge segment, which might help explaining the very large offsets observed at certain transform faults in nature. 相似文献
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Marc Constantin 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,136(1-2):111-130
Mafic and ultramafic rocks sampled in the Garrett transform fault at 13°28′S on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) provide insight
on magmatic processes occurring under a fast-spreading ridge system. Serpentinized harzburgite from Garrett have modal, mineral
and bulk chemical compositions consistent with being mantle residue of a high degree of partial melting. Along with other
EPR localities (Terevaka transform fault and Hess Deep), these harzburgites are among the most residual and depleted in magmatophile
elements of the entire mid-ocean ridge system. Geothermometric calculations using olivine-spinel pairs indicate a mean temperature
of 759 ± 25 °C for Garrett residual harzburgite similar to the average of 755 °C for tectonite peridotites from slow-spreading
ridges. Results of this study show that mid-ocean ridge peridotites are subject to both fractional melting and metasomatic
processes. Evidence for mantle metasomatism is ubiquitous in harzburgite and is likely widespread in the entire Garrett peridotite
massif. Magma-harzburgite interactions are very well preserved as pyroxenite lenses, plagioclase dunite pockets or dunitic
wall rock to intrusive gabbros. Abundant gabbroic rocks are found as intrusive pockets and dikes in harzburgite and have been
injected in the following sequence: olivine-gabbro, gabbro, gabbronorite, and ferrogabbro. The wide variety of magmas that
crystallized into gabbros contrast sharply with present-day intratransform basalts, which have a highly primitive composition.
Ferrogabbro dikes have been intruded at the ridge-transform intersection and as they represent the last event of a succession
of gabbros intrusive into the peridotite, they likely constrain the origin of the entire peridotite massif to the same location.
In peridotite massifs from Pacific transform faults (Garrett and Terevaka), primitive to fractionated basaltic magmas have
flowed and crystallized variable amounts of dunite (±plagioclase) and minor pyroxenite, followed by a succession of cumulate
gabbroic dikes which have extensively intruded and modified the host harzburgitic rocks. The lithosphere and style of magmatic
activity within a fast-slipping transform fault (outcrops of ultramafic massif, discontinuous gabbro pockets intrusive in
peridotite, magnesian and phyric basalts) are more analogous to slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge type than the East Pacific
Rise.
Received: 13 October 1997 / Accepted: 5 February 1999 相似文献
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基于"同一应力场不同边界条件形成不同性质断层"的构造解析原理,认为海拉尔盆地断陷期受南南东—北北西向拉张应力场作用,形成北北东和北东东向断裂,北北西向断裂明显走滑变形。断-坳转化期拉张应力场方位调整为近东西向,形成近南北向断裂,北北东、北东东和北北西向断裂扭动变形。伊敏组沉积末期盆地回返,受近东西向挤压应力场控制盆地左旋压扭变形,北北东和北东东向断裂强烈反转。依据断裂变形特征叠加关系,海拉尔盆地形成4套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂、中期张扭断裂、早期伸展中期张扭断裂和早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂。断陷构造层早期伸展中期张扭反向断裂形成断层遮挡圈闭,早期伸展断裂将凹中隆和斜坡切割破碎形成断层复杂化的背斜圈闭,早期伸展断裂与中期张扭断裂交叉组合,形成复杂的断块圈闭。断-坳构造层早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂呈"梳状"组合,形成典型的断块圈闭。基于断裂活动时期与成藏期耦合关系以及典型油气藏解剖的结果认为,早期伸展和早期伸展中期张扭断裂在成藏关键时刻为遮挡断层,且封闭的烃柱高度一般均小于圈闭的幅度,早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂为调整型断层。基于圈闭的样式、断层在成藏中的作用及输导体系分析,海拉尔盆地断裂控藏模式分为二型4类,二型为原生油藏和次生油藏。原生油藏包括3类:一是灶缘油气侧向运移反向断层遮挡成藏模式,控藏断裂为早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统;二是灶内油气初次运移断层遮挡"箱内"成藏模式;三是灶内凹中隆油气侧向运移"弥散式"成藏模式。这两种模式控藏断裂均为早期伸展断裂。次生油藏为油气沿断裂垂向运移"伞式"成藏模式,控藏断裂为早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统。 相似文献