共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
塔里木盆地玉北地区蓬莱坝组发育粉-细晶自形白云岩、中晶自形-半自形白云岩、粗晶自形-他形白云岩三种白云岩类型。粉-细晶白云岩具纹层状构造,稀土元素配分模式、总稀土含量与同期灰岩相似,氧同位素组成与同期海水成因的白云岩相近,表明白云岩化流体为同期海水,较高的盐度指数指示了相对浓缩的海水条件,较低的有序度值反应出快速的白云岩化过程,为准同生白云岩化的产物,白云石晶间均匀充填富Fe、富Si及高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的陆源物质,表明玉北地区在蓬莱坝组粉-细晶白云岩沉积期由于相对海平面较低从而受到陆源物质混入的影响。中晶白云岩和粗晶白云岩的稀土元素配分模式、总稀土含量、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值等与同期海水特征相似,表明白云岩化流体为海水,可见残余颗粒结构,成岩温度较低,埋藏较浅,为埋藏的海水以及沿原始颗粒灰岩的粒间孔及可能存在的裂缝等通道向下运移的海水提供的Mg~(2+)导致的白云岩化,后期重结晶作用破坏了粗晶白云岩中的残余颗粒结构并导致其Fe、Mn含量及成岩温度、有序度值高于中晶白云岩,Sr含量及δ~(18)O值低于中晶白云岩。部分中-粗晶白云石边缘可见加大边,表明后期存在少量他源流体导致的次生加大作用。 相似文献
2.
川东北元坝气田长兴组白云岩成因研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
上二叠统长兴组礁滩相白云岩是川东北元坝气田的主要储层。长兴组白云岩主要分布在长二段顶部礁盖、礁间滩、礁后滩等沉积相。通过层序地层学、岩石学、地球化学等方法对白云岩成因进行了研究,结果表明:不同类型的白云岩具有相似的87Sr/86Sr值(集中分布在0.7071~0.7075之间),并与晚二叠世海水及泥晶灰岩87Sr/86Sr值相似,指示白云岩化流体主要来自于同期海水;利用低温条件下白云石-水之间氧同位素温度分馏方程恢复的白云岩化流体温度在40~55℃之间,表明白云岩化作用发生于低温浅埋藏环境中。在浅埋藏白云岩化过程中,受沉积地貌和海平面升降的影响,不同沉积相带发生白云岩化作用时流体的性质有所不同:(1)礁盖残余生屑/砂屑中-粗晶白云岩具有明显偏负的δ18O值以及较高的Fe、Mn含量和白云石晶体缓慢结晶的特征,受大气淡水作用明显,属于混合水白云岩化;(2)礁间滩粉晶白云岩具有明显偏正的δ18O值,高Fe、Mn、Sr含量和较低的有序度值,白云岩化流体来源复杂,但整体与蒸发性卤水有关;(3)礁后滩细-中晶白云岩具有非常低的Fe、Mn和高MgCO3含量,白云石具有快速结晶的特点,为正常海水条件下的白云岩化。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组马五段白云岩的同位素地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鄂尔多斯盆地中央气田奥陶系马家沟组马五段白云岩是重要的油气储集层,多年来,马家沟组白云岩的成因问题一直是地质研究者讨论的热点话题.对马五段白云岩的C、O、Sr同位素地球化学资料的分析表明,孔洞充填的白云石(含鞍状白云石)和白云岩的δ13C、δ18O值极其近似,且白云岩的δ18OPDB值比奥陶纪海水值要偏负1.752‰～4.395‰(平均2.911‰);成岩流体(水)的占δ18OSMOW平均值为+8‰,比当时海水值偏正;87Sr/86Sr比值比奥陶纪海水87Sr/86Sr比值要高.从C、O同位素数据上看,形成白云岩和沉淀于孔洞中的白云石(含鞍状白云石)的流体为同源流体;造成白云岩的δ18O值偏负的原因主要是埋藏条件的"温度效应";87Sr/86Sr比值偏高可能是交代流体来自或流经了富含放射成因Sr的铝硅酸盐基底或硅质碎屑岩.这些特征表明马五段白云岩很可能形成于埋藏环境. 相似文献
4.
