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通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。 相似文献
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本文讨论了广西北海现代海岸各种环境的自然地理分带、地质营力、沉积物以及生物生态等特征，指出环境能量直接决定了环境类型、沉积物类型以及生物组合类型。海岸环境据其能量划分为高能海滩、低能海湾、中能岩质潮坪和砂质潮坪、低能泥质红树林潮坪以及高能潮上沙丘等6种沉积类型；混合沉积作用主要发育于高能海滩和中能潮坪沉积环境内。涠洲岛现代地壳的上升活动控制着该区海蚀地貌的形成。 相似文献
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在进行庵东潮坪水文要素定点测量的基础上,对地貌特征,沉积粒度,沉积构造及重向剖面作了全面分析与研究。结果表明,滩地位于杭州湾进、退潮流的交会点,控制其发育的主动力为潮汐作用,具明显的不规则半日潮特性,涨潮流强度远大于落潮流,造就了宽达十余公里的潮滩地貌。滩地水动力深受湾内水流影响,高潮期服从其总体潮流流向,导致潮坪上发育众多与杭州湾深槽系统相连的潮沟,破坏了沉积物正常分布规律,高潮坪存在一定向平行岸线的大型潮沟,受强劲水流影响,沉积粒度粗化,并因快冲快淤而产生变形构造;中潮坪接受退潮期潮沟漫岸物质,粒度相对较小,分选性变差,沉积构造以直脊流水波痕及板状交错层理为主;低潮坪潮流作用大、沉积粒度粗,分选性最佳,发育小型流水波痕,内部构造以槽状交错层理,“青鱼刺”层理及再作用构造为特征。潮坪近岸处潮沟迁移层序及浪成波痕层理的发现反映水动力异常强大,威胁人工海塘的安全,建议停止进一步围垦滩涂,采取促淤方法,抑制潮沟的发育,以维持滩地稳定。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沉积相模式探讨 总被引：31，自引：6，他引：31
研究表明塔中志留系为陆表海碎屑潮坪沉积。从其沉积特点及古地理背景出发，结合古陆表海环境的水动力特点，建立起塔中地区志留系的陆表海碎屑潮坪沉积模式，认为它可分为三个微相:泥坪、砂泥坪和砂坪。部分泥坪和大部分砂泥坪发育在水下，砂坪的沉积水动力与现代的潮坪相比相对较弱。障壁岛沉积不发育，潮汐流和风暴流对碎屑搬运和改造起主要作用，砂坪和砂泥坪中潮汐水道沉积和风暴沉积发育。水进时垂向上发育向上变粗的沉积序列，砂体中广泛发育交错层理；水退时可形成大面积连续性好的砂体及分布面积广而稳定的泥坪。砂坪微相的一些水下高地存在可能成为有利储层的纯净的石英砂岩。塔中１１井实例说明此相模式在塔中志留系的研究中是适用的。 相似文献
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东寨港红树林潮坪沉积特征及其成炭条件分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了红树林潮坪底质之物质组成、结构构造、微量元素及有机质含量等沉积特征,并论述了其沉积作用。认为东寨港红树林潮坪不具备形成泥炭的条件,其制约因素归纳起来有：①充分的陆源碎屑供给及高的沉积速率;②红树植物残体高分解度;③周期性频繁动荡的潮汐水流;④新构造运动及海平面升降。 相似文献
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文昌凹陷珠海组是重要的含油层系，但目前缺乏对文昌B凹陷北坡珠海组沉积特征的系统性研究，制约了该地区进一步勘探。以钻测井、岩芯、分析化验以及地震等资料为基础，对文昌B凹陷北坡珠海组进行层序地层划分、地震相识别、沉积特征及其演化分析。综合研究表明，珠海组发育三个三级层序；研究区广泛发育潮汐复合层理、双向水流的羽状交错层理以及强烈的生物扰动和虫孔等构造，为典型潮坪的潮间带和潮下带沉积；在三个地震层序中识别出7种典型地震相并建立地震相与沉积相响应关系，以对沉积相展布进行研究；早渐新世末，海水开始侵入盆地，由于神狐隆起的障蔽作用，其沉积主要受潮汐作用控制，伴随海侵的进行，沉积了珠海组厚层的潮坪沉积，此后海侵进一步加剧，障壁逐渐消失，波浪作用增强，逐渐过渡到新近系正常滨浅海沉积；各层序高位体系域的潮下带和潮间带砂坪沉积与其上泥坪沉积和海侵浅海泥沉积组成良好的储盖组合，其中潮汐水道和水下沙坝楔形沉积体为砂体较厚、分选好的优质储层，也是下一步勘探的有利目标。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中东部本溪组蕴藏着丰富的天然气资源,具有较好勘探开发潜力,但沉积环境复杂,砂体横向变化快、气藏连续性差,成因不明确,探讨这一时期内的砂体成因类型及发育模式对于该地区油气勘探及古地理重建提供有益的参考和借鉴。在野外露头和岩心观察的基础上,结合岩石薄片、粒度分析以及测井资料分析,系统开展了本溪组岩相及岩相组合特征研究,讨论本溪组砂体成因类型,揭示砂体展布规律与沉积演化过程,建立了本溪组的沉积模式。鄂尔多斯盆地中东部本溪组沉积期发育12种岩相类型。砂体成因类型主要为水下分流河道、潮道、潮坪（砂坪—混合坪）、潮汐砂坝、障壁砂坝、潮汐风暴—陆棚6种。其中,湖田段沉积期,华北板块南北两端处于小陆块初始碰撞拼接阶段,物源供给弱,不发育砂体;畔沟段沉积期,海平面快速上升,研究区东部地区被海水覆盖,南北物源体系进入盆地后,受到以大潮差背景为主的潮汐作用改造,砂体类型主要为潮汐砂坝砂体,同时发育小规模的水下分流河道砂体、潮道砂体和潮坪（砂坪—混合坪）砂体;晋祠段沉积期,南、北两个方向的造山作用增强,其中研究区北部物源供给充足,发育三角洲体系,三角洲砂体往盆内不断进积,发育规模较大,但受到以中小... 相似文献
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根据肥城煤田石炭系太原组的岩性、粒度分布、沉积构造、地球化学及古生物等沉积特征,将该区晚石炭世古地理划分为碳酸盐开阔台地和潮坪环境,认为太原组形成于潮汐作用为主的陆表海海岸,泥炭坪是成煤的重要古地理环境,潮渠对煤层有一定的破坏作用,地壳的脉动性振荡作用是控制沉积环境演化和聚煤作用的主要因素。 相似文献
