共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
海相优质烃源岩发育的主要影响因素及沉积环境 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对海洋生物、现代海洋沉积和古代海相地层中有机质含量分布特征和实验室模拟实验的结果表明,水体中高生物生产率是海相环境形成富有机质沉积的关键因素;沉积和早期成岩作用期间水体的相对还原环境是有机质富集保存的有利条件;海底深部流体的活动是造成富有机质沉积的不可忽视的因素;沉积速率是影响海相沉积有机质富集的主要因素。现有研究表明,在海相盆地中最有利形成优质烃源岩的沉积环境主要有欠补偿浅水—深水盆地、台缘斜坡、半闭塞—闭塞欠补偿海湾和蒸发潟湖。 相似文献
2.
四川盆地广元地区大隆组有机质富集规律 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
四川盆地西北广元地区上二叠统大隆组主要为碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和页岩互层沉积.对四川广元长江沟剖面进行精细解剖的结果表明,大隆组中有机碳质量分数为0.16%~14.6%,有机碳质量分数与岩性关系密切,高有机碳质量分数赋存于黑色页岩和纹层状灰岩中,其中碳酸盐岩的有机碳质量分数与纹层厚度呈反比,即纹层厚度越大有机碳质量分数越低.大隆组优质烃源岩位于大隆组中部岩段,岩性组合为黑色页岩和硅质岩互层,间夹薄层状灰岩或纹层状灰岩.微量元素分析结果显示有机质的富集明显受控于沉积阶段及早期成岩阶段的氧化还原条件.综合分析表明大隆组烃源岩有机质富集受晚二叠世沉积环境、氧化还原条件、生物生产力、深部热液流体的影响,其中厌氧、缺氧环境是大隆组烃源岩发育的主控因素,高生物产率是有机质富集的前提条件. 相似文献
3.
4.
海相优质烃源岩形成环境及其控制因素分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从大量的研究实例出发,分析了海相优质烃源岩的发育环境及其主要控制因素.海相优质烃源岩的形成是原始生产力、沉积速率、海平面变化、上升流、海底热液活动、冰期、沉积环境和保存条件等因素综合作用的结果,当各种因素达到最优配置时,则有利于海相优质烃源岩的形成;在特定时期、特定的沉积环境中,某一种或两种因素可以影响或改变其他因素,成为影响海相优质烃源岩形成的最关键因素;对海相优质烃源岩发育环境的评价应该综合考虑该环境下烃源岩发育的广泛程度和烃源岩有机质丰度两方面因素. 相似文献
5.
海相烃源岩的正反演对比分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
海相优质烃源岩有效的评价体系是海相地层油气勘探开发中的关键问题之一.沉积盆地内保存的残余有机质从生物物质到烃源岩的演化过程经历了两个阶段, 即从生物物质到沉积有机质的形成阶段和从沉积有机质到残余有机质的烃源岩形成阶段, 后者包括沉积有机质在未熟阶段经历生物化学作用成为埋藏有机质和在成熟-过成熟阶段经历热解作用成为残余或风化残余有机质两个亚阶段.烃源岩反演分析是利用残余或风化残余有机质的量来推断埋藏有机质的量或者原始生烃潜力.而正演分析则是根据沉积物沉积环境、生物物质及其介质物理化学条件特征运用地球生态学、地球微生物学、分子地球生物学和生物地球化学方法推断沉积有机质的量, 甚至推断埋藏有机质的量, 进而评估烃源岩的原始生烃潜力, 也就是利用生物生产力和保存环境等综合分析沉积有机质的量.正反演对比分析相互验证和相互补充, 更好地揭示了烃源岩基本特征, 为海相优质烃源岩的预测和评价提供了有效的研究方法. 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘斜坡相沉积是海相烃源岩的有利发育区。本文从元素地球化学入手，结合岩石、古生态特征，通过不同地区、不同层位元素赋存与迁移规律、沉积水体的变化及氧化－还原条件的分析，系统探讨了该区奥陶系元素地球化学与沉积环境、烃源岩分布及海底热流体活动的关系。认为水体深度、还原性、生物量及海底热流体的存在是海相生烃岩发育的重要条件。西缘北段桌子山组及南段三道沟组等台地相沉积及其以下地层，其沉积水体浅、开阔，还原性差，使有机质难以保存，不利于生烃岩的发育；而北段克里摩里组、乌拉力克组及南段的平凉组第一段等斜坡相沉积，其水体深而闭塞，还原性强，并且存在海底热流体活动，可形成有机质丰度较高的海相生烃岩。从而为评价该区奥陶系天然气成藏条件，提供了地球化学依据。 相似文献
7.