通过剖面实测、薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析和地球化学分析，对川东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩成因进行了研究。研究结果表明:研究区龙王庙组自下而上发育灰岩—过渡岩性—白云岩，以颗粒结构为主，白云石主要为泥—粉晶，呈它形—半自形晶，阴极发光呈昏暗光—暗红光。样品的MgO与CaO呈负相关，白云岩Mg2+/Ca2+较低，高Na含量，低Sr、Fe、Mn含量，白云石有序度较低，各岩性稀土元素配分曲线平行一致分布，δCe无异常，δEu负异常，灰岩δ13C偏正、δ18O处于同期海水内，白云岩δ13C、δ18O偏正，87Sr/86Sr高于同期海水值。结合区域地质背景、岩石学特征和地球化学分析结果，研究区白云石化流体为高盐度蒸发海水，研究区白云岩为渗透回流白云石化作用形成。 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩储层类型与分布特征 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩是台盆区最重要的储层之一,发育4种类型:①潮坪白云岩。以含膏泥晶白云岩为主,石膏溶孔及白云岩砾间孔发育,发育于潮间-潮上坪蒸发环境。白云石表现为MgO-CaO呈线性正相关、低Mg/Ca值及高∑REE值、锶同位素值分布在0.7085～0.7100之间,略高于同期海水值0.7090、阴极发光不发光或暗色光。储层分布主要受沉积相控制,发育于中下寒武统地层;②蒸发台地白云岩。以藻丘及颗粒灰岩选择性白云石化为特征,发育铸模孔、膏溶孔和残留粒间孔,白云石Mg/Ca值变化范围大、δ13C、δ18O值相对偏正、分别大于2‰和-4‰、阴极发光发较亮红光。储层主要发育于台内靠近台缘一侧;③埋藏白云岩。发育细晶、中晶及粗晶白云岩,以晶间孔及晶间溶孔为主,δ18O值偏负在-5‰～-10‰(PDB)之间,87Sr/86Sr值相对较大,为0.7090～0.7110,阴极发光以发暗棕褐色、紫色光为主。埋藏白云岩储层发育主要受成岩相控制,但也表现出与沉积相具有相关性,这是因为物性好的台缘、台内礁滩体及有裂缝沟通构成的开放体系更有利于埋藏白云石化作用发生;④热液白云岩。以受热液改造的结晶白云岩为特征,往往伴生热液矿物,白云石δ18O值异常偏负、一般小于-9‰(PDB)、阴极发光多发明亮红光、稀土元素标准化配分曲线中Eu出现正异常、出现高于地层背景值的异常高温包裹体;主要发育在具有上覆隔挡层的不整合面之下地层及大断裂发育带附近。上述四类白云岩在规模与分布上有不同,但都可预测。埋藏和热液白云岩规模较大,受原始沉积相带和成岩流体来源双重约束。潮坪和蒸发台地白云岩规模可变性较大,可由沉积环境重建,结合成岩相研究预测评价。 相似文献
6.
灯影组白云岩是四川盆地超深层油气勘探的重点领域,但目前人们对该套白云岩成因争议仍较大,且缺乏系统研究.通过对四川盆地灯影组白云岩C-O-Sr同位素和稀土元素数据的系统分析来研究白云石化流体的化学性质和成因,进而约束白云岩的差异性成因机制.研究表明：(1)灯影组白云岩碳同位素值较均一,δ13C值基本分布在0‰～+5.0‰之间,而氧同位素值变化较大.近地表环境基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物δ18O均大于-8.0‰,埋藏环境白云石胶结物δ18O均小于-8.0‰,而热液白云石化胶结物δ18O均小于-10.0‰.(2)基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物具有与同期海水相似的87Sr/86Sr值(0.708～0.709),指示其继承于海水流体;而埋藏环境白云石胶结物87Sr/86Sr比值明显大于同期海水,指示其为地层流体和深部热液流体来源.(3)灯影组白云岩稀土元素均亏损轻稀土元素、富集重稀土元素.基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物可见Ce负异常、未见Eu明显异... 相似文献
7.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(5)
为探讨川中埃迪卡拉系灯影组顶部灰岩地层对下伏白云岩储集层的影响,在阴极发光、镜下鉴定等岩石学研究的基础上,对该层灰岩和下伏的细-中晶白云岩、泥-微晶白云岩进行了稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究。结果表明,灰岩中普遍存在去白云石化现象,细-中晶白云石被泥晶方解石交代而呈港湾状边缘或仅剩余白云石"残晶",未被交代的白云石在岩心上呈"透镜状"分布。相比新元古代沉积灰岩,该套灰岩具有明显的Eu正异常、Dy负异常,更接近灯影组鞍状白云石和细-中晶白云岩,其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值较同期海水偏高。低Sr-Fe的特点则揭示其为大气淡水成因。以上研究表明,该套灰岩是在热液成因细-中晶白云岩的基础上,经大气淡水所主导的去白云石化作用而形成,该作用对先期白云岩储集层起破坏性作用。 相似文献
8.