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Spatial and depth-wise distribution of sediment components, organic carbon and selected metals (Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn and Pb) is studied across upper and middle tidal flats from lower and middle estuarine regions of Kundalika Estuary, central west coast of India. Silt and clay form the major components in lower and middle estuary, respectively. Sand, silt, clay and organic carbon showed band-type distribution along the estuary. The sediment deposition over the years took place in varying hydrodynamic conditions in lower and middle estuarine regions. Upper flats of the lower estuary represent mud while middle flats of the lower estuary facilitated the deposition of sandy mud. Correlation results indicated the importance of clay and organic carbon in removal and trapping of metals at lower and middle estuary, respectively. Factor analysis indicated that the distribution of metals is largely controlled by Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides and organic carbon. The middle flats of the lower estuary showed an anthropogenic source for Ni, Cr and Co while middle flats of the middle estuary showed a mainly lithogenic source. 相似文献
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普拉姆岛(Plum island)是美国东北部缅因湾最大的障壁海岸,岛内向陆一侧为新英格兰地区最大潟湖和沼泽区,它们是晚第四纪末次冰期冰川作用和冰后期海岸作用的沉积响应。通过普拉姆岛研究区上更新统—全新统160个钻孔描述,识别出8种沉积物: 泥炭、冰川黏土、黏土、粉砂、细砂、中粗砂、砾、坠石。根据沉积物类型及其组合特征,结合沉积环境,共划分出8种沉积微相: 障壁沙丘、滨岸沙、水下临滨沙、河道、潮汐水道、潟湖、潮坪、沼泽。研究区在晚第四纪末次冰盛期(MIS2)被劳伦斯蒂德冰盖(Laurentide Ice Sheet)覆盖,发育冰川地貌,冰川泥覆盖在基岩之上,形成底层沉积; 冰后期(MIS1),冰盖消融,海平面发生变化,在冰川地貌鼓丘附近形成沙坝,最终沉积演化为障壁岛—潟湖环境,潟湖通过潮汐水道与广海相连通。 相似文献
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ROBERT S. TYE 《Sedimentology》1984,31(5):655-674
A three-dimensional model for a tidal inlet-barrier island depositional system was constructed through examination of 37 vibracores and 10 auger drill holes on Capers and Dewees Islands, South Carolina. Two cycles of southerly inlet migration and subsequent abandonment resulted in beach ridge truncation on the northern ends of both barriers. Historical evidence indicates that these tidal inlets migrated 1.5 km to the south owing to a dominant north-south longshore transport direction. The hydraulic inefficiency of these over-extended inlet channels caused shorter, more northerly-oriented channels to breach through the ebbtidal deltas. After inlet reorientation, large wave-formed swash bars migrated landward closing former inlet channels. Weakened tidal currents through the abandoned channels permitted clay plugs to form thick impermeable seals over active channel-fill sand and shell. Price and Capers Inlets formed during the onset of the Holocene transgression following submergence of the ancestral Plio-Pleistocene Santee River drainage system. Coarse, poorly sorted inlet-deposited sand disconformably overlies Pleistocene estuarine clay and is capped by a dense clay plug. Shoreline reorientation and landward retreat of a primary barrier island chain occurred between the first and second cycles of inlet-channel migration and abandonment. Beach ridges prograded seaward over the first inlet sequence. A second cycle of inlet migration truncated the northernmost portion of these beach ridges and scoured into the clay plug of the earlier inlet deposit. Abandonment of this channel resulted in deposition of a second abandoned inlet-channel clay plug. Abandoned tidal inlet channels exhibit U-shaped strike and crescentic- to wedge-shaped dip geometries. Basal, poorly sorted