泥岩/页岩:中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地主要烃源岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积体系中,碳酸盐岩是最主要的沉积岩类型,长期以来研究的重点也一直是碳酸盐岩,对海相泥岩/页岩的关注比较少,并且认为碳酸盐岩是海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩。对中国南方上、中、下扬子地区、滇黔桂地区、塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、华北地区等147条剖面、289口探井及浅井约11200余个样品有机碳含量的分析与统计表明,泥岩/页岩有机质丰度高,是中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩类型,而碳酸盐岩有机质丰度普遍较低,仅仅是次要的烃源岩类型。海相碳酸盐岩中有机质的含量与碳酸盐含量呈现弱的负相关性,泥质输入有利于形成高有机质丰度的碳酸盐岩烃源岩,但并不是高有机质丰度碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育的必要条件,决定碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质丰度的主要因素是有机质的生产率、有机质的沉积与保存环境。中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中并不缺乏高有机质丰度泥岩/页岩类好烃源岩,上、中、下扬子地区主要发育于上震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、上二叠统;华南地区主要发育于中、下泥盆统;塔里木盆地主要发育于下寒武统、下奥陶统及中上奥陶统;华北地区为中新元古界洪水庄组、下马岭组。泥灰岩类碳酸盐岩烃源岩在塔里木盆地相对比较发育,在中国南方地区只有下二叠统相对发育。 相似文献
8.
在中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积体系中,碳酸盐岩是最主要的沉积岩类型,长期以来研究的重点也一直是碳酸盐岩,对海相泥岩/页岩的关注比较少,并且认为碳酸盐岩是海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩。对中国南方上、中、下扬子地区、滇黔桂地区、塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、华北地区等147条剖面、289口探井及浅井约11200余个样品有机碳含量的分析与统计表明,泥岩/页岩有机质丰度高,是中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中主要的烃源岩类型,而碳酸盐岩有机质丰度普遍较低,仅仅是次要的烃源岩类型。海相碳酸盐岩中有机质的含量与碳酸盐含量呈现弱的负相关性,泥质输入有利于形成高有机质丰度的碳酸盐岩烃源岩,但并不是高有机质丰度碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育的必要条件,决定碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质丰度的主要因素是有机质的生产率、有机质的沉积与保存环境。中国元古宙—古生代海相沉积盆地中并不缺乏高有机质丰度泥岩/页岩类好烃源岩,上、中、下扬子地区主要发育于上震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、上二叠统;华南地区主要发育于中、下泥盆统;塔里木盆地主要发育于下寒武统、下奥陶统及中上奥陶统;华北地区为中新元古界洪水庄组、下马岭组。泥灰岩类碳酸盐岩烃源岩在塔里木盆地相对比较发育,在中国南方地区只有下二叠统相对发育。 相似文献
9.