白云岩储层是茅口组一种重要的储层类型,其成因是研究重点。为此,以川中-川东地区茅口组白云岩为例,通过露头观测、岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定及岩石地球化学分析的方法,分析了茅口组白云岩(石)的成因。结果表明:茅口组白云岩(石)可划分为层状粉晶白云岩、层状细-中晶白云岩、灰岩中零散分布的白云石、透镜状中-粗晶白云岩和鞍形白云石胶结物5种类型。其中,层状粉晶白云岩原始结构保存较好,地球化学特征与原始灰岩相似,是早期埋藏环境下形成的产物;层状细-中晶白云岩与层状粉晶白云岩相伴生,δ18O值较灰岩偏负,包裹体均一温度大于正常地层埋藏温度,部分样品可见Eu正异常,是由层状粉晶白云岩在热液作用下重结晶形成;灰岩中零散分布的白云石则与矿物的稳定化有关;透镜状中-粗晶白云岩和鞍形白云石胶结物镜下可见白云石晶面弯曲和波状消光,其δ18O值可达-10‰,包裹体均一温度高于正常地层埋藏温度,Eu正异常明显,是典型的热液白云岩(石)。 相似文献
9.
川西地区栖霞组白云岩成因及其与峨眉山玄武岩喷发热事件关系颇有争论。在野外剖面、岩心观察基础上,通过岩石学、全岩及矿物微区地球化学分析方法对其研究,结果表明川西地区栖霞组白云岩（石）可分为残余砂屑白云岩、晶粒白云岩以及鞍状白云石、脉体充填白云石四类。残余砂屑白云岩与晶粒白云岩均呈块状,阴极发光较暗,稀土配分模式与泥微晶灰岩相似,δ13C、87Sr/86Sr多处于同期海水范围内,δ18O略偏负,Ce负异常,残余砂屑白云岩Eu呈负异常,而晶粒白云岩Eu多为正异常。微区δ13C、δ18O分析显示,残余砂屑白云岩的白云石雾心与亮边内δ13C均处于同期海水范围内,δ18O亮边较雾心偏负;晶粒白云岩中不同大小的晶粒白云石微区δ13C、δ18O显示相近特征,表明这两类白云岩均为海水浅埋藏成因,但受到后期热流体叠加改造。曲面他形粗晶鞍状白云石充填于裂隙与溶蚀孔洞内,镜下具波状消光特征,发亮红色光,δ13C与二叠纪海水相近,δ18O明显负偏,Eu呈正异常,指示鞍状白云石为热液成因。脉体白云石岩石学与地球化学特征表明其为晚期埋藏成因。川西地区栖霞组白云岩主体为浅埋藏成因,峨眉山玄武岩喷发期热液对其叠加改造,仅西南地区充填裂隙与溶洞的鞍形白云石为热液成因。 相似文献
10.
以四川盆地西南部宝兴五龙地区中二叠统栖霞组斑马构造白云岩为研究对象,应用岩石学、地球化学等手段对其成因开展综合分析。研究区内斑马构造白云岩主要发育于栖霞组一段上部,斜交或平行层面分布。斑马构造暗带、亮带分别由具残余组构的粉—细晶白云石及中—巨晶鞍状白云石组成,阴极发光分别呈暗红、亮红色,指示晶体生长空间及流体交代过程的元素差异性。斑马构造亮带、暗带白云石有序度均较低,δ~(18)O值负异常明显;暗带的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值处于或略高于同期海水范围,亮带明显较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值指示了深部流体的影响;亮带、暗带均具有低∑REE含量及明显的Eu正异常。综合研究表明,川西南栖霞组斑马构造白云岩属埋藏期热液交代-结晶作用成因,反映了热液流体持续供给下白云石结晶力与岩石抗张强度的动态平衡过程。斑马构造白云岩的形成历经3个阶段:①热液流体沿基底断裂垂向运移,富镁流体顺层进入高孔渗地层并持续溶解-交代石灰岩而形成暗带白云石;②在白云石结晶力大于岩石抗张强度情况下会产生破裂,从而形成一系列裂缝;③溶解作用结束后,裂缝流体中的离子沉淀而形成亮带鞍状白云石。 相似文献
11.