inlet sands are sealed beneath impermeable, abandoned-channel silt and clay, washover deposits, and salt marsh. Multiple episodes of inlet migration and abandonment during a rising sea-level deposited stacked inlet-fill sequences within the barrier islands. The resultant stratigraphy consists of interlayered, fining-upward, active inlet-fill sand overlain by thicker abandoned inlet-fill clay plugs. These clay plugs form impermeable zones between adjacent barrier island sand bodies. Shoreline transgression would remove the uppermost barrier island deposits, sealing the inlet-fill sequences between Pleistocene estuarine clay and shoreface to shelf silt and clay. 相似文献
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利用在长江口崇明岛北支北四滧港（SY）、北堡港（BBG）以及新卫村（XW）潮滩获取的表层沉积物,测试总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）及总硫（TS）含量,分析有机地球化学元素在潮滩微相的分布规律及影响因素,试图建立TOC/TN、TS/TOC等潮滩微相识别指标。研究结果显示,影响长江口潮滩TN、TS微相分布的重要因素为有机质含量及类型。在淤涨型潮滩,TOC/TN在高潮滩一般大于10,在中潮滩明显降至10以下;中潮滩植被带TS/TOC最高,平均值达0.063,其次为高潮滩互花米草带和中潮滩光滩（分别为0.055和0.054）,高潮滩芦苇带最低;TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率在高潮滩芦苇带呈现为显著低值,自高潮滩米草带向光滩,逐渐增大。在侵蚀型潮滩,TOC/TN从高潮滩到低潮滩均大于10,而且中、低潮滩的比值大于高潮滩,潮下带骤降至小于10;TS/TOC自陆向海逐渐增大,TS-TOC一元回归斜率高潮滩最低,中潮滩最高。另外,侵蚀型潮滩各微相的TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率均明显低于淤涨型潮滩。上述研究结果表明,长江口沉积物的TOC/TN和TS/TOC及TS-TOC一元线性回归斜率与潮滩沉积微相之间存在一定的关系,具有应用于全新世钻孔识别潮滩沉积物微相的潜力。 相似文献
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Distribution of heavy metals in the clastic fine-grained sediments of Gavkhuni playa lake (Southeast of Isfahan,Iran) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The sedimentary basin of Gavkhuni playa lake includes two sedimentary environments of delta and playa lake. These environments consist of mud, sand and salt flats. There are potentials for concentration of heavy metals in the fine-grained sediments (silt and clay) of the playa due to existence of Pb/Zn ore deposits, industrial and agricultural regions in the water catchment of Zayandehrud River terminating to this area. In order to study the concentration of heavy metals and the controlling factors on their distribution in the fine-grained sediments, 13 samples were taken from the muddy facies and concentration of the heavy metals were determined. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations range in the sediments (in ppm) are Mn (395.5–1,040), Sr (100.4–725.76), Pb (14.66–91.06), Zn (23.59–80.9), Ni (37–73.66), Cu (13.83–29.83), Co (5.73–13.78), Ag (3.03–4.76) and Cd (2.3–5.5) in their order of abundances. The concentration of Ag is noticeable in the sediments relative to the average concentration of this element in mud sediments. The amounts of Pb and Zn are relatively high in all the samples in comparison with the other elements. The concentration of Ni is relatively high in the oxidized samples. The distribution of Pb is directly related to organic matter content of the sediments. The concentrations of Zn, Sr, Cu, Co and Cd in the samples of the playa are lower than those in the delta. The amount of illite is another factor influencing Zn and Pb concentrations. Sr is more concentrated