中国南方茅口组地层为区域性烃源岩. 茅口组底部和顶部均发育硅质岩, 顶部地层残余有机碳高达10.90%, 其厚度16 m, 为优质烃源岩层, 而该组底部为差烃源岩.通过岩石学、碳同位素和微量元素分析, 表明华南川西北地区茅口期存在2期上升流, 分别发育于茅口组沉积早期和晚期; 上升流所带来的营养盐有利于生物的发育, 产生高的初级生产力.结合碳同位素资料, 发现茅口期古海洋生物产率呈现出高-低-高的变化过程, 而大气中CO2含量变化也呈现高-低-高的变化过程.虽然茅口期底部为高初级生产力层段, 但是由于该沉积及早期成岩阶段为常氧环境, 不利于沉积有机质保存, 形成了差烃源岩, 而茅口组顶部沉积时期存在大的海侵事件, 海平面的上升导致厌氧环境形成, 沉积有机质大量保存下来, 形成优质烃源岩层段.该套烃源岩形成与发育主控因素分析是中国南方海相优质烃源岩分布预测和油气成藏研究的基础. 相似文献
10.
通过库泰盆地Naga Utara-1井(NU-1井)下中新统油、气样品烃源岩地球化学分析,认为NU-1井天然气样品的烃源岩母质为腐泥型,沉积于弱还原的海相环境,生源母质以水生生物输入为主,镜质体反射率约1.2%,处于成熟的演化阶段;原油样品的烃源岩母质为腐殖型,沉积于弱氧化的陆相环境,生源母质以陆生高等植物为主,镜质体反射率约0.7%,处于未熟-低熟的演化阶段。不同的烃源岩特征表明二者为两套烃源岩:一套为成熟度相对较高的海相烃源岩,一套为成熟度相对较低的陆相烃源岩。库泰盆地两套已知烃源岩地层和本文原油样品所指示的烃源岩母质有相似之处,但和气体样品所指示的烃源岩母质截然不同。气体来源于更深的下部地层:下中新统的海相地层,或者更深部渐新统-始新统的湖相地层。深部海相或湖相地层烃源岩产生的气体沿断层向上迁移,在背斜部位的砂岩中形成高压圈闭,并被上覆的灰岩层和泥岩层封盖形成油气藏。库泰盆地下中新统的海相地层,或者更深部渐新统-始新统的湖相地层烃源岩具有很好的勘探潜力,下一步需要转变勘探思路,将勘探目的层转移至中中新统下部-下中新统海相成藏系统,甚至更深部的渐新统-始新统含油气系统。 相似文献
11.
烃源岩形成研究一直集中于海相盆地的“生产力模式”和“保存模式”之争, 湖相盆地研究较少.利用二连盆地烃源岩有机碳、碳酸盐碳同位素、热解参数、还原硫等地球化学分析数据, 表征了湖盆古生产力和陆源有机质输入, 研究了有机质供给和保存在烃源岩形成中的控制作用, 发现不同的湖盆中有机质供给和保存对烃源岩形成的控制作用明显不同.有机质供给量大的湖盆原始有机质含量高, 烃源岩形成主要受有机质供给控制, 受有机质保存条件影响小, 即使在含氧的水底也会有部分有机质来不及氧化而富集形成烃源岩; 有机质供给量小的湖盆原始有机质含量低, 氧化环境中大部分有机质被降解难以形成烃源岩, 只有还原环境下有机质才能得到较好的保存, 有机质保存是控制烃源岩形成的主要因素. 相似文献
12.
Using some uranium deposits and recent U-bearing sediments as examples, it is shown that all U-bearing rocks are characterized by an association of organic matter and calcium phosphate, irrespective of the quantitative relationship between these components. A considerable proportion of these components was delivered into sediments with remains of marine planktonic and nektonic organisms. Along with organic matter, calcium phosphate played a significant role in uranium concentration. This is related to a high sorption ability of the calcium phosphate. Uranium accumulated during diagenesis as a result of diffusion exchange between bottom and interstitial waters. The combination of anoxic bottom environment with high bioproductivity in upper aerated waters, a typical phenomenon in oceanic upwelling zones, is the most favorable factor of uranium concentration in the sedimentary process. This determines the stable paragenetic association of organic matter, phosphorus, and uranium in marine sediments, such as black shales and organogenic phosphate deposits. 相似文献
13.