西科1井白云岩主要分布于上中新统黄流组, 在上新统莺歌海组二段和中中新统梅山组有零星分布; 主要的白云岩层段一般发育在褐色铁质矿物浸染的古暴露面之下.根据岩石铸体薄片观察、阴极发光及扫描电镜测试分析, 西科1井白云岩中白云石总体上呈微晶及细粉晶双峰态结构, 微晶白云石为灰岩基质经选择性白云石化的结果, 呈平直晶面半自形晶, 主要为泥微晶基质白云石化的结果; 粉晶-细晶白云石呈平直晶面自形晶, 为胶结物白云石或过度白云化结果, 过度白云化雾心亮边白云石的"亮边"与胶结物白云石成分一致, 阴极发光下二者显示同样的光性特征.微量元素测试及碳氧同位素测试表明: 白云岩一般具有低铁、低锰含量, δ18OPDB均为正值, 变化于2.293‰~5.072‰之间, δ13CPDB变化于1.214‰~3.051‰之间; 西科1井白云岩与西琛1井白云岩具有相似的层位分布特征和碳、氧同位素特征, 可能反映着相同或相似的成因.回流渗透模式可能适用于西沙地区白云岩, 频繁的海平面升降、环礁内蒸发环境及与中新世末期构造运动有关的热流体上涌促进了西沙地区白云岩的形成, 高渗透性礁相碳酸盐岩沉积为高Mg/Ca比值的蒸发水回流渗透提供了运移通道. 相似文献
12.
Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include (1) micritic dolomites (MD1); (2) fine–coarse euhedral floating dolomites (MD2); (3) fine–coarse euhedral dolomites (MD3); and (4) medium–very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites (MD4). Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement (CD1) that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ18O values of ?9.7‰ to ?3.0‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite); δ13C values of ?0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ18O values (?12.9‰ to ?9.1‰ VPDB); slightly lower δ13C values (?1.6‰–0.6‰ VPDB); higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709165–0.709764); and high homogenization temperature (Th) values (98°C–225°C) and salinities (6 wt%–24 wt% NaCl equivalent). Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration (58.6 ppm) and high Fe and Mn contents (1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively). These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
13.
HAIRUO Qing 《Sedimentology》1998,45(2):433-446
The petrography and geochemistry of fine- and medium-crystalline dolomites of the Middle Devonian Presqu’ile barrier at Pine Point (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) are different from those of previously published coarse-crystalline and saddle dolomites that are associated with late-stage hydrothermal fluids. Fine-crystalline dolomite consists of subhedral to euhedral crystals, ranging from 5 to 25 μm (mean 8 μm). The dolomite interbedded with evaporitic anhydrites that occur in the back-barrier facies in the Elk Point Basin. Fine-crystalline dolomite has δ18Ο values between ?1·6 to –3·8‰ PDB and 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0·7079–0·7081, consistent with derivation from Middle Devonian seawater. Its Sr concentrations (55–225 p.p.m., mean 105 p.p.m.) follow a similar trend to modern Little Bahama seawater dolomites. Its rare earth element (REE) patterns are similar to those of the limestone precursors. These data suggest that this fine-crystalline dolomite formed from Middle Devonian seawater at or just below the sea floor. Medium-crystalline dolomite in the Presqu’ile barrier is composed of anhedral to subhedral crystals (150–250 μm, mean 200 μm), some of which have clear rims toward the pore centres. This dolomite occurs mostly in the southern lower part of the barrier. Medium-crystalline dolomite has δ18O values between ?3·7 to ?9·4‰ PDB (mean ?5·9‰ PDB) and 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0·7081–0·7087 (mean 0·7084); Sr concentrations from 30 to 79 p.p.m. (mean 50 p.p.m.) and Mn content from 50 to 253 p.p.m. (mean 161 p.p.m.); and negative Ce anomalies compared with those of marine limestones. The medium-crystalline dolomite may have formed either (1) during shallow burial at slightly elevated temperatures (35–40 °C) from fluids derived from burial compaction, or, more likely (2) soon after deposition of the precursor sediments by Middle Devonian seawater derived from the Elk Point Basin. These results indicate that dolomitization in the Middle Devonian Presqu’ile barrier occurred in at least two stages during evolution of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The geochemistry of earlier formed dolomites may have been modified if the earlier formed dolomites were porous and permeable and water/rock ratios were large during neomorphism. 相似文献
14.