in the sediments with the high content of calcium carbonate. The distribution pattern of Cu, Co, Pb and Mn resembles to that of the clay content of the sediments. The clay content shows positive correlations with Co, Cu and Mn concentrations and negative correlation with Ag. The Sr and Ag concentrations are positively correlated with the amount of CaCO3. The amounts of Co, Cu, Ni and Mn show negative correlations with the calcium carbonate content. Pb and Co are noticeably correlated with Mn. 相似文献
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Laboratory experiments indicate that clay particles of the <2-üm fraction can be considerably degraded by the bivalve Mytilus edulis: dickite, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite and illite particles are partially dissolved and rounded by the digestive processes. Structural changes and a decrease in crystallinity of kaolinites, dickites and illites are striking. Investigations of clay minerals from tidal flat sediments highly populated by marine invertebrates, from marine suspensions and samples from profiles across Mytilis edulis beds on the North Sea coast of Germany show, however, that these materials have a uniform mineral composition. This uniformity of clay mineralogy can be explained by the hydrodynamic conditions in the nearshore area, where tidal currents and waves cause a periodic resuspension and transport of sediments introduced into the Wadden Sea from different sources (glacial, fluviatile). Processes of bioturbation also redistribute the sedimentary material. These mixing processes effectively erase any evidence of local enrichment of the biogenically degraded clays. However, the disordered clays should react more sensitively (i.e. have higher adsorption capacities for organic substances, hydroxides and metals) in sediments than untreated materials, so that biodegradation is of basic importance for clay diagenesis. During these processes, Pb, V, Ni and Fe are dissolved from the digested particles. 相似文献
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通过沉积特征、沉积相及古地理分析，认为南羌塘鄂斯玛露头地区发育潮坪相、潟湖相、陆棚相沉积，江鱼玛洛覆盖区推测有障壁滩（或障壁岛）相沉积。根据沉积相的空间分布，研究区从北到南展布有隆起剥蚀区、潮坪相区、潟湖相区、障壁滩相区及陆棚-斜坡相区。根据以矿找矿思路，认为覆盖区的江鱼玛洛—额酥木玛障壁滩（或障壁岛）相区可能发育颗粒灰岩、白云岩储层。建议在江鱼玛洛—额酥木玛地区部署一口油气地质调查井，其有可能钻遇到含油白云岩或颗粒灰岩，并有可能实现油气资源的战略发现。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统本溪组(羊虎沟组)沉积特征对于预测其砂体展布、油气勘探具有重要意义。在野外地质考察、岩心观察和薄片研究的基础上,对本溪组(羊虎沟组)进行了岩石学特征、沉积相类型和空间展布规律等方面的研究。本溪组(羊虎沟组)岩石类型主要为灰白色中-粗砂岩和深灰色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩,夹多层煤、灰岩和泥灰岩;主要发育浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潮坪、潟湖和扇三角洲沉积。鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起西部主要发育扇三角洲、障壁岛和潟湖沉积相,东部主要发育扇三角洲、潟湖、障壁岛和浅海陆棚沉积相,中间过渡带主要为潮坪沉积。自北向南依次发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、潮坪、潟湖和浅海陆棚等沉积。总体上来讲,本溪组(羊虎沟组)为一套海陆交互相沉积建造,具有东、西分异的沉积格局。 相似文献
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晚二叠世龙潭组沉积期是湖北省境内一次重要的成煤时期,由于煤层的不稳定性,其煤层层数、厚度、煤质等存在明显差异。通过岩性、煤层及古生物研究对比,查明龙潭组由下向上共出现5个煤层,煤层的形成与沉积特征明显受岩相古地理条件所制约。在龙潭组沉积期,湖北省境内总体为"两陆夹一盆"的基本格局,形成潮坪-泻湖-障壁岛沉积体系,该沉积体系是华南海北部沉积区的一个组成部分,由秦淮古陆、海湾泻湖及江南古陆组成,沉积区主要为泻湖相和潮坪相单元,其中沼泽亚相为煤层的最佳沉积环境。 相似文献