V. N. Kuleshov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(5):473-493
Major regularities in the formation of manganese rocks and ores have been established on the basis of available published
and original data. The proposed genetic classification of main manganese deposits (with model examples) is as follows: sedimentary-diagenetic
(Nikopol, Bol’she-Tokmak; Ukraine), (volcanogenic) hydrothermal-sedimentary (deposits of the Atasui area, Kazakhstan; Magnitogorsk
Trough, South Urals), epigenetic (catagenetic) (deposits of the Kalahari manganese ore field, South Africa; Usinsk deposit,
Kuznetsk Alatau), and supergene (residual, infiltrational, cavern filling, and pisolitic deposits in India, Brazil, South
Africa, and Australia). The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) all primary manganese rocks and ores at the known
deposits are hydrothermal- and diagenetic-sedimentary formations of marine environments; (2) manganese concentrations achieve
the size of deposits at postsedimentary stages of the initial manganiferous sediment and manganese rock transformation (diagenesis,
catagenesis, and retrograde diagenesis); (3) indispensable participation of the isotopically light carbon dioxide related
to the destruction of organic matter (OM) is a characteristic feature of manganese carbonate formation during diagenesis;
and (4) the role of organic carbon in manganese ore formation becomes notable since early stages of Mn accumulation in the
Precambrian sedimentary basins (terminal Archean-initial Early Proterozoic). 相似文献
14.
Late Cretaceous epicontinental phosphorites, porcelanites/cherts, dark-coloured shales, glauconitic sandstones and bioclastic and fine-grained carbonate rocks in Egypt are examined in terms of their overall depositional and diagenetic framework and stable isotopic and organic geochemical characteristics. Two main depositional realms are interpreted and correlated through sequence stratigraphic analysis: (1) a shallow hemipelagic environment accompanying initial stages of marine transgression and conducive to the formation of organic carbon-rich shales, biosiliceous sediments and thick phosphorites, and (2) a relatively high energy depositional regime accompanying sea-level fall during which deltas advanced, glauconites were reworked seaward and prograding oyster banks became periodically exposed to episodes of fresh water diagenesis, thereby promoting solution-collapse phenomena in associated cherts. Lenticular to massive phosphorites are viewed as the result of current winnowing and concentration of authigenic grains initially precipitated in associated reducing shales and biosiliceous sediments. In eastern Egypt the phosphorites form winnowed lag layers, some of which may have been redeposited down slope in structural lows. In the west, these sands were concentrated into giant phosphorite sand waves built by reworking of penecontemporaneously deposited phosphatic muds during marine transgression. Carbon isotopic results substantiate interpretations from modern deposits for limitation of phosphate mineral precipitation with depth in sediments as a result of lattice poisoning. However, direct desorption of phosphorus to pore waters from detrital iron-oxyhydroxide phases also may have been important in the Cretaceous setting, the iron reduced in this process being available for incorporation in glauconites. The main locus for authigenic glauconite precipitation appears to be where iron fluxes from regions of lateritic weathering were highest and near the boundary between oxygenated and reduced waters. This study suggests a model for the common coexistence of glauconites and phosphorites in the geological record. Although upwelling is often advocated as the origin of nearly all giant phosphorite deposits, we suggest that some of these may have been strongly influenced by fluvially derived phosphorus borne on particulates and desorbed from these compounds upon flocculation and/or reduction in bottom waters or pore waters. 相似文献
15.
通过水下浅层及近岸钻探取样,对样品的pH值与Eh值,有机碳、细菌、孔隙水化学组份、自生矿物标型特征以及碳氧同位素等的分析。研究了沉积物孔隙水的化学反应过程,及其离子交换与反应物的关系。对早期成岩作用过程与机理进行了探讨.提出河口地区以泥质为主和以沙质为主的两种早期成岩作用基本类型及其特征与标志。为研究古代类似沉积物早期成岩作用的识别提供了依据。 相似文献
16.
17.