根据岩心及薄片观察,按照矿物晶体的大小、形状以及自形程度的差异,将塔里木盆地中央隆起中部中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层中的白云石分为6种类型,包括泥微晶白云石、粉—细晶自形—半自形漂浮状白云石、粉—细晶半自行—他形白云石、粉—细晶自形(环带)白云石、细—粗晶他形白云石、粗晶鞍形白云石。综合不同类型白云石的结构特征、碳氧锶同位素值、阴极发光等特征,认为中下奥陶统白云石主要由三种成岩作用形成:泥微晶白云石主要是在准同生期由回流白云石化形成;大部分粉—粗晶白云石是在埋藏期由埋藏白云石化形成,其中浅埋藏期是大规模白云石化的阶段;粗晶鞍形白云石主要由与高温热液活动相关的热液白云石化形成。 相似文献
15.
通过对塔里木盆地中、北部地区寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩的研究,发现鞍形白云石胶结物发育比较普遍,常见于孔洞或裂缝之中,乳白色,晶体粗大,晶面弯曲或呈阶梯状,镜下波状消光,晶体内部常见微裂缝,常与热液矿物共生。本文对28个鞍形白云石样品进行了碳、氧、锶同位素测试,结果显示鞍形白云石的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O值分别介于-2.446‰～0.686‰和-9.101‰～-5.117‰之间,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值介于0.708 6～0.710 2之间;流体包裹体测温分析表明,鞍形白云石中气—液两相包裹体的均一温度(T_h)介于121～159.5℃之间,但集中分布在135～145℃之间;根据最后冰融点温度(T_m)求得的白云岩化流体盐度介于21.3%～23.1%之间。这些数据表明,该类型白云石形成于热卤水(盐度是海水的5～8倍)之中。塔里木盆地鞍形白云石与世界范围内其它盆地的鞍形白云石的碳、氧同位素特征基本相似,但其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值相对偏低。导致这一现象的原因可能是鞍形白云石形成于来自深部的岩浆热液流体之中,这些流体伴随岩浆侵位或通过切穿基底的深大断裂及其与之相连的次级断裂系统从深部直接进入碳酸盐岩地层中,未经过碎屑岩输导层的长时间运移,所以导致其中形成的鞍形白云石~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值偏低。 相似文献
16.
塔深1井寒武系白云岩储层同位素流体地球化学示踪 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对塔里木盆地沙雅隆起阿克库勒凸起东部塔深1井寒武系白云岩岩石学特征及成岩成因分析,影响塔深1井寒武系地层流体改变主要成岩有准同生期、埋藏期和后期热液改造期等.塔深1井寒武系白云岩及充填孔、洞、缝内方解石的氧、碳、锶同位素地球化学特征表明:准生期白云岩δ~(13)C_(PDB)值(0.9‰～1.8‰)偏正、δ~(18)C_(PDB)值(-10.1‰～-4.2‰)偏负反映准同生期泥微晶白云石成因属于高盐度的海水使得碳酸盐泥发生白云石化;埋藏期白云岩碳、氧随重结晶作用加强,白云岩晶粒由细向粗变化值随埋深增加,由于同位素分馏作用而偏负,δ~(18)C_(PDB)值(-10.02‰～-5.7‰)呈明显的下降,但δ~(13)C_(PDB)值(-1.4‰～0‰)组成变化不大;后期热液白云岩在热液作用下δ~(18)C_(PDB)值普遍低于-10‰(δ~(18)C_(PDB)/‰-13.1～-9.4,δ~(13)C_(PDB)/‰-2～-0.647);基质方解石δ~(18)C_(PDB)值为-10.1‰～-10.13‰,δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-1.48‰～-1.62‰;充填孔洞缝粗-巨晶方解石δ~(18)C_(PDB)值为-10.89‰～-14.28‰,δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-2‰～-3.09‰,反映准同生期→埋藏期→后期热液晶粒大小由泥微晶→细晶→中晶→粗晶氧碳同位素值逐渐变小偏负,据~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.707 284～0.746 888)值均远高于现今海洋中海水的锶同位素组成(0.708)及围岩的锶同位素(0.707 284),说明鞍形白云石以及方解石结晶时的孔隙流体不是残余在岩石孔隙中的同生期海水,而是外来的富含锶的流体,也就是深部热液流体.渗透回流白云石化、埋藏白云石化和高温热液白云石化等特征表明白云岩形成于超盐度、埋藏和高温热液等3种不同的环境,因此影响储层形成与分布,从而影响对白云岩的勘探. 相似文献
17.