P. Yu. Petrov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2016,51(4):290-309
Structures and textures of the peloidal wackestones, as well as size, shape, and composition of peloidal grains, from the Mesoproterozoic (Middle Riphean) Sukhaya Tunguska carbonate platform in the Turukhansk Uplift (Siberia) are considered. It is shown that these grains formed in the course of diagenesis were closely associated with the microsparitic replacement and the formation of molar tooth (MT) structures. Diagenetic transformations of rocks were related to the activity of anaerobic microbial communities inside the buried carbonate silt layers. The microbial activity during diagenesis was governed by the carbonate sediment composition and conservation mechanism of the high-molecular organic matter of primary producers therein, since this organic matter was the nutritious substrate for the primary anaerobe communities. 相似文献
18.
The Darlington (Sakmarian) and Berriedale (Artinskian) Limestones are neritic deposits that accumulated in high‐latitude environments along the south‐eastern margin of Pangea in what is now Tasmania. These rocks underwent a series of diagenetic processes that began in the marine palaeoenvironment, continued during rapid burial and were profoundly modified by alteration associated with the intrusion of Mesozoic igneous rocks. Marine diagenesis was important but contradictory; although dissolution took place, there was also coeval precipitation of fibrous calcite cement, phosphate and glauconite, as well as calcitization of aragonite shells. These processes are interpreted as having been promoted by mixing of shelf and upwelling deep ocean waters and enabled by microbial degradation of organic matter. In contrast to warm‐water carbonates where meteoric diagenesis is important, the Darlington and Berriedale Limestones were largely unaffected by meteoric diagenesis. Only minor dissolution and local cementation took place in this diagenetic environment, although mechanical compaction was ubiquitous. Correlation with burial history curves indicates that chemical compaction became important as burial depths exceeded 150 m, promoting precipitation of extensive ferroan calcite. This effect resulted from burial by rapidly deposited, overlying, thick, late Permian and Triassic terrestrial sediments. This diagenetic pathway was, however, complicated by the subsequent intrusion of massive Mesozoic diabases and associated silicifying diagenetic fluids. Finally, fractures most probably connected with Cretaceous uplift were filled with late‐stage non‐ferroan calcite cement. This study suggests that both carbonate dissolution and precipitation occur in high‐latitude marine palaeoenvironments and, therefore, the cold‐water diagenetic realm is not always destructive in terms of diagenesis. Furthermore, it appears that for the early Permian of southern Pangea at least, there was no real difference in the diagenetic pathways taken by cool‐water and cold‐water carbonates. 相似文献
19.
地下孔隙率和渗透率在空间和时间上的变化及影响因素 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18
地下岩石孔隙率和渗透率在空间和时间上的变化受众多因素控制,总的说来,包括沉积与成岩两个最为主要的因素。沉积盆地的性质和沉积环境控制了沉积物的组成、岩石的结构和原生孔隙。沉积作用所经历的时间相对较短而进程较快;成岩作用所经历的时间相对较长而进程较慢。从对孔隙率和渗透率的控制作用来说,成岩作用的研究难度相对较大。近年来,一些传统的形成地下岩石次生孔隙的机制受到挑战,这些传统机制中最为主要的是有机酸对铝硅酸溶解形成次生孔隙,但这会造成介质pH值的升高,碳酸盐矿物和高岭石的沉淀。地下岩石中碳酸水溶解产生的次生孔隙也是有限的。新的机制如大气淡水的溶解作用,深部冷却地下水的溶解作用,硅酸盐的水解都得到了人们的普遍接受,这对于次生孔隙成因的解释及地下岩石孔隙率和渗透率的预测十分重要。对于碳酸盐岩来说,与不整合面附近的古喀斯特有关的油气藏得到了更多的关注。深埋藏过程中碳酸盐岩成岩作用的研究中,温度和压力的影响对不同碳酸盐矿物溶解及沉淀作用的差异性控制了地下碳酸盐岩孔隙率和渗透率分布. 相似文献