Dolomitization by penesaline sea water in Early Jurassic peritidal platform carbonates, Gibraltar, western Mediterranean 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Peritidal carbonates of the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) Gibraltar Limestone Formation, which form the main mass of the Rock of Gibraltar, are replaced by fine and medium crystalline dolomites. Replacement occurs as massive bedded or laminated dolomites in the lower 100 m of an ≈460‐m‐thick platform succession. The fine crystalline dolomite has δ18Ο values either similar to, or slightly higher than, those expected from Early Jurassic marine dolomite, and δ13C values together with 87Sr/86Sr ratios that overlap with sea‐water values for that time, indicating that the dolomitizing fluid was Early Jurassic sea water. Absence of massive evaporitic minerals and/or evaporite solution‐collapse breccias in these carbonate rocks indicates that the salinity of sea water during dolomitization was below that of gypsum precipitation. The occurrence of peritidal facies, a restricted microbiota and rare gypsum pseudomorphs are also consistent with penesaline conditions (salinity 72–199‰). The medium crystalline dolomite has some δ18Ο and δ13C values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios similar to those of Early Jurassic marine dolomites, which indicates that ambient sea water was again a likely dolomitizing fluid. However, the spread of δ18Ο, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr values indicates that dolomitization occurred at slightly increased temperatures as a result of shallow (≈500 m) burial or that dolomitization was multistage. These data support the hypothesis that penesaline sea water can produce massive dolomitization in thick peritidal carbonates in the absence of evaporite precipitation. Taking earlier models into consideration, it appears that replacement dolomites can be produced by sea water or modified sea water with a wide range of salinities (normal, penesaline to hypersaline), provided that there is a driving mechanism for fluid migration. The Gibraltar dolomites confirm other reports of significant Early Jurassic dolomitization in the western Tethys carbonate platforms. 相似文献
18.
Late Miocene platform carbonates from Nijar, Spain, have been extensively dolomitized. Limestones are present in the most landward parts of the platform, in stratigraphically lower units and topographically highest outcrops, suggesting that dolomitizing fluids were derived from the adjacent Nijar Basin. The dolomite crystals range from <10 to ≈100 μm existing as both replacements and cements. Na, Cl and SO4 concentrations in the dolomites range from 200 to 1700 p.p.m., 250–650 p.p.m., and 600–7000 p.p.m., respectively, comparable with other Tertiary and modern brine dolomite values, and also overlapping values from mixing-zone dolomites. Sr concentrations range between 50 and 300 p.p.m., and the molar Sr/Ca ratios of dolomitizing fluids are estimated to range between 7× seawater brine to freshwater ratios. The δ18O and δ13C of the dolomites range from ?1·0 to +4·2‰ PDB, and ?4·0 to +2·0‰ PDB, respectively. 87Sr/86Sr values (0·70899–0·70928) of the dolomites range from late Miocene seawater to values greater than modern seawater. Mixtures of freshwater with seawater and evaporative brines probably precipitated the Nijar dolomites. Modelled covariations of molar Sr/Ca vs. δ18O and Na/Ca vs. δ18O from these mixtures are consistent with those of the proposed Nijar dolomitizing fluids. Complete or partial dolomite recrystallization is ruled out by well preserved CL zoning, nonstoichiometry and quantitative water–rock interaction modelling of covariations of Na vs. Sr and δ18O vs. δ13C. The possibility of multiple dolomitization events induced by evaporative brines, seawater and freshwater, respectively, is consistent with mineral-mineral mixing modelling. The basin-derived dolomitizing brines probably mixed with freshwater in the Nijar Basin or mixed with fresh groundwater in the platform, and were genetically related either to deposition of the Yesares gypsum or the Feos gypsum. Dolomitization occurred during either the middle Messinian or the early upper Messinian. Nijar dolomitization models may be applicable to dolomitization of other late Miocene platform carbonates of the western Mediterranean. Moreover, the Nijar models may offer an analogue for more ancient evaporite-absent platform carbonates fringing evaporite basins. 